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ProblemSolvingSkills
解决问题的能力
Frame 问题不是问题; 问题
是你对这个问题的
态度
危机 Crisis
CONTENTS
1. Background 背景
2. Problem Solving Approach: A3
解决问题方法:A3
3. Opportunity Seeking Approach:4D
寻求机会方法:4D
4. Root Causes: Performance Analysis
根本原因:绩效分析
4. Decision Making: Effort and Impact
决策:努力和影响矩阵
Games
15 Minutes
1. Find out something unique about each person on the
team (5 points)
2. Sing a song together (15 points)
3. Make a paper airplane and throw it from one end of
the room to another (10 points)
4. Get everyone in the room to sign a single piece of
paper (5 points)
5. Count the number of pets owned by your group (20
points)
6. Assign a nickname to each member of the team (5
points)
游戏
15 Mins
 1.找出团队中每个人的独特之处(5分)
 2. 一起唱一首歌(15分)
 3.把纸飞机从房间的一端扔到另一端(10点)
 让每个人在房间里签一张纸(5分)
 5.计算您所在小组拥有的宠物数量(20分)
 6.为团队成员分配一个昵称(5分)
ProblemSolvingA3
解决问题方法:A3
A3
A3 Report is a useful tool for problem
solving. It provides a clear framework for
problem solving steps.
A3报告是一种很有用的工具,为解决问
题确定了一个清晰的架构。它能让报告
者深入了解出现的问题或机遇,为全面
解决问题提供思路。
Games Your One Pointer of Solving Problems
A3
A3丰田解决问
题
Example
BACKGROUND
 Cost control on alcoholic Beverages. In line with “United for Efficiency”, Finance and HR
looking for ways to control alcoholic beverages consumption
CURRENT CONDITIONS
 2015 Replenish when the stock is out of orders
 2016 Similar
Three types of Drink: Beer, Wine, and Liquor
GOAL
 Reduce cost and control measurement
ANALYSIS
 Data extract from HR and Finance
 Comparison of data from 2015-2016
 2015 2016
Beer 683 272
Wine 1348 1578
Liquid 874 2740 (Annual Dinner)
Total 2222 4590.
.
PROPOSAL
 Practices:
2015-2016: Replenish whenever the stock is out
2017: Refill beer for one carton per quarter RM 480
Refill wine one bottle per month RM 574
 Overview of Expenses
Reduction 10% of total expenses from RM 4590 to RM 4128
2015 2016 2017
Beer 683 272 480
Wine 1348 1578 600
Liquid 874 2740 1420 (Annual Dinner)
Total 2222 4590 2500
PLAN
 Implement scheduled refilling of beer and wine from December onward
 Limit to two bottles of red wine in the chiller. The rest of the red wine in
server room. Quarterly refill
 Place more red wine bottles for guest visit and special functions
FOLLOW UP
 Monitor the usage for 1 quarter. Review at the end on March
 Solicit feedback from HODs
BACKGROUND
Dispatch deliver services managed by Ashley Wong and Shukur to serve the document needed to
deliver to Klang Valley area.
CURRENT CONDITIONS
8:30-10.00 Preparation and waiting time
10:00-5:00 Deliver to Klang Valley
5:00-600 Back to Office
Had a group discussion among HR, Finance, and Admin on 16th
March
Hold a discussion with implementation team and internal client for feedback 20th
-24th
March
Drafted a revised delivery services in A3 format on 24th
March
GOAL
Reduce waiting time
Plan for daily route
Reduce unnecessary movement
ANALYSIS
8.30-10:00 Waiting time
10:00-5:00 Dispatch Assistant decides the route
Customers demand to send the document to the same areas twice
Customers unsure of his where about
Customers call direct while he is riding the motorcycle
5:00-6:00 TNB (Current)
.
PROPOSAL
Schedule
8:30- 9:30 AM Bank in cheques at Banks in Puchong area
9:30-10:00 AM Route Planning and Special Request Briefing
10:00-2:30 PM KL/PJ Areas (Zone 1)
2.30 – 4:30 PM Shah Alam, Puchong, Damansara Areas (Zone 2)
Return to office only if there is urgent delivery to Zone 2 areas
4:30-6:00 PM Return to Office, Briefing to HR, Assist office works
Note:
a. Priority is given to Contract Department to deliver document at 11:00 AM. Dispatch
Assistant will deliver documents to Puchong areas before 11:00 AM.
b. Dispatch Assistant will only return to office at 2:30 PM if there are urgent additional
documents need to deliver to Zone 2
c. Dispatch Assistant will not return to the same zone twice unless necessary.
d. HR to be the contact point if internal customers want to deliver and or collect new
Items unless there is additional specific requirement needed for the current
documents. Dispatch Assistant is on the road most of the time. It may cause safety
issues and anxiety.
e. Documents need to send to HR before 930 AM for same day delivery.
f. Cheques need to send to HR a day before for next day delivery. 530 PM is the
Cutoff time (for cheques of the big amount will require the team to help to bank in
before 4 pm)
g. Kindly leave a post-it note on the documents for special requests and brief to HR or
Dispatch Assistant directly. Otherwise, HR will not know the exact instructions and
may cause confusion and frustration.
i. The delivery of the services best to handover to HR only two days before the delivery
date unless special circumstance such as annual leave, outstation, etc.
PLAN
1. Communicate to Internal customers via Emails or WhatsApp
2. Implement with effect from 1st April to 30th April for trial period
FOLLOW UP
1. Review on 1st May with Finance, Admin, Project and Contract team
YourOwn
Assignment
Exercises演习
Your Example (15 Minutes)
Sharing (20 Minutes)
Your Second Example (15 Minutes)
你的例子(15分钟)
分享(20分钟)
你的第二个例子(15分钟)
Game:
Grouping 15
Minutes
 Favorite color
 Number of siblings
 Shoe size
 Favorite subject in
school
 Number of Boy/Girl
friends
 Chinese Zodiac Sign
喜欢的颜色
兄弟姐妹数量
鞋号
最喜欢的科目在学校
男孩/女孩的朋友数量
中国十二生肖
OpportunitySeeking
Approach:4D
机会寻求模式:4D
欣赏式探询
(Appreciative
Inquiry)
欣赏式探询
Emphasis on Strength
关注点侧重于优势,那么确定这些长处
和优势,增强这些优势
4D
发现( discovery ):揭示正面的能力
梦想( dream ):如何应用“积极变革
核心”去创造企业的未来
设计( design ):在现实中如何创造
理想的组织、架构和系统 实现
( destiny ): 持续进行积极变革和改
善绩效的动力。
4D
discovery ):揭示正面的能力
梦想( dream ):如何应用“积极变革
核心”去创造企业的未来
设计( design ):在现实中如何创造
理想的组织、架构和系统 实现
( destiny ): 持续进行积极变革和改
善绩效的动力。
4D Model
1
Personal
Dream
1. Discover:What have I achieved so far?What
are my strengths?
2. Dream: What are my dreams?
3. Design:What are the possible steps?
4. Deliver:What re my action plan?
1
个人梦想
发现:到目前为止我取得了什么我的优
势是什么?
梦想:我的梦想是什么?
设计:可能的步骤是什么?
交付:我的行动计划是什么?
Exercise
10 Minutes
Answer
Questions
10 Minutes
Sharing
Ask ideas for 3
and 4
 Discover:What have I achieved so far? What are my
strengths?
 Dream: What are my dreams?
 Design:What are the possible steps?
 Deliver:What re my action plan?
练习 10分钟
分享10分钟
分享3和4的想
法
 1. 发现:到目前为止我取得了什么我的优势是什么?
 2. 梦想:我的梦想是什么?
 3. 设计:可能的步骤是什么?
 4. 交付:我的行动计划是什么?
Departmental
Challenges
1.What have we achieved?
2.What are our dreams?
3.What are our steps?
4. How do we want to achieve it?
部门挑战
1. 我们实现了什么?
2. 我们的梦想是什么?
3. 我们的步骤是什么?
4.我们要如何实现?
Departmental
Challenges
 1.What have we achieved?
 2.What are our dreams?
 3.What are our steps?
 4. How do we want to achieve it?
部门挑战
 1. 我们实现了什么?
 2. 我们的梦想是什么?
 3. 我们的步骤是什么?
 4.我们要如何实现?
Performance
Improvement
 1.What are the achievements of the employee?
What are his strengths? When were his high
performance moment?
 2.What desirable performance we would like to
see him achieving in his next level of
improvement?
 3.What possible steps he can take?
 4.What is the possible action plan and follow
up?
1.员工的成就是什么?他的优势是甚么?
他的高绩效时刻是什么时候?
2. 我们希望看到他在下一个改进水平上
取得什么成绩?
3. 他可以采取甚么步骤?
4.可能的行动计划和后续行动是什么?
工作绩效改善
他的高绩效时刻是什么时候?
Performance
Improvement
 1.What are the achievements of the employee?What are his
strengths?When were his high performance moment?
 2.What desirable performance we would like to see him achieving
in his next level of improvement?
 3.What possible steps he can take?
 4.What is the possible action plan and follow up?
 1.员工的成就是什么?他的优势是甚么?他的高绩效时刻是什
么时候?

 2. 我们希望看到他在下一个改进水平上取得什么成绩?
 3. 他可以采取甚么步骤?
 4.可能的行动计划和后续行动是什么?
工作绩效改善
他的高绩效时刻是什么时候?
3. RootCauses:
PerformanceAnalysis
根本原因:绩效分析
Guessing
Games
 1. Color
 2. Actor
 3. Movie
 4. TV show
 5. Vacation destination
 6. Food
 7. Sport
 8. Hobby
 9. Animal
 10. Weight
人体工程学
设计差 与上级关系不好 缺乏设备 设备不足
工具不足
缺乏工具
缺乏政策 缺乏明确的组织
计划 奖励低绩效员工 担心工作安全
缺乏动力 练习不好
缺乏能力
及时的信息 缺少知识
缺乏信息 缺乏表现奖励
缺乏分配的责任
没有及时的反馈
缺乏对后果反馈
Factors Priorities Solutions
Actual operations is different
from what being taught 4
Standardize work
Hostile Supervisors 1 Provide supervisors training or
change supervisors
No enough chair and micro-
scope
2 Putchase chairs
No welcoming ceremony 3 Engage personnel
Performance Problems: High turn over for operators at test Site or 40% per week
Factors Priorities Solutions
4
1
2
3
Performance Problems: High turn over for operators at test Site or 40% per week
Factors Priorities Solutions
4
1
2
3
Performance Problems: High turn over for operators at test Site or 40% per week
4. Decision Making: Effort
and Impact
决策:努力和影响矩阵
Assessment 影响
努力
A. 低悬果 B. 需要规划
C. 算了吧 D. 费力不讨好
Assessment
Assessment
3Actions
Summary
and Learning
Points

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Problem solving skills