11. Treatment The free end of the Chest Drainage Device is usually attached to an underwater seal , below the level of the chest. This allows the air or fluid to escape from the pleural space, and prevents anything returning to the chest
12.
13. CT chest showing large right sided hydro-pneumothorax from pleural empyema . Arrows A: air, B: fluid Encasement of the left lung by thick purulent exudate which is characteristic of pleural empyema