WEBINAR | THE MINIGRID GAME | Introduction and Case Studies - Ayu Abdullah, Energy Action Partners

1. THE MINIGRID GAME A PARTICIPATORY GAMING APPROACH TO COMMUNITY ENERGY PLANNING Webinar | May 15, 2018 Organized by Smart Villages, LCEDN, and Energy Action Partners.

2. OUR MISSION To expand individual opportunity and strengthen communities through collaborative programs focused on sustainable energy access. VISION To promote resilient and inclusive communities while preserving social cohesion, a strong sense of identity, and community values. CORE VALUES We prioritize human development outcomes over infrastructure provision. was founded in 2014 as a nonprofit organization with a mission to promote community development through training, capacity building and development projects related to sustainable energy.   We maintain offices in Boston, Kuala Lumpur, and Hargeisa, Somaliland.

3. Energy Action Partnersoutline ‣ Community participation and gaming ‣ Why is community participation important? ‣ Different levels of participation ‣ Why gaming? ‣ The Minigrid Game ‣ What is it? ‣ How we use The Minigrid Game ‣ Outcomes ‣ Village context ‣ The Sabah experience ‣ Q&A session ‣ Let’s play The Minigrid Game!

4. WHY IS COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN MINIGRID PLANNING SO IMPORTANT?

5. Energy Action PartnersWhy community participation? A FEW COMMON NON- TECHNICAL CHALLENGES Poorly sized system Unable to meet community demand or ability to pay Insufﬁcient revenue Ineffective enforcement leads to underpayment or theft Insufﬁcient savings Tariff is too low to afford maintenance or repairs Poor maintenance Initial funding dries up and no one takes over O&M Load curtailment conflicts “Unfair” load shedding during dry seasons No productive use Investment in machinery not coordinated with system design Stronger reliance on community participation in planning and management can mitigate many of these challenges

6. Increasinglevelofparticipation Energy Action Partnerscommunity participation REASONS FOR STRONG COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION 1. Receiving information from the community leads to better design. 2. Educating community improves user cooperation and enhances their ability and motivation to look after the system. 3. Involving community in planning and management can leverage local authority and make a system more resilient to future challenges.

7. HOW CAN WE ACHIEVE A HIGH LEVEL OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION FOR A TECHNICALLY COMPLEX TOPIC?

8. Energy Action Partnerscommunity participation Conventional approaches Interviews Surveys Presentations

9. Energy Action Partnersgaming WHY A GAME? ‣ Engaging: playful environment increases attention and interest ‣ Experiential: players learn by direct experience through simulation ‣ Self-mobilizing: players become active participants while external actors become facilitators ‣ Non-judgmental: simulated world allows exploration of taboo topics ‣ Consensus building: cooperative game requires discussion and collaborative decision-making

10. THE MINIGRID GAME

11. Energy Action PartnersThe minigrid game WHAT IS THE MINIGRID GAME? ‣ It’s both a participatory minigrid design and planning tool and an educational tool. ‣ As an educational tool, it helps users understand operations and the economics behind microgrids. ‣ As a design tool, it creates a collaborative environment and allows for users to negotiate and reach consensus on design parameters, as well as management policies.

12. Energy Action PartnersThe minigrid game WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE? The goal: To collaboratively design a renewable energy minigrid that enables the community to thrive at present and into the future. The outcomes: To increase skills and understanding, transparency of the system’s limitations, productive end use.

13. Community Community Organizers Practitioners Energy Action PartnersThe minigrid game BROADER PLANNING PROCESS Building trust and exploring options Participatory planning process Community conﬁrmation and commitment Design and implementa tion Operation and self- governance Community expression of interest

14. THE SABAH EXPERIENCE

15. Energy Action PartnersThe sabah experience VILLAGE CONTEXT ‣ Three, rural communities in the Ulu Papar district of Sabah, Malaysia ‣ Strong sense of community and institutions ‣ Villagers are self-sustaining, subsistence farmers ‣ They also hunt and fish, sell rice, vegetables, fish and meat to one another. Other sources of income include rubber sales, running homestays and working as tour guides or in construction ‣ Local challenges: Relocation due to a planned dam, limited household incomes, poor connective infrastructure (roads), limited electrification

16. Energy Action PartnersThe sabah experience THE MINIGRID GAME IN ACTION ‣ In July 2017, three Minigrid Game workshops were hosted in Terian, Buayan and Timpayasa ‣ Pre-workshop social mapping activities were conducted to help calibrate game parameters ‣ Each workshop lasted approximately 2-3 hours ‣ Players formed minigrid ‘household’ teams while an ‘operator’ facilitated the game and discussions INTRODUCTION TO GAME INITIALIZATION AND TEST PLAY GAME ROUNDS (MINIGRID SIMULATION) DISCUSSIONS CHANGING MINIGRID SETTINGS AND PARAMETERS (DESIGN) CONCLUSION AND FEEDBACK

17. Energy Action PartnersThe sabah experience Kampung Terian

20. Energy Action PartnersThe sabah experience Kampung Buayan

23. Energy Action PartnersThe sabah experience Kampung Timpayasa

24. Energy Action PartnersThe sabah experience Kampung Timpayasa

25. Energy Action PartnersThe sabah experience OUTCOMES Kampung Terian Kampung Buayan Kampung Timpayasa Key challenges • Micro-hydro system damaged by landslide • No consensus on use of funds for repairs • Meters ill-suited for current needs • Limited power supply during drought • No community microgrid or power system Outcomes • Preferred a prepaid system • Used the game to test different tariffs • Explored peak demand ﬁnes • Expressed interest in obtaining the game to continue using with the rest of the community • Preferred a prepaid system • Mismatch between Game’s prepaid collection and actual collection • Expressed interest in an upgraded prepaid meter that would display information similar to the game’s user interface (e.g. load proﬁles and real-time energy use) • Preferred a prepaid system • Used the game to learn about their consumption patterns, peaks and ability to pay • Household bills were higher than the other two • Expressed interest in individual home systems over a microgrid, but liked the fact that a community- based microgrid would enable payment sinto a shared fund

26. Energy Action PartnersThe sabah experience Achieving a high level of community participation in planning, managing and using an energy system requires alignment with their value system

27. Energy Action Partners Development and demonstration of The Minigrid Game in Ulu Papar, Sabah has been supported by www.theminigridgame.org