3. Mongolia
North Korea
Japan
South Korea
Bangladesh
Tibet China
Myanmar
Laos
Thailand
India
Vietnam
Cambodia
Philippines
Malaysia
Indonesia
5. Sea of
Okhotsk
Taklamakan Gobi Desert
Sea of
Desert
Japan
Yellow
Huang He
Sea
Himalayas Yangtze
E. China
Sea
S. China
Bay of
Philippine
Sea
Bengal Sulu Sea
Sea
Celebes
Sea
Java
Indian
Sea
Ocean
Arafura Sea
7. Geography
Geography of China
– Taklamakan to the west; Gobi to the north
– Himalayas to the southwest
– Huang He in the north; Yangtze to the south
– 90% of arable land
• Huang He deposits yellow silt (loess)
Settlement
– First immigrants 1.7 mya
– First settlers around Beijing, 500,000 ya
8. Shang Dynasty
• Settlements along Huang He, 2000 BCE
• Shang Dynasty, 1532 to 1027 BCE
– Left written records
– Capital city of Anyang
• located in a forest
• Higher classes lived inside the walls; poor outside
– Warrior-kings
– Bronze technology for war, not agriculture
9. • Family was emphasized; women as
inferiors; arranged marriages of daughters
• Ancestor worship began with the Shang
• Oracle bones
– could communicate with ancestors
– bore the beginnings of Chinese ideographic
writing
• Shang were the first to make silk
10. Zhou Dynasty
• 1027 BCE, Zhou overthrow the Shang
– Justify overthrow with the Mandate of Heaven
• The Mandate of Heaven forms the basis of the dynastic
cycle.
– Zhou control countryside with a system called
feudalism.
• Land owns to the King; grants right to use to lords in
exchange for loyalty & military service.
• Zhou tech: roads, canals, iron
• 771 BCE nomads sack Hao; king moves capital;
Zhou pretend to rule until 256 BCE.
– Period of Warring States
11. Confucianism
• Confucius, born around 551 BCE, lived
during the Zhou Dynasty – and at the
same time as Plato.
• He believed in Five Basic Relationships
– Ruler :: Subject
– Father :: Son
– Husband :: Wife
– Older Brother :: Younger Brother
– Friend :: Friend
12. • The Five Basic Relationships were based
on an ideal of filial piety, respect for
parents and elders.
• Confucius served as the Minister of
Justice
• His writings were collected by students
into the Analects, and knowledge of these
texts served as the basis for the civil
service exam.
13. Daoism
• Daoists seek the harmony of the natural
order.
– Daoism was founded by Laozi and written as
the Dao De Ching (The way of Virtue)
– Daoists pursued scientific study of alchemy,
astronomy, and medicine
14. Legalism
• Li Si and Hanfeizi emphasized that the
rule of law was the only thing that could
restore order during the Period of the
Warring States; this was the basis for
Legalism.
– They controlled behavior with rich rewards
and harsh punishments
– They controlled thoughts and beliefs by
burning books and executing teachers.
15. Qin Dynasty
• The Qin Dynasty was short lived (221 to
202 BCE) because Shi Huangdi’s son was
just as cruel, but not as good a ruler.
– Shi Huangdi followed Legalism
– He doubled the size of China, burned books,
forced the nobles to live inside the capital city,
and completed to Great Wall.
• Shi Huangdi’s son was overthrown by a
Han peasant army in 202 BCE.
16. Han Dynasty (202 BCE -220 CE)
• Liu Bang became the first Han Emperor in 202
BCE.
– Liu Bang relaxed the Legalist policies and lowered
taxes.
• When Liu Bang died, his son was too young to
rule, so Empress Wu took the throne.
• Wudi, Liu Bang’s great-grandson, ruled from 141
to 87 BCE as a martial emperor.
• Wang Mang overthrows the Han.
17. Sui Dynasty (589 – 618) lasted for only
two emperors, but did manage to complete
the great canal between the Huang He
and the Yangtze.
18. Tang Dynasty (618 – 907)
• Tang Taizong reconquered northern China.
– Lowered taxes; took land from the rich and gave to
the poor.
– Scholar-officials gained more power than noblity.
• Empress Wu Zhao ruled as China conquered
Korea again.
• In 751 the Tang lose to Arab soldiers in the
Battle of Talas; signifies the loss of the Mandate
of Heaven.
19. Song Dynasty (960-1279)
• Concentrated on defense of China, not
reconquest of lost lands.
– Try to bribe the Jurchen; Jurchen invade
northern China and Song family flees south.
20. Song & Tang inventions
• Porcelain, Mechanical Clock, Printing,
Gunpowder, Paper money, and Magnetic
compass.
• Song import a fast-growing rice from
Vietnam.
• China concentrates on sea-trade.
• Rise of the gentry.
• Foot-binding among Chinese women.
22. • 4,000 island archipelago that stretches for
1,200 miles.
• Only 15% is arable land.
• Earliest religion is Shinto, a form of
animism, referred to as the “way of the
gods” that respected the kami of all things.
• By 500 CE, the Yamato clan starts
consolidating power.
23. Learning from China
• Korean travelers brought Buddhism to
Japan which blends with Shinto.
• Japan sends missions to study the Tang;
they bring back ideographic writing,
painting style, and system of government.
– Central government doesn’t work in Japan
because of the fragmentation of the islands.
24. Heian Court
• 794 – 1185, court is in Heian (modern
Kyoto).
– Etiquette, art, poetry
• Fujiwara family controls the real power.
• Large landowners begin funding private
armies of samurai who follow Bushido,
“the way of the warrior”.
25. Kamakura Shogunate
• After a civil war, the Emperor gives the title
of Shogun to the Minamoto family who
rules from Kamakura.
– Daimyo rule provinces as governors.
• The Kamakura fend off the Mongol
invasion attempts in 1274 and 1281.
27. SE Asia Geography
• Mainland peninsula
– Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
• Islands
– Sumatra, Borneo, and Java
– Straits
• Strait of Malacca between the Malay Peninsula
and Sumatra
• Sundra Strait between Sumatra and Java
28. • India influences the Indian Ocean side of
the mainland peninsula because of the
monsoon trade.
– Hinduism dominates
– Khmer in Cambodia build Angkor Wat to
Vishnu
29. • Sailendra rule on Java and build the
Borobodur as a Buddhist monument.
• Srivijaya conquer the Salendra and gain
control of the Strait of Malacca.
– Grow wealthy charging fees to allow passage
– Sumatra becomes a center of Buddhist
learning in SE Asia.
30. Vietnam
• The Vietnamese were under Chinese
control for 1,000 years but broke away
from the weakened Tang Dynasty is 900
CE.
– Ly Dynasty (1009 – 1225) build their capital in
Hanoi.
– The Mongols try conquering Vietnam three
times, but fail.
32. Korea
• Much of Korea is barren mountain lands.
– In 108 BC, the Han conquer Korea.
• The Silla unite with other clans and defeat the
Han in the mid-600s.
• Koryu Dynasty (935 - 1392) defeat the Silla and
set up a flawed examination system.
– In 1231 Mongols invade
• The Chosun Dynasty defeats the Mongols in
1392 and rule for 500 years.
– Re-carve 81,000 lost Buddhist texts.
33. • 4,000 island archipelago that stretches for
1,200 miles.
• Only 15% is arable land.
• Earliest religion is Shinto, a form of
animism, referred to as the “way of the
gods” that respected the kami of all things.
• By 500 CE, the Yamato clan starts
consolidating power.
34. Learning from China
• Korean travelers brought Buddhism to
Japan which blends with Shinto.
• Japan sends missions to study the Tang;
they bring back ideographic writing,
painting style, and system of government.
– Central government doesn’t work in Japan
because of the fragmentation of the islands.
35. Heian Court
• 794 – 1185, court is in Heian (modern
Kyoto).
– Etiquette, art, poetry
• Fujiwara family controls the real power.
• Large landowners begin funding private
armies of samurai who follow Bushido,
“the way of the warrior”.
36. Kamakura Shogunate
• After a civil war, the Emperor gives the title
of Shogun to the Minamoto family who
rules from Kamakura.
– Daimyo rule provinces as governors.
• The Kamakura fend off the Mongol
invasion attempts in 1274 and 1281.
38. SE Asia Geography
• Mainland peninsula
– Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
• Islands
– Sumatra, Borneo, and Java
– Straits
• Strait of Malacca between the Malay Peninsula
and Sumatra
• Sundra Strait between Sumatra and Java
39. • India influences the Indian Ocean side of
the mainland peninsula because of the
monsoon trade.
– Hinduism dominates
– Khmer in Cambodia build Angkor Wat to
Vishnu
40. • Sailendra rule on Java and build the
Borobodur as a Buddhist monument.
• Srivijaya conquer the Salendra and gain
control of the Strait of Malacca.
– Grow wealthy charging fees to allow passage
– Sumatra becomes a center of Buddhist
learning in SE Asia.
41. Vietnam
• The Vietnamese were under Chinese
control for 1,000 years but broke away
from the weakened Tang Dynasty is 900
CE.
– Ly Dynasty (1009 – 1225) build their capital in
Hanoi.
– The Mongols try conquering Vietnam three
times, but fail.
43. Korea
• Much of Korea is barren mountain lands.
– In 108 BC, the Han conquer Korea.
• The Silla unite with other clans and defeat the
Han in the mid-600s.
• Koryu Dynasty (935 - 1392) defeat the Silla and
set up a flawed examination system.
– In 1231 Mongols invade
• The Chosun Dynasty defeats the Mongols in
1392 and rule for 500 years.
– Re-carve 81,000 lost Buddhist texts.
45. Which of the following best describes the basis of the ruler’s
authority in Zhou China?
1.The ruler was chosen and favored by heaven, and held
power as long as he was a wise and principled guardian of
his people
2.The ruler was believed to be a god himself, and so his
authority could not be questioned
3.The ruler depended heavily on his staff, so real authority lay
in the hands of the bureaucrats
4.The ruler was selected by a handful of elite aristocrats who
also had the authority to remove him from office
5.The ruler was a military leader who held power as long as he
was victorious on the battlefield
46. 1. The ruler was chosen and favored by
heaven, and held power as long as he
was a wise and principled guardian of his
people
47. Which of the following most helps to explain why the collapse of
political institutions was more devastating to the Roman
civilization than to Han China or Gupta India?
1. Political institutions in Rome were weaker to begin with
2. The barbarian attacks destroyed more physical property and
vital public works in Rome
3. Han China and Gupta India had strong religious/ philosophical
traditions to provide continuity
4. Roman emperors had more power than did Han or Gupta
emperors, so their downfall eviscerated the Roman Empire
5. The Romans were economically more self-sufficient than the
Han or Gupta, so they had no long-distance trade to cushion
their fall
48. 3. Han China and Gupta India had strong
religious/ philosophical traditions to
provide continuity