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Internet Gone Mobile: Technology and Policy Issues in the Mobile Internet Presenter: Richard Bennett, Research Fellow, ITIF Disclaimer: Views expressed are mine alone and not those of ITIF or its sponsors. <ul><li>March 2, 2010 </li></ul>

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About me <ul><li>Protocol Engineer </li></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Ethernet over Twisted Pair </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Wi-Fi MAC, QoS, and MPDU Aggregation </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>UWB Distributed Reservation Protocol </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Real-Time TCP </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Consult with Industry </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><li>Policy Engineer </li></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Research Fellow with Washington Think Tank </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Testified before FCC in the Comcast complaint </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Testified before Congress </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Consult with regulators in Europe and the US </li></ul></ul></ul>

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Internet ’s Historical Arc <ul><li>Original Internet </li></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Built for Three Networks: ARPANET, PRNET, SATNET </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Design based on CYCLADES </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Became the world standard because of research deployment </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><li>Internet today </li></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>1.6 Billion users, Web-oriented </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><li>Internet ten years from now </li></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>7 Billion Users. </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>20 Billion Devices. </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Mobile last mile </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Augmented Reality, Social Networks, Two-Way Video, M2M </li></ul></ul></ul>

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Internet ’s Problems <ul><li>Huge Backlog of Incomplete and Undeployed standards: </li></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>DiffServ, IntServ, RSVP, Mobile IP, DNSSEC </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Operationally stagnant since 1993, if not longer </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Addressing Model is Wrong </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>No host address, two point of attachment addresses </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>No meaningful support for multi-homing and mobility </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Routing table overflow </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>No Meaningful Security </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Public networks need attribution </li></ul></ul></ul>

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Internet ’s Problems - 2 <ul><li>Congestion Control is poorly implemented </li></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Keeps utilization of core links at 30% </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Reacts too slowly </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Doesn ’t connect congestion with value of communications </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Quality of Service not connected with congestion </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Layered Architectures are Arguably Wrong in Principle </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Networks are recursive. </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>“ Networking is IPC and only IPC” – John Day </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Addresses don ’t need to be global, names do </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>NATs are not the exception, they ’re the norm </li></ul></ul></ul>

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Mobile ’s Historical Arc <ul><li>Voice + </li></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Voice + Data </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Voice + Data + Location </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Voice + Data + Location + Sensors </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><li>Fascination with IP </li></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Grass is always Greener </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Naïve with respect to Internet ’s design problems </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Real-time focus is very important </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>The Internet has a lot to learn from Mobile </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Mobile has three time as many users as Internet </li></ul></ul>

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Top Challenges <ul><li>Constructive Bellhead + Nethead engagement </li></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Bridge the Gap between the Two Network Cultures. </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Develop Interoperable VoIP </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>RSVP, IntServ, DiffServ, Pre-ECN, Mobile IP </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Authentication, Payments, Roaming </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Internet Phone Numbers </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Develop New Architecture for Internet of the Future </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>John Day ’s RINA </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Joe Touch ’s RNA </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Something else? </li></ul></ul></ul>

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Internet ’s Future <ul><li>IPv6 will not take off </li></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Fails to correct the problems with Addressing, Routing, Quality of Service, and Security </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>TCP will slowly die off </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Hard-wired for limited size and speed </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Interesting New Apps are Real Time </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Recursive Architectures will take over </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Initial Implementations will encapsulate IP as MPLS and IS-IS do </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Economic Solutions to Congestion </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>How much is low latency worth to each application? </li></ul></ul></ul>

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Policy Issues <ul><ul><li>Law is Backward-Looking </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Technology is paradigm-shattering and forward-looking </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Most policy thinkers stuck in telephony paradigm </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Better policy thinkers tout out-of-date layered models </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Internet is Global </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Regulation is local </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Internet is a Multi-Purpose, Virtual Network </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Regulation Constrains Network to “the application” . </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Need Process-Oriented Models of Regulation </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Rule-Oriented Models always out of date </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Combine Network Stakeholders with Regulators </li></ul></ul></ul>

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Spectrum Controversies <ul><ul><li>Licensed and Unlicensed have different roles </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Unlicensed is good for local and experimental </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Licensed is always more efficient </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>SDMA, CDMA, MIMO have capacity and function limits </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Wireless is a small part of the Network in any event. </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Big Historical Mistake: </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>TV Should be Wired, Telephony Should be Wireless. </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Correcting this Mistake is Technically Easy </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Shared Spectrum for Broadcasting </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Political Challenge is Apparently Greater than Tech Challenge. </li></ul></ul>

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Broadband Controversies <ul><ul><li>Clambering for Number One </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Poor way to enact policy </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Number One positions are scare resources </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Where is the U. S. overall? </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Leader in Affordable, low-speed DSL </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Leader in connected Schools </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>More FTTH than Europe </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Trailing Europe in Spectrum </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Trailing in broadband subsidies </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>What will FCC do about Net Neutrality? </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Find Ancillary Jurisdiction </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Rely on Self-Regulation </li></ul></ul></ul>

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Regulatory Approach <ul><ul><li>Mobile Internet Experience the Fruit of Innovation </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Policy has to create the space for fundamental advances. </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Innovation in the Core Enables Innovation at the Edge. </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Non-Discrimination Rule Potentially Troubling </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>All packets are not equal </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Discrimination easily confused with Differentiation </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Four Freedoms of Internet Access need to be supplemented: </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Freedom to Improve the Network </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Freedom to Improve Network Economics </li></ul></ul></ul>

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New Freedoms <ul><ul><li>Engineering Freedom is Not a License to Steal </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Reasonable Oversight, not Strangling Regulation </li></ul></ul></ul>

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New Freedoms <ul><ul><li>Engineering Freedom is Not a License to Steal </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Reasonable Oversight, not Strangling Regulation </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Business Model Innovation is Essential </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Internet Economy Replete with Proprietary Deals </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Peering and Transit Agreements are made under NDA. </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Fundamental Algorithms of Internet Economy are Trade Secret. </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Aligning incentives of users and operators is crucial. </li></ul></ul></ul>

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Co-Regulation <ul><ul><li>See Chris Marsden: Net Neutrality: Towards a Co-Regulatory Solution </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Stakeholders + Regulators Create Framework, enforce rules </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Avoid Outdated Models </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>The Internet is not a telecom network </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>The Mobile Internet will not look much like the wired Internet </li></ul></ul></ul>

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Thank you. <ul><li>Please read: </li></ul><ul><li>Going Mobile: Technology and Policy Issues in the Mobile Internet http://www.itif.org/files/100302_GoingMobile.pdf </li></ul><ul><li>Contact me at: </li></ul><ul><li>[email_address] </li></ul>