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East Asia Review

 Spring Final, 2009
2008 East Asia Review
Mongolia


                                                    North Korea
                                                                    Japan
                                                    South Korea
                Bangladesh




        Tibet                           China
                                     Myanmar


                                      Laos
                                  Thailand




India
                                Vietnam
                              Cambodia




                                                   Philippines



                                        Malaysia

                                                             Indonesia
2008 East Asia Review
Sea of
                                                              Okhotsk



  Taklamakan      Gobi Desert
                                                   Sea of
  Desert
                                                   Japan




                                          Yellow
                      Huang He




                                          Sea
   Himalayas             Yangtze
                                           E. China
                                           Sea
                        S. China




         Bay of
                                                Philippine
                        Sea




         Bengal                    Sulu         Sea
                                   Sea
                                      Celebes
                                      Sea




                        Java
Indian
                        Sea
Ocean
                                                Arafura Sea
China
Geography
Geography of China
– Taklamakan to the west; Gobi to the north
– Himalayas to the southwest
– Huang He in the north; Yangtze to the south
   – 90% of arable land
   • Huang He deposits yellow silt (loess)
Settlement
– First immigrants 1.7 mya
– First settlers around Beijing, 500,000 ya
Shang Dynasty
• Settlements along Huang He, 2000 BCE
• Shang Dynasty, 1532 to 1027 BCE
  – Left written records
  – Capital city of Anyang
    • located in a forest
    • Higher classes lived inside the walls; poor outside
  – Warrior-kings
  – Bronze technology for war, not agriculture
• Family was emphasized; women as
  inferiors; arranged marriages of daughters
• Ancestor worship began with the Shang
• Oracle bones
  – could communicate with ancestors
  – bore the beginnings of Chinese ideographic
    writing
• Shang were the first to make silk
Zhou Dynasty
• 1027 BCE, Zhou overthrow the Shang
  – Justify overthrow with the Mandate of Heaven
     • The Mandate of Heaven forms the basis of the dynastic
       cycle.
  – Zhou control countryside with a system called
    feudalism.
     • Land owns to the King; grants right to use to lords in
       exchange for loyalty & military service.
• Zhou tech: roads, canals, iron
• 771 BCE nomads sack Hao; king moves capital;
  Zhou pretend to rule until 256 BCE.
  – Period of Warring States
Confucianism
• Confucius, born around 551 BCE, lived
  during the Zhou Dynasty – and at the
  same time as Plato.
• He believed in Five Basic Relationships
  – Ruler :: Subject
  – Father :: Son
  – Husband :: Wife
  – Older Brother :: Younger Brother
  – Friend :: Friend
• The Five Basic Relationships were based
  on an ideal of filial piety, respect for
  parents and elders.

• Confucius served as the Minister of
  Justice

• His writings were collected by students
  into the Analects, and knowledge of these
  texts served as the basis for the civil
  service exam.
Daoism
• Daoists seek the harmony of the natural
  order.
  – Daoism was founded by Laozi and written as
    the Dao De Ching (The way of Virtue)

  – Daoists pursued scientific study of alchemy,
    astronomy, and medicine
Legalism
• Li Si and Hanfeizi emphasized that the
  rule of law was the only thing that could
  restore order during the Period of the
  Warring States; this was the basis for
  Legalism.
  – They controlled behavior with rich rewards
    and harsh punishments
  – They controlled thoughts and beliefs by
    burning books and executing teachers.
Qin Dynasty
• The Qin Dynasty was short lived (221 to
  202 BCE) because Shi Huangdi’s son was
  just as cruel, but not as good a ruler.
  – Shi Huangdi followed Legalism
  – He doubled the size of China, burned books,
    forced the nobles to live inside the capital city,
    and completed to Great Wall.
• Shi Huangdi’s son was overthrown by a
  Han peasant army in 202 BCE.
Han Dynasty (202 BCE -220 CE)
• Liu Bang became the first Han Emperor in 202
  BCE.
  – Liu Bang relaxed the Legalist policies and lowered
    taxes.
• When Liu Bang died, his son was too young to
  rule, so Empress Wu took the throne.
• Wudi, Liu Bang’s great-grandson, ruled from 141
  to 87 BCE as a martial emperor.
• Wang Mang overthrows the Han.
Sui Dynasty (589 – 618) lasted for only
two emperors, but did manage to complete
the great canal between the Huang He
and the Yangtze.
Tang Dynasty (618 – 907)
• Tang Taizong reconquered northern China.
   – Lowered taxes; took land from the rich and gave to
     the poor.
   – Scholar-officials gained more power than noblity.
• Empress Wu Zhao ruled as China conquered
  Korea again.
• In 751 the Tang lose to Arab soldiers in the
  Battle of Talas; signifies the loss of the Mandate
  of Heaven.
Song Dynasty (960-1279)
• Concentrated on defense of China, not
  reconquest of lost lands.
  – Try to bribe the Jurchen; Jurchen invade
    northern China and Song family flees south.
Song & Tang inventions
• Porcelain, Mechanical Clock, Printing,
  Gunpowder, Paper money, and Magnetic
  compass.
• Song import a fast-growing rice from
  Vietnam.
• China concentrates on sea-trade.
• Rise of the gentry.
• Foot-binding among Chinese women.
Japan
• 4,000 island archipelago that stretches for
  1,200 miles.
• Only 15% is arable land.
• Earliest religion is Shinto, a form of
  animism, referred to as the “way of the
  gods” that respected the kami of all things.
• By 500 CE, the Yamato clan starts
  consolidating power.
Learning from China
• Korean travelers brought Buddhism to
  Japan which blends with Shinto.
• Japan sends missions to study the Tang;
  they bring back ideographic writing,
  painting style, and system of government.
  – Central government doesn’t work in Japan
    because of the fragmentation of the islands.
Heian Court
• 794 – 1185, court is in Heian (modern
  Kyoto).
  – Etiquette, art, poetry
• Fujiwara family controls the real power.
• Large landowners begin funding private
  armies of samurai who follow Bushido,
  “the way of the warrior”.
Kamakura Shogunate
• After a civil war, the Emperor gives the title
  of Shogun to the Minamoto family who
  rules from Kamakura.
  – Daimyo rule provinces as governors.
• The Kamakura fend off the Mongol
  invasion attempts in 1274 and 1281.
Southeast Asia
SE Asia Geography
• Mainland peninsula
  – Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
• Islands
  – Sumatra, Borneo, and Java
  – Straits
     • Strait of Malacca between the Malay Peninsula
       and Sumatra
     • Sundra Strait between Sumatra and Java
• India influences the Indian Ocean side of
  the mainland peninsula because of the
  monsoon trade.
  – Hinduism dominates
  – Khmer in Cambodia build Angkor Wat to
    Vishnu
• Sailendra rule on Java and build the
  Borobodur as a Buddhist monument.
• Srivijaya conquer the Salendra and gain
  control of the Strait of Malacca.
  – Grow wealthy charging fees to allow passage
  – Sumatra becomes a center of Buddhist
    learning in SE Asia.
Vietnam
• The Vietnamese were under Chinese
  control for 1,000 years but broke away
  from the weakened Tang Dynasty is 900
  CE.
  – Ly Dynasty (1009 – 1225) build their capital in
    Hanoi.
  – The Mongols try conquering Vietnam three
    times, but fail.
Korea
Korea
• Much of Korea is barren mountain lands.
  – In 108 BC, the Han conquer Korea.
• The Silla unite with other clans and defeat the
  Han in the mid-600s.
• Koryu Dynasty (935 - 1392) defeat the Silla and
  set up a flawed examination system.
  – In 1231 Mongols invade
• The Chosun Dynasty defeats the Mongols in
  1392 and rule for 500 years.
  – Re-carve 81,000 lost Buddhist texts.
• 4,000 island archipelago that stretches for
  1,200 miles.
• Only 15% is arable land.
• Earliest religion is Shinto, a form of
  animism, referred to as the “way of the
  gods” that respected the kami of all things.
• By 500 CE, the Yamato clan starts
  consolidating power.
Learning from China
• Korean travelers brought Buddhism to
  Japan which blends with Shinto.
• Japan sends missions to study the Tang;
  they bring back ideographic writing,
  painting style, and system of government.
  – Central government doesn’t work in Japan
    because of the fragmentation of the islands.
Heian Court
• 794 – 1185, court is in Heian (modern
  Kyoto).
  – Etiquette, art, poetry
• Fujiwara family controls the real power.
• Large landowners begin funding private
  armies of samurai who follow Bushido,
  “the way of the warrior”.
Kamakura Shogunate
• After a civil war, the Emperor gives the title
  of Shogun to the Minamoto family who
  rules from Kamakura.
  – Daimyo rule provinces as governors.
• The Kamakura fend off the Mongol
  invasion attempts in 1274 and 1281.
Southeast Asia
SE Asia Geography
• Mainland peninsula
  – Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
• Islands
  – Sumatra, Borneo, and Java
  – Straits
     • Strait of Malacca between the Malay Peninsula
       and Sumatra
     • Sundra Strait between Sumatra and Java
• India influences the Indian Ocean side of
  the mainland peninsula because of the
  monsoon trade.
  – Hinduism dominates
  – Khmer in Cambodia build Angkor Wat to
    Vishnu
• Sailendra rule on Java and build the
  Borobodur as a Buddhist monument.
• Srivijaya conquer the Salendra and gain
  control of the Strait of Malacca.
  – Grow wealthy charging fees to allow passage
  – Sumatra becomes a center of Buddhist
    learning in SE Asia.
Vietnam
• The Vietnamese were under Chinese
  control for 1,000 years but broke away
  from the weakened Tang Dynasty is 900
  CE.
  – Ly Dynasty (1009 – 1225) build their capital in
    Hanoi.
  – The Mongols try conquering Vietnam three
    times, but fail.
Korea
Korea
• Much of Korea is barren mountain lands.
  – In 108 BC, the Han conquer Korea.
• The Silla unite with other clans and defeat the
  Han in the mid-600s.
• Koryu Dynasty (935 - 1392) defeat the Silla and
  set up a flawed examination system.
  – In 1231 Mongols invade
• The Chosun Dynasty defeats the Mongols in
  1392 and rule for 500 years.
  – Re-carve 81,000 lost Buddhist texts.
Quiz
Which of the following best describes the basis of the ruler’s
 authority in Zhou China?
 1.The ruler was chosen and favored by heaven, and held
   power as long as he was a wise and principled guardian of
   his people
 2.The ruler was believed to be a god himself, and so his
   authority could not be questioned
 3.The ruler depended heavily on his staff, so real authority lay
   in the hands of the bureaucrats
 4.The ruler was selected by a handful of elite aristocrats who
   also had the authority to remove him from office
 5.The ruler was a military leader who held power as long as he
   was victorious on the battlefield
1. The ruler was chosen and favored by
   heaven, and held power as long as he
   was a wise and principled guardian of his
   people
Which of the following most helps to explain why the collapse of
 political institutions was more devastating to the Roman
 civilization than to Han China or Gupta India?
1. Political institutions in Rome were weaker to begin with
2. The barbarian attacks destroyed more physical property and
   vital public works in Rome
3. Han China and Gupta India had strong religious/ philosophical
   traditions to provide continuity
4. Roman emperors had more power than did Han or Gupta
   emperors, so their downfall eviscerated the Roman Empire
5. The Romans were economically more self-sufficient than the
   Han or Gupta, so they had no long-distance trade to cushion
   their fall
3. Han China and Gupta India had strong
   religious/ philosophical traditions to
   provide continuity

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2008 East Asia Review

  • 1. East Asia Review Spring Final, 2009
  • 3. Mongolia North Korea Japan South Korea Bangladesh Tibet China Myanmar Laos Thailand India Vietnam Cambodia Philippines Malaysia Indonesia
  • 5. Sea of Okhotsk Taklamakan Gobi Desert Sea of Desert Japan Yellow Huang He Sea Himalayas Yangtze E. China Sea S. China Bay of Philippine Sea Bengal Sulu Sea Sea Celebes Sea Java Indian Sea Ocean Arafura Sea
  • 7. Geography Geography of China – Taklamakan to the west; Gobi to the north – Himalayas to the southwest – Huang He in the north; Yangtze to the south – 90% of arable land • Huang He deposits yellow silt (loess) Settlement – First immigrants 1.7 mya – First settlers around Beijing, 500,000 ya
  • 8. Shang Dynasty • Settlements along Huang He, 2000 BCE • Shang Dynasty, 1532 to 1027 BCE – Left written records – Capital city of Anyang • located in a forest • Higher classes lived inside the walls; poor outside – Warrior-kings – Bronze technology for war, not agriculture
  • 9. • Family was emphasized; women as inferiors; arranged marriages of daughters • Ancestor worship began with the Shang • Oracle bones – could communicate with ancestors – bore the beginnings of Chinese ideographic writing • Shang were the first to make silk
  • 10. Zhou Dynasty • 1027 BCE, Zhou overthrow the Shang – Justify overthrow with the Mandate of Heaven • The Mandate of Heaven forms the basis of the dynastic cycle. – Zhou control countryside with a system called feudalism. • Land owns to the King; grants right to use to lords in exchange for loyalty & military service. • Zhou tech: roads, canals, iron • 771 BCE nomads sack Hao; king moves capital; Zhou pretend to rule until 256 BCE. – Period of Warring States
  • 11. Confucianism • Confucius, born around 551 BCE, lived during the Zhou Dynasty – and at the same time as Plato. • He believed in Five Basic Relationships – Ruler :: Subject – Father :: Son – Husband :: Wife – Older Brother :: Younger Brother – Friend :: Friend
  • 12. • The Five Basic Relationships were based on an ideal of filial piety, respect for parents and elders. • Confucius served as the Minister of Justice • His writings were collected by students into the Analects, and knowledge of these texts served as the basis for the civil service exam.
  • 13. Daoism • Daoists seek the harmony of the natural order. – Daoism was founded by Laozi and written as the Dao De Ching (The way of Virtue) – Daoists pursued scientific study of alchemy, astronomy, and medicine
  • 14. Legalism • Li Si and Hanfeizi emphasized that the rule of law was the only thing that could restore order during the Period of the Warring States; this was the basis for Legalism. – They controlled behavior with rich rewards and harsh punishments – They controlled thoughts and beliefs by burning books and executing teachers.
  • 15. Qin Dynasty • The Qin Dynasty was short lived (221 to 202 BCE) because Shi Huangdi’s son was just as cruel, but not as good a ruler. – Shi Huangdi followed Legalism – He doubled the size of China, burned books, forced the nobles to live inside the capital city, and completed to Great Wall. • Shi Huangdi’s son was overthrown by a Han peasant army in 202 BCE.
  • 16. Han Dynasty (202 BCE -220 CE) • Liu Bang became the first Han Emperor in 202 BCE. – Liu Bang relaxed the Legalist policies and lowered taxes. • When Liu Bang died, his son was too young to rule, so Empress Wu took the throne. • Wudi, Liu Bang’s great-grandson, ruled from 141 to 87 BCE as a martial emperor. • Wang Mang overthrows the Han.
  • 17. Sui Dynasty (589 – 618) lasted for only two emperors, but did manage to complete the great canal between the Huang He and the Yangtze.
  • 18. Tang Dynasty (618 – 907) • Tang Taizong reconquered northern China. – Lowered taxes; took land from the rich and gave to the poor. – Scholar-officials gained more power than noblity. • Empress Wu Zhao ruled as China conquered Korea again. • In 751 the Tang lose to Arab soldiers in the Battle of Talas; signifies the loss of the Mandate of Heaven.
  • 19. Song Dynasty (960-1279) • Concentrated on defense of China, not reconquest of lost lands. – Try to bribe the Jurchen; Jurchen invade northern China and Song family flees south.
  • 20. Song & Tang inventions • Porcelain, Mechanical Clock, Printing, Gunpowder, Paper money, and Magnetic compass. • Song import a fast-growing rice from Vietnam. • China concentrates on sea-trade. • Rise of the gentry. • Foot-binding among Chinese women.
  • 21. Japan
  • 22. • 4,000 island archipelago that stretches for 1,200 miles. • Only 15% is arable land. • Earliest religion is Shinto, a form of animism, referred to as the “way of the gods” that respected the kami of all things. • By 500 CE, the Yamato clan starts consolidating power.
  • 23. Learning from China • Korean travelers brought Buddhism to Japan which blends with Shinto. • Japan sends missions to study the Tang; they bring back ideographic writing, painting style, and system of government. – Central government doesn’t work in Japan because of the fragmentation of the islands.
  • 24. Heian Court • 794 – 1185, court is in Heian (modern Kyoto). – Etiquette, art, poetry • Fujiwara family controls the real power. • Large landowners begin funding private armies of samurai who follow Bushido, “the way of the warrior”.
  • 25. Kamakura Shogunate • After a civil war, the Emperor gives the title of Shogun to the Minamoto family who rules from Kamakura. – Daimyo rule provinces as governors. • The Kamakura fend off the Mongol invasion attempts in 1274 and 1281.
  • 27. SE Asia Geography • Mainland peninsula – Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia • Islands – Sumatra, Borneo, and Java – Straits • Strait of Malacca between the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra • Sundra Strait between Sumatra and Java
  • 28. • India influences the Indian Ocean side of the mainland peninsula because of the monsoon trade. – Hinduism dominates – Khmer in Cambodia build Angkor Wat to Vishnu
  • 29. • Sailendra rule on Java and build the Borobodur as a Buddhist monument. • Srivijaya conquer the Salendra and gain control of the Strait of Malacca. – Grow wealthy charging fees to allow passage – Sumatra becomes a center of Buddhist learning in SE Asia.
  • 30. Vietnam • The Vietnamese were under Chinese control for 1,000 years but broke away from the weakened Tang Dynasty is 900 CE. – Ly Dynasty (1009 – 1225) build their capital in Hanoi. – The Mongols try conquering Vietnam three times, but fail.
  • 31. Korea
  • 32. Korea • Much of Korea is barren mountain lands. – In 108 BC, the Han conquer Korea. • The Silla unite with other clans and defeat the Han in the mid-600s. • Koryu Dynasty (935 - 1392) defeat the Silla and set up a flawed examination system. – In 1231 Mongols invade • The Chosun Dynasty defeats the Mongols in 1392 and rule for 500 years. – Re-carve 81,000 lost Buddhist texts.
  • 33. • 4,000 island archipelago that stretches for 1,200 miles. • Only 15% is arable land. • Earliest religion is Shinto, a form of animism, referred to as the “way of the gods” that respected the kami of all things. • By 500 CE, the Yamato clan starts consolidating power.
  • 34. Learning from China • Korean travelers brought Buddhism to Japan which blends with Shinto. • Japan sends missions to study the Tang; they bring back ideographic writing, painting style, and system of government. – Central government doesn’t work in Japan because of the fragmentation of the islands.
  • 35. Heian Court • 794 – 1185, court is in Heian (modern Kyoto). – Etiquette, art, poetry • Fujiwara family controls the real power. • Large landowners begin funding private armies of samurai who follow Bushido, “the way of the warrior”.
  • 36. Kamakura Shogunate • After a civil war, the Emperor gives the title of Shogun to the Minamoto family who rules from Kamakura. – Daimyo rule provinces as governors. • The Kamakura fend off the Mongol invasion attempts in 1274 and 1281.
  • 38. SE Asia Geography • Mainland peninsula – Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia • Islands – Sumatra, Borneo, and Java – Straits • Strait of Malacca between the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra • Sundra Strait between Sumatra and Java
  • 39. • India influences the Indian Ocean side of the mainland peninsula because of the monsoon trade. – Hinduism dominates – Khmer in Cambodia build Angkor Wat to Vishnu
  • 40. • Sailendra rule on Java and build the Borobodur as a Buddhist monument. • Srivijaya conquer the Salendra and gain control of the Strait of Malacca. – Grow wealthy charging fees to allow passage – Sumatra becomes a center of Buddhist learning in SE Asia.
  • 41. Vietnam • The Vietnamese were under Chinese control for 1,000 years but broke away from the weakened Tang Dynasty is 900 CE. – Ly Dynasty (1009 – 1225) build their capital in Hanoi. – The Mongols try conquering Vietnam three times, but fail.
  • 42. Korea
  • 43. Korea • Much of Korea is barren mountain lands. – In 108 BC, the Han conquer Korea. • The Silla unite with other clans and defeat the Han in the mid-600s. • Koryu Dynasty (935 - 1392) defeat the Silla and set up a flawed examination system. – In 1231 Mongols invade • The Chosun Dynasty defeats the Mongols in 1392 and rule for 500 years. – Re-carve 81,000 lost Buddhist texts.
  • 44. Quiz
  • 45. Which of the following best describes the basis of the ruler’s authority in Zhou China? 1.The ruler was chosen and favored by heaven, and held power as long as he was a wise and principled guardian of his people 2.The ruler was believed to be a god himself, and so his authority could not be questioned 3.The ruler depended heavily on his staff, so real authority lay in the hands of the bureaucrats 4.The ruler was selected by a handful of elite aristocrats who also had the authority to remove him from office 5.The ruler was a military leader who held power as long as he was victorious on the battlefield
  • 46. 1. The ruler was chosen and favored by heaven, and held power as long as he was a wise and principled guardian of his people
  • 47. Which of the following most helps to explain why the collapse of political institutions was more devastating to the Roman civilization than to Han China or Gupta India? 1. Political institutions in Rome were weaker to begin with 2. The barbarian attacks destroyed more physical property and vital public works in Rome 3. Han China and Gupta India had strong religious/ philosophical traditions to provide continuity 4. Roman emperors had more power than did Han or Gupta emperors, so their downfall eviscerated the Roman Empire 5. The Romans were economically more self-sufficient than the Han or Gupta, so they had no long-distance trade to cushion their fall
  • 48. 3. Han China and Gupta India had strong religious/ philosophical traditions to provide continuity