Infographic of 2015 Quality of Death Index, commissioned by Lien Foundation.

1. THE 2015 QUALITY OF DEATH INDEX
RANKING PALLIATIVE CARE ACROSS THE WORLD
An Economist Intelligence Unit study, commissioned by the Lien Foundation
KEY FINDINGS INFOGRAPHIC

2. As governments across the world work
to improve life for their citizens, they
must also consider how to help them die
well. The Economist Intelligence Unit has
assessed the availability, affordability
and quality of palliative care available to
adults across 80 countries. Countries were
scored out of 100 on 20 indicators in five
categories:
Palliative and
healthcare environment
(20% weighting)
Covers the general palliative
andhealthcare framework
Human resources
(20% weighting)
Measures the availability
and training of medical care
professionals and support staff
Affordability of care
(20% weighting)
Assesses the availability of
public funding for palliative
care and the financial burden
to patients
Community engagement
(10% weighting)
Measures the availability
of volunteers and public
awareness of palliative care
OVERALL RESULTS
Quality of care
(30% weighting)
Evaluates the presence of
monitoring guidelines, the
availability of opioids and the
extent to which healthcare
professionals and patients are
partners in care
93.9
91.6
87.6
85.8
84.5
83.1
82.0
80.9
80.8
79.4
77.8
77.6
77.4
76.3
76.1
75.4
74.8
73.7
73.5
73.3
71.1
66.6
63.4
60.8
59.8
58.7
58.6
57.7
57.3
54.0
53.6
52.5
51.8
48.5
47.8
46.8
46.7
46.5
46.1
44.0
42.7
42.5
42.3
40.2
40.1
40.0
38.2
37.2
36.0
34.8
34.3
33.8
33.6
33.4
33.2
32.9
32.9
31.9
31.3
30.8
30.3
30.1
30.0
28.3
27.1
27.0
26.8
26.7
25.5
25.1
23.3
22.8
21.2
20.9
17.2
17.1
16.9
15.3
14.1
12.5
UNITED KINGDOM 1
AUSTRALIA 2
NEW ZEALAND 3
IRELAND 4
BELGIUM 5
TAIWAN 6
GERMANY 7
NETHERLANDS 8
USA 9
FRANCE 10
CANADA 11
SINGAPORE 12
NORWAY 13
JAPAN 14
SWITZERLAND 15
SWEDEN 16
AUSTRIA 17
SOUTH KOREA 18
DENMARK 19
FINLAND 20
ITALY 21
HONG KONG 22
SPAIN 23
PORTUGAL 24
ISRAEL 25
POLAND 26
CHILE 27
MONGOLIA 28
COSTA RICA 29
LITHUANIA 30
PANAMA 31
ARGENTINA 32
CZECH REPUBLIC 33
SOUTH AFRICA 34
UGANDA 35
CUBA 36
JORDAN 37
MALAYSIA 38
URUGUAY 39
ECUADOR 40
HUNGARY 41
BRAZIL 42
MEXICO 43
THAILAND 44
VENEZUELA 45
PUERTO RICO 46
TURKEY 47
RUSSIA 48
PERU 49
KAZAKHSTAN 50
GHANA 51
MOROCCO 52
INDONESIA 53
TANZANIA 54
SLOVAKIA 55
GREECE =56
EGYPT =56
VIETNAM 58
ZIMBABWE 59
SAUDI ARABIA 60
ZAMBIA 61
BULGARIA 62
KENYA 63
ROMANIA 64
SRI LANKA 65
MALAWI 66
INDIA 67
COLOMBIA 68
UKRAINE 69
ETHIOPIA 70
CHINA 71
BOTSWANA 72
IRAN 73
GUATEMALA 74
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 75
MYANMAR 76
NIGERIA 77
PHILIPPINES 78
BANGLADESH 79
IRAQ 80

3. US
CANADA
CHILE
COSTARICA
PANAMA
ARGENTINA
CUBA
URUGUAY
ECUADOR
BRAZIL
MEXICO
VENEZUELA
PUERTORICO
PERU
COLUMBIA
GUATEMALA
DOMINICANREPUBLIC
OVERALL RESULTS
UK
IRELAND
BELGIUM
GERMANY
NETHERLANDS
FRANCE
NORWAY
SWITZERLAND
SWEDEN
AUSTRIA
DENMARK
FINLAND
ITALY
SPAIN
PORTUGAL
POLAND
LITHUANIA
CZECHREPUBLIC
HUNGARY
TURKEY
RUSSIA
KAZAKHSTAN
SLOVAKIA
GREECE
BULGARIA
ROMANIA
UKRAINE
ISRAEL
SOUTHAFRICA
UGANDA
JORDAN
GHANA
MOROCCO
TANZANIA
EGYPT
ZIMBABWE
SAUDIARABIA
ZAMBIA
KENYA
MALAWI
ETHOPIA
BOTSWANA
IRAN
NIGERIA
IRAQ
AUSTRALIA
NEWZEALAND
TAIWAN
SINGAPORE
JAPAN
SOUTHKOREA
HONGKONG
MONGOLIA
MALAYSIA
THAILAND
INDONESIA
VIETNAM
SRILANKA
INDIA
CHINA
MYANMAR
PHILIPPINES
BANGLADESH
59.8
48.5
47.8
46.7
34.3
33.8
33.4
32.9
31.3
30.8
30.3
30.0
27.0
25.1
22.8
21.2
16.9
12.5
80.8
77.8
58.6
58.6
53.6
52.5
46.8
46.1
44.0
42.5
42.3
40.1
40.0
36.0
26.7
20.9
17.2
91.6
87.6
83.1
77.6
76.3
73.7
66.6
57.7
46.5
40.2
33.6
31.9
27.1
26.8
23.3
17.1
15.3
14.1
93.9
85.8
84.5
82.0
80.9
79.4
77.4
76.1
75.4
74.8
73.5
73.3
71.1
63.4
60.8
58.7
54.0
51.8
42.7
38.2
37.2
34.8
33.2
32.9
30.1
28.3
25.5
AMERICAS
EUROPE
ASIA-PACIFIC
MIDDLE EAST
& AFRICA
Using World Bank definitions, the low income group of countries
includes those that had 2013 GNI per capita of less than US$4,125;
the middle income group includes those that had more than
US$4,125 but less than US$12,746, and the high income group
includes those that had more than US$12,746.
Low income
Rank out of 80X
KEY
High income
Middle income
32 4527 40 6831 43 7511 39 4929 42 749 36 46
52 6335 59 7251 61 77 8034 =56 7037 60 7325 54 66 18 586 38 7114 53 78 793 28 6712 44 762 22 65
10 205 16 248 19 30 334 15 237 17 261 13 21 =5648 695547 645041 62

4. PALLIATIVE CARE AROUND THE WORLD & CASE STUDIES
The biggest problem is that our healthcare systems are
designed to provide acute care when what we need is chronic
care... That’s still the case almost everywhere in the world
– Stephen Connor, senior fellow at the Worldwide Hospice Palliative Care Alliance
RESULTS BY GEOGRAPHY AND CASE STUDIES
Rank: 27
Score: 58.6
Highest number of
palliative care services
in region and long-running
national programme
have greatly benefitted
quality of care
•
•
•
CHILE
Best in Latin America
Rank: 1
Score: 93.9
A leader in palliative
care thanks to extensive
integration into National
Health Service and strong
hospice movement, but
improvements still needed
as life expectancy grows
•
•
•
UK
World leader
Rank: 71
Score: 23.3
Facing difficulties
from slow adoption of
palliative care and a
rapidly ageing population
•
•
•
CHINA
Challenges ahead
Rank: 66
Score: 27.0
Leading the way in
children’s palliative care
among less developed
nations
•
•
•
MALAWI
The kids are all right
Rank: 28
Score: 57.7
Led by Dr Odontuya
Davaasuren, palliative
care in Mongolia has
transformed from almost
non-existent to the best
in the low-income
countries bracket
•
•
•
MONGOLIA
A personal mission
Rank: 23
Score: 63.4
Though many pockets of
excellence existed before,
eg in Catalonia, national
strategy unified approach
across 17 regional health
systems and raised
national standards
•
•
•
SPAIN
Strategy is key
Rank: 6
Score: 83.1
Ranked 1st in Asia,
Taiwanese palliative care
is widely available,
affordable and compre-
hensive
•
•
•
TAIWAN
Leading the way
Rank: 34
Score: 48.5
Supported by government,
religious and philanthropic
funding, South Africa
offers the best palliative
care in Africa
•
•
•
SOUTH AFRICA
Raising the profile
KEY
80 - 95
60 - 80
40 - 60
20 - 40
Below 20

5. 1. PALLIATIVE AND HEALTHCARE ENVIRONMENT
IS A PALLIATIVE CARE FRAMEWORK IN PLACE?
2. HUMAN RESOURCES
ARE ENOUGH PALLIATIVE CARE PROFESSIONALS AVAILABLE?
High-income countries
generally score better in
this category but there are
some outstanding performers
in lower income groups,
including Costa Rica and
Mongolia. The presence of a
robust and effective national
policy is crucial to doing well
in this category.
Palliative care is a stand-
alone academic speciality in
high-scoring countries in this
category, such as Australia
and the UK. A shortage
of accredited courses and
palliative care professionals
restricts the availability of
care in many developing
countries.
92.3
88.2
87.9
86.1
81.4
78.0
75.5
74.0
72.2
71.6
71.6
71.4
71.2
70.2
69.4
67.5
66.0
62.6
62.4
62.1
61.1
59.6
57.5
54.0
52.6
52.2
51.5
51.3
50.7
49.4
49.4
47.4
46.2
45.4
43.2
42.6
42.3
42.1
41.9
41.7
41.6
41.6
39.8
39.8
39.5
37.1
36.3
36.1
35.4
35.1
34.4
34.0
33.8
31.3
31.0
30.0
28.8
27.9
27.5
27.0
25.9
25.8
25.1
24.4
23.0
22.5
22.3
22.1
21.3
21.0
19.7
19.6
18.8
17.9
12.8
11.6
11.6
11.5
85.2
84.8
84.1
81.7
79.6
78.9
77.8
76.7
71.0
69.4
67.6
66.4
64.8
62.2
61.2
60.9
58.4
57.5
56.7
55.5
53.5
52.1
51.9
51.3
51.2
50.5
50.5
50.4
44.8
44.6
42.2
41.7
41.4
39.7
39.3
38.0
38.0
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.0
34.9
34.7
33.6
33.4
33.2
33.1
32.1
32.0
31.0
30.9
30.1
28.1
27.6
26.7
25.8
24.5
23.7
22.7
22.5
22.5
22.2
21.8
21.5
21.2
21.1
19.9
19.0
16.8
14.5
12.6
10.3
9.6
8.5
6.1
5.5 4.0
1.34.1
UNITED KINGDOM 1
NETHERLANDS 2
AUSTRALIA 3
IRELAND 4
TAIWAN 5
USA 6
AUSTRIA 7
NEW ZEALAND 8
NORWAY 9
BELGIUM 10
GERMANY 11
SINGAPORE 12
SWITZERLAND 13
JAPAN 14
SPAIN 15
FRANCE 16
FINLAND 17
CANADA 18
ITALY 19
SOUTH KOREA 20
ISRAEL 21
COSTA RICA 22
CHILE 23
MONGOLIA 24
PANAMA 25
DENMARK =26
SWEDEN =26
HONG KONG 28
URUGUAY 29
PUERTO RICO 30
POLAND 31
SOUTH AFRICA 32
PORTUGAL 33
CUBA 34
JORDAN 35
BRAZIL =36
MALAWI =36
ZAMBIA 38
VENEZUELA 39
RUSSIA 40
ECUADOR 41
MALAYSIA 42
MEXICO =43
UGANDA =43
VIETNAM 45
TURKEY 46
KENYA 47
GHANA 48
PERU 49
TANZANIA 50
INDIA 51
THAILAND 52
SRI LANKA 53
INDONESIA 54
LITHUANIA 55
ZIMBABWE 56
HUNGARY 57
GREECE 58
ARGENTINA 59
CZECH REPUBLIC 60
UKRAINE 61
COLOMBIA 62
IRAN =63
SLOVAKIA =63
MOROCCO 65
NIGERIA 66
BOTSWANA 67
SAUDI ARABIA 68
CHINA 69
KAZAKHSTAN 70
BANGLADESH 71
ETHIOPIA 72
MYANMAR 73
BULGARIA 74
GUATEMALA 75
ROMANIA 76
PHILIPPINES 77
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 78
EGYPT 79
IRAQ 80
AUSTRALIA 1
UNITED KINGDOM 2
GERMANY 3
IRELAND 4
NEW ZEALAND 5
CANADA 6
NORWAY 7
SINGAPORE 8
TAIWAN 9
FRANCE =10
SWEDEN =10
AUSTRIA 12
SOUTH KOREA 13
USA 14
SWITZERLAND 15
JAPAN 16
BELGIUM 17
FINLAND 18
DENMARK 19
HONG KONG 20
MONGOLIA 21
NETHERLANDS 22
ISRAEL 23
UGANDA 24
URUGUAY 25
CZECH REPUBLIC 26
ITALY 27
LITHUANIA 28
ARGENTINA 29
POLAND =30
JORDAN =30
CHILE 32
BRAZIL 33
MEXICO 34
ZAMBIA 35
SPAIN 36
PORTUGAL 37
HUNGARY 38
CUBA 39
MALAYSIA 40
COSTA RICA =41
PANAMA =41
VENEZUELA =43
UKRAINE =43
THAILAND 45
MOROCCO 46
GHANA 47
EGYPT 48
SAUDI ARABIA 49
MALAWI 50
ECUADOR 51
SLOVAKIA 52
COLOMBIA 53
ROMANIA 54
RUSSIA 55
SRI LANKA 56
TURKEY 57
NIGERIA 58
SOUTH AFRICA 59
KAZAKHSTAN 60
GREECE 61
ZIMBABWE 62
TANZANIA 63
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 64
PUERTO RICO 65
PERU 66
INDIA 67
GUATEMALA 68
VIETNAM 69
CHINA 70
INDONESIA 71
BOTSWANA 72
KENYA 73
ETHIOPIA 74
PHILIPPINES 75
MYANMAR =76
BULGARIA =76
IRAN 78
IRAQ 79
BANGLADESH 80

6. 3. AFFORDABILITY OF CARE
IS PALLIATIVE CARE AFFORDABLE TO ALL?
4. QUALITY OF CARE
IS A HIGH STANDARD OF PALLIATIVE CARE PROVIDED?
Government-funded healthcare
systems fare well in this
category, especially those
bolstered by charitable
funding. Australia, Belgium,
Denmark, Ireland and the UK
excel in this category, as does
Cuba, while several lower-
income countries often have
pockets of excellence funded
by charitable donations.
The UK leads the world in this
category, which encompasses
issues such as the availability
of opioid analgesics,
psychological support and
the ability and willingness
of doctors to involve
patients in their own care
and accommodate individual
care choices. Mongolia is a
stand-out among low-income
countries.
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
87.5
87.5
87.5
87.5
87.5
87.5
87.5
87.5
87.5
87.5
87.5
85.0
82.5
82.5
82.5
82.5
77.5
77.5
77.5
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
62.5
62.5
60.0
60.0
57.5
57.5
57.5
55.0
55.0
52.5
52.5
52.5
52.5
52.5
50.0
50.0
47.5
45.0
42.5
42.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
35.0
35.0
32.5
30.0
30.0
27.5
27.5
27.5
22.5
17.5
12.5
100.0
97.5
96.3
95.0
93.8
92.5
91.3
90.0
90.0
90.0
90.0
90.0
87.5
87.5
86.3
83.8
83.8
83.8
83.8
81.3
81.3
80.0
80.0
78.8
76.3
75.0
73.8
70.0
67.5
65.0
63.8
60.0
60.0
57.5
56.3
53.8
50.0
47.5
47.5
47.5
43.8
42.5
41.3
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
36.3
36.3
35.0
33.8
33.8
33.8
31.3
30.0
30.0
30.0
28.8
26.3
26.3
26.3
26.3
23.8
21.3
21.3
20.0
18.8
18.8
16.3
15.0
13.8
13.8
13.8
12.5
11.3
10.0
7.5
6.3
6.3
0.0 3.8
AUSTRALIA =1
UNITED KINGDOM =1
IRELAND =1
BELGIUM =1
DENMARK =1
GERMANY =6
NEW ZEALAND =6
SINGAPORE =6
TAIWAN =6
SWEDEN =6
SOUTH KOREA =6
FINLAND =6
NETHERLANDS =6
ITALY =6
CUBA =6
PANAMA =6
JAPAN 17
USA =18
SWITZERLAND =18
HONG KONG =18
CHILE =18
CANADA =22
NORWAY =22
FRANCE =22
LITHUANIA =25
SPAIN =25
PORTUGAL =25
VENEZUELA =25
KAZAKHSTAN =25
URUGUAY =30
MEXICO =30
MALAYSIA =30
COSTA RICA =30
SAUDI ARABIA =30
ECUADOR =30
AUSTRIA =36
MONGOLIA =36
CZECH REPUBLIC =36
JORDAN =36
POLAND =40
THAILAND =40
RUSSIA =42
GREECE =42
ARGENTINA =44
SOUTH AFRICA =44
BULGARIA =44
HUNGARY =47
VIETNAM =47
ISRAEL =49
BRAZIL =49
MOROCCO =49
SRI LANKA =49
BOTSWANA =49
GHANA =54
PERU =54
IRAN 56
PUERTO RICO 57
ETHIOPIA =58
MYANMAR =58
MALAWI =60
COLOMBIA =60
TANZANIA =60
KENYA =60
IRAQ =60
SLOVAKIA =65
ROMANIA =65
CHINA =65
INDONESIA =65
UGANDA =69
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC =69
TURKEY 71
EGYPT =72
BANGLADESH =72
INDIA =74
GUATEMALA =74
PHILIPPINES =74
ZAMBIA 77
ZIMBABWE 78
UKRAINE 79
NIGERIA 80
UNITED KINGDOM 1
SWEDEN 2
AUSTRALIA 3
NEW ZEALAND 4
FRANCE 5
CANADA 6
BELGIUM 7
SINGAPORE =8
TAIWAN =8
NETHERLANDS =8
USA =8
SWITZERLAND =8
ITALY =13
AUSTRIA =13
FINLAND 15
DENMARK =16
GERMANY =16
JAPAN =16
NORWAY =16
SOUTH KOREA =20
HONG KONG =20
IRELAND =22
PORTUGAL =22
SPAIN 24
ISRAEL 25
ARGENTINA 26
POLAND 27
CZECH REPUBLIC 28
LITHUANIA 29
COSTA RICA 30
SOUTH AFRICA 31
CHILE =32
MONGOLIA =32
TURKEY 34
UGANDA 35
EGYPT 36
PUERTO RICO 37
PANAMA =38
MALAYSIA =38
HUNGARY =38
ECUADOR 41
INDONESIA 42
PERU 43
JORDAN =44
BULGARIA =44
ZIMBABWE =44
CUBA 47
THAILAND =48
ROMANIA =48
TANZANIA 50
URUGUAY =51
BRAZIL =51
SLOVAKIA =51
MEXICO 54
RUSSIA =55
MOROCCO =55
KENYA =55
GHANA 58
KAZAKHSTAN =59
VIETNAM =59
ETHIOPIA =59
INDIA =59
GREECE 63
VENEZUELA =64
GUATEMALA =64
UKRAINE 66
COLOMBIA =67
ZAMBIA =67
CHINA 69
NIGERIA 70
BOTSWANA =71
IRAN =71
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC =71
SAUDI ARABIA 74
MYANMAR 75
PHILIPPINES 76
BANGLADESH 77
SRI LANKA =78
MALAWI =78
IRAQ 80

7. The public has a
well of fear, anger
and distrust about
the care they will
receive and how
they and their
families will die.
And the hard truth
is that this is well
founded.
- Ira Byock, executive
director, Providence
Institute for Human Caring
5. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
IS THERE DISCUSSION AND AWARENESS OF END-OF-LIFE CHOICES?
Public awareness of palliative
care and availability of
volunteer workers tend to
go hand in hand in richer
countries, although some
developing countries—such
as Uganda—have long had
public and philanthropic
commitments to improving
awareness and standards of
care.
100.0
100.0
92.5
92.5
82.5
82.5
82.5
82.5
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
65.0
57.5
57.5
57.5
57.5
57.5
57.5
57.5
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
42.5
42.5
42.5
42.5
42.5
42.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
35.0
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
7.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
NEW ZEALAND =1
BELGIUM =1
UNITED KINGDOM =3
FRANCE =3
TAIWAN =5
GERMANY =5
JAPAN =5
IRELAND =5
AUSTRALIA =9
CANADA =9
NETHERLANDS =9
USA =9
NORWAY =9
SOUTH KOREA 14
SWITZERLAND =15
ITALY =15
AUSTRIA =15
FINLAND =15
DENMARK =15
POLAND =15
UGANDA =15
SINGAPORE =22
PORTUGAL =22
COSTA RICA =22
ZIMBABWE =22
BRAZIL =22
SWEDEN =27
ISRAEL =27
CHILE =27
MONGOLIA =27
SLOVAKIA =27
UKRAINE =27
SPAIN =33
SOUTH AFRICA =33
JORDAN =33
ZAMBIA =33
HUNGARY 37
HONG KONG =38
ARGENTINA =38
PANAMA =38
INDONESIA =38
TANZANIA =38
GREECE =38
VENEZUELA =38
CZECH REPUBLIC =45
LITHUANIA =45
EGYPT =45
PUERTO RICO =45
MALAYSIA =45
ECUADOR =45
PERU =45
THAILAND =45
URUGUAY =45
MEXICO =45
RUSSIA =45
MOROCCO =45
KENYA =45
KAZAKHSTAN =45
INDIA =45
GUATEMALA =45
CHINA =45
NIGERIA =45
PHILIPPINES =45
SRI LANKA =45
MALAWI =45
TURKEY =66
BULGARIA =66
CUBA =66
ROMANIA =66
GHANA =66
VIETNAM =66
ETHIOPIA =66
COLOMBIA =66
SAUDI ARABIA =66
BANGLADESH =66
IRAQ =66
IRAN 77
BOTSWANA =78
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC =78
MYANMAR =78
Using World Bank definitions, the low income group of
countries includes those that had 2013 GNI per capita of
less than US$4,125; the middle income group includes
those that had more than US$4,125 but less than
US$12,746, and the high income group includes those that
had more than US$12,746.
Low income
Rank out of 80X
KEY
High income
Middle income

8. The EIU also analysed the need (or “demand”) of each country for
palliative care. The demand analysis is based on three factors:
• Burden of diseases for which palliative care is necessary (60% weighting)
• Old-age dependency ratio (20% weighting)
• Speed of ageing of the population from 2015-2030 (20% weighting)
Mapping demand against the overall Quality of Death Index score (which shows the “supply”
of palliative care) reveals where the gaps between the two are most pressing—for those
countries in the bottom-right corner of the following chart.
Go to http://bit.ly/qualityofdeath2015 to download a white paper on the 2015
Quality of Death Index, which includes a detailed methodology. An interactive
Excel workbook of the Index and summaries of the status of palliative care in all
80 countries included in the Index are also available.
© The Economist Intelligence Unit 2015
Commissioned by
DEMAND IS SET TO RISE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DUE TO:
Demand
GoodprovisionQualityofDeathIndexscore(Supply)
Low demand for palliative care High demand for palliative care
S
POLAND
SPAIN
PORTUGAL
FINLAND
SWEDEN
FRANCE
NORWAYSINGAPORE
JAPAN
HONG KONG
ISRAEL
CHILE
TAIWAN
MONGOLIA
RUSSIA
ARGENTINA
JORDAN
PANAMA
MALAYSIA
MEXICO
VENEZUELA
PERU
TANZANIA
GHANA
KENYA
INDIA
GUATEMALA
NIGERIA
BANGLADESH
ETHIOPIA
MALAWI
IRAN
SRI LANKA
MYANMAR
IRAQ
PHILLIPINE
UGANDA
PUERTO
RICO
BRAZIL
ECUADOR
THAILAND
INDONESIAMORROCO
EGYPT
ZAMBIA
KAZAKHSTAN
SAUDI
ARABIA
VIETNAM
ZIMBABWE
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
COLOMBIA
GREECE
CHINA
HUNGARY
CUBA
SOUTH AFRICA
TURKEY
SLOVAKIA
ROMANIA
UKRAINE
BULGARIA
BOTSWANA
URUGUAY
LITHUANIA
COSTA
RICA
SOUTH KOREA
US
BELGIUM
UK
SWITZERLAND
GERMANY
NEW ZEALAND
IRELAND
CANADA
AUSTRIA
DENMARK
ITALY
NETHERLANDS
AUSTRALIA
CZECH
REPUBLIC
Poorprovision
Larger
populations
Populations
ageing faster
Increasing incidence of non-
communicable diseases