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Shrek (链接到外部网站。)
A mean lord exiles fairytale creatures to the swamp of a grumpy
ogre, who must go on a quest and rescue a princess for the lord
in order to get his land back.
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Film Analysis Worksheet
How to use this worksheet -This worksheet presents information
and communication theories in
Chapter 1 through Chapter 4. Each topic is followed by
questions to help you critically analyze the film of
your choice. The questions to help you analyze your film are
designated in the following manner.
• A bullet point in italics.
The questions are intended to help you determine the main
points of your paper. Not every question
will be pertinent to the film you have chosen. You must decide
which questions apply to the movie you
have chosen.
Communication is a process that uses messages to convey
meaning. The communication process can be
described by one of three models.
The linear communication model depicts communication as an
activity where information flows in one
direction, from a starting point to an end point.
➢ There must be a message.
➢ A channel is the sensory dimension (or dimensions) along
which the message is sent
➢ The sender (or senders) of the message is the individual (or
individuals) who generate the
information to be communicated, package it into a message, and
choose the channel (or
channels) for sending it.
➢ Noise is any factor in the environment that impedes messages
from reaching their destination.
➢ The receiver (or receivers) is the person for whom the
message is intended and to whom the
message is delivered.
The interactive communication model views communication as a
process involving senders and
receivers. In this model, communication is influenced by two
additional factors: feedback and fields of
experience.
➢ Feedback comprises verbal and nonverbal messages that
receivers provide to indicate their
reaction to communication.
➢ Fields of experience represent the beliefs, attitudes, values,
and experiences that each
participant brings to a communication event.
The transactional communication model depicts a
multidirectional process, where each person
involved in a communication event equally influences the
communication behavior of the other parties
involved.
➢ Messages are constantly exchanged between all parties
involved in the encounter, which
collaboratively creates meaning.
The transactional model explains the majority of encounters that
intuitively seem “interpersonal.”
• Does one of the communication models impact the develop of
the character or relationship?
• How does the communication/communication model impact
thoughts, emotions, behaviors
and/or relationships?
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Interpersonal communication creates impact, changing the
participants’ thoughts, emotions,
behavior, and relationships. Interpersonal communication
conveys both content and relationship
information. Content information is the actual meaning of the
words you exchange. Relationship
information consists of signals indicating how each party views
a shared bond in terms of status and
intimacy. Content information is conveyed primarily verbally,
and relationship information is
communicated mainly through nonverbal cues such as vocal
tone, facial expression, and eye
contact. Relationship information strongly influences how
people interpret content information.
Interpersonal communication can be interpreted in two forms, I-
Thou and I-It.
➢ I-Thou communication refers to ways of relating that deepen
bonds and affirm individual
uniqueness; the parties involved regard each other as equals.
➢ I-It communication refers to ways of relating that amplify the
view of the other as an object,
leading to impersonal and even disrespectful communication;
one party might imply a
perception of superiority over the other.
• Does the use of I-Thou or I-It communication impact the
relationship between characters?
• Does the use of I-Thou or I-It communication impact self-
concept or self-esteem of a character?
Interpersonal communication enables us to meet fundamental
human needs and supports the
achievement of important personal and professional goals.
We seek to fulfill a hierarchy of needs in our daily lives.
➢ Maslow’s Hierarchy
o Physical needs are requirements for air, food, water, sleep,
and shelter.
o Safety needs include job security and protection from
violence.
o Social needs of love, friendship, and belonging are met by
satisfying and healthy
relationships.
o Self-esteem needs are met by gaining others’ respect and
admiration.
o Self-actualization needs are met through autonomy and
achievement.
➢ Interpersonal communication also helps us to fulfill three
types of goals.
o Self-presentation goals are desires to present ourselves in a
particular way.
o Instrumental goals are practical goals we want to achieve.
o Relationship goals include building, maintaining, and ending
bonds with others.
• How does the character communicate to meet personal or
professional goals?
Interpersonal communication competence can be achieved by
communicating with others in ways that
are appropriate (it follows accepted norms), effective (it enables
you to achieve your goals), and ethical
(it treats people fairly).
➢ Appropriateness is the degree to which your communication
matches situational, relational,
and cultural expectations regarding how people should
communicate.
o Self-monitoring: the process of observing our own
communication and the norms of the
situation in order to make appropriate communication choices.
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▪ High self-monitors are people who are highly sensitive to
appropriateness and
adapt their communication
▪ Low self-monitors are not sensitive to appropriateness,
believing that people
should communicate the same way regardless of the situation.
➢ Effectiveness is the ability to use communication to
accomplish three types of interpersonal
goals discussed earlier: self-presentational, instrumental, and
relational.
➢ Ethics is the set of moral principles that guide our behavior
toward others.
o We are, at a minimum, obligated to avoid intentionally
hurting others.
o Treating others with respect is another ethical consideration.
• Is the character’s communication appropriate, effective and
ethical?
• Is the character a high-self monitor or a low-self monitor?
The self is an evolving composite of self-awareness, self-
concept, and self-esteem.
The first component of self is self-awareness—the ability to
reflect on your thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors.
A greater sense of self develops as we consider our behavior
relative to the behavior of others, a process
known as social comparison.
• How does the character reveal their self-awareness?
• What is the character thinking and feeling?
• Why is the character thinking or feeling that way?
• How are they communicating that?
• How are the characters thoughts and feelings affecting their
communication?
• How can the character improve their thoughts, feelings, and
communication?
The second component of self is your self-concept, your overall
perception of who you are. Your self-
concept is based on the beliefs, attitudes, and values you have
about yourself.
• What are the characters beliefs, attitudes and values?
One of the biggest influences on your self-concept is how you
think others see you. Cooley (1902)
referred to this phenomenon as the looking-glass self.
• How do others see the character?
• How does this impact the character?
Our self-concept may lead us to make self-fulfilling prophecies,
predictions about future outcomes that
cause us to behave in ways that ensure the interaction unfolds as
we predicted.
• Does the character predict a certain outcome and then
experience that?
The third component of self is self-esteem, the overall value we
assign to ourselves. This evaluation can
be positive or negative.
• Does the character have high self-esteem or low self-esteem?
• How does the character’s self-esteem affect their behavior and
relationships?
4
Self-discrepancy theory suggests that your self-esteem is
determined by how you think about yourself
along the lines of two mental standards. The first is your ideal
self, comprising the characteristics you
want to possess. The second is your ought self, the person
others (i.e., family, friends, society) wish and
expect you to be.
• What are the discrepancies between the characters ideal and
ought selves?
• How are the discrepancies reduced?
Self-concept beliefs help shape two dimensions of our thoughts,
feelings, and behavior: attachment
anxiety and attachment avoidance.
➢ Attachment anxiety is the degree to which a person fears
rejection by relationship partners.
➢ Attachment avoidance is the degree to which someone desires
close interpersonal ties.
o Four attachment styles derive from these two dimensions.
▪ Secure attachment people have low anxiety and avoidance
regarding
relationships with others, seek closeness, and have confidence
in their abilities
to handle problems.
▪ Preoccupied attachment people are high in anxiety and low in
avoidance. They
desire closeness but are plagued with fear of rejection. They
may use sexual
contact to satisfy their need to feel loved.
▪ Dismissive attachment people have low anxiety but high
avoidance. They view
close relationships as unimportant.
▪ Fearful attachment people are high in both attachment anxiety
and avoidance.
They avoid relationships because they fear closeness will only
result in pain.
They may develop a relationship only if there is a guarantee that
their partners
must rely on them, but will still harbor doubts.
• Does the character display attachment anxiety and/or
avoidance?
o Which attachment style best represents the character?
Whenever we communicate with others, we present our self to
them. Sometimes we present a public
self that mirrors our private self, and sometimes we do not.
➢ Your public self—your face—is how you want others to see
and know you.
➢ A mask is a public self, designed to hide one’s private self
• Did the character create a face/mask that contradicts with their
“real” self?
Developing strong relationships is dependent upon making our
selves known to others. This isn’t easy.
Exposing yourself to others can make us feel vulnerable,
provoking uneasiness between how much to
reveal versus how much to veil.
Social penetration theory explains how we reveal our self in
layers.
➢ Peripheral layers of self are demographic characteristics such
as birthplace, age, gender, and
ethnicity.
➢ Intermediate layers reside attitudes and opinions.
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➢ Central layers, which include core characteristics such as
self-awareness; self-concept; self-
esteem; and personal values, traits, and fears.
You develop closer relationships by revealing more personal
aspects of yourself to others.
➢ Breadth is the number of different aspects of self each partner
reveals.
➢ Depth involves how deeply into one another’s self the
partners have penetrated.
According to the interpersonal process model of intimacy, the
closeness we feel toward others in our
relationships is created through two things; self-disclosure and
responsiveness of listeners.
• How has the character revealed themselves and what was the
impact?
o What are the layers, breadth and depth of the disclosure?
• Was the character’s level of self-disclosure appropriate and/or
competent?
• What was the response to the disclosure?
Johari Window. Some aspects of our selves are open to self-
reflection and sharing with other people,
while others remain hidden—both to ourselves and to others.
➢ Public Area – Aspects of your self that you and others are
aware of.
➢ Blind Area – Facets of your self that are readily apparent to
other through communication that
you’re not aware of.
➢ Hidden Area – Parts of your self that you’re aware of but that
you hide from most others. This
may be the same as a mask.
➢ Unknown Area – Aspects of your self that you and others
aren’t aware of, such as unconscious
motives and impulses.
• What is the character’s Blind Area and how is it revealed
through other characters?
• What is the character’s Hidden Area and how is that shown in
the film?
Perception is a process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting
information from our senses. It is the
process by which we make sense of our contact with others.
Perception guides our communication and
relationship decisions and is often the source of conflict.
Perception Process
Step 1. Selection is the first step of perception, in which we
focus attention on certain sights, sounds,
tastes, touches, or smells in our environment.
➢ Salience is the degree to which particular people or aspects of
their communication attract our
attention Communication is salient when
o a person behaves in a visually and audibly stimulating
manner.
o if our goals or expectations lead us to view the
communication exchange as important.
o is salient when the exchange deviates from our expectations.
Step 2. Organization is the second step of perceiving,
consisting of structuring the information that you
have selected into a coherent pattern in your mind.
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➢ Punctuation involves structuring the information you’ve
selected into a chronological sequence
that matches how you experienced the order of events.
o Differences in punctuation can be a source of conflict.
o A way of avoiding perceptual misunderstandings is to try to
understand how your
organization and punctuation of information differ from those
of other people.
Step 3. Interpretation, is the act of assigning meaning to
information we’ve selected.
➢ Our sense-making relies on schemata, mental structures
containing information that defines
concepts’ characteristics as well as those characteristics’
interrelationships. (Frame of
Reference/Field of Experience)
• How did the process of perception lead the characters to
interpret the information differently?
• Were aspects of an interaction or event more salient to one
character than another?
• Did the characters punctuate the events differently?
Attribution theory is the process of creating explanations for
others’ comments or behaviors. There are
two types of attribution: internal and external.
➢ Internal attributions presume that a person’s communication
or behavior can be explained by
considering internal causes, such as character or personality.
➢ External attributions hold that a person’s communication is
caused by situational factors rather
than character or personality.
o Fundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute
others’ behaviors to their
personalities, rather than to social or environmental forces that
affect them. People
tend to attribute external factors to explain their own behavior
(actor-observer effect).
▪ The tendency to take credit for our success by making an
internal attribution is
known as the self-serving bias and is driven by ego protection,
the process of
making ourselves happier by crediting ourselves for our life
successes.
• Did the character attribute their success or failure to internal
or external causes?
• Did the character make a fundamental attribution error?
According to the Uncertainty Reduction Theory, a primary
concern during initial interactions is reducing
uncertainty about our conversational partners. Uncertainty can
be reduced in several ways. We might
use:
➢ Passive strategies - gathering information about others by
watching them without their
knowledge.
➢ Active strategies – questioning a third-person questioning,
seeking information online.
➢ Interactive strategies - direct interaction between you and the
person in whom we’re
interested.
• Did the character use passive, active, interactive or a
combination of strategies to reduce
uncertainty?
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Gender, family experiences, and cultural factors are three
outside sources that also shape our sense of
self.
Gender is a factor affecting perception. People are socialized to
believe that men and women
communicate differently. Researchers have found that gender
influences about 1 percent of people’s
communication. We can improve accuracy of perception by
asking whether someone is communicating
differently because of gender or whether the interpretation is
affected by your beliefs about their
gender.
Gender affects emotional management and communication.
Gender differences in emotion derive in
part from differences in how men and women view their roles in
interpersonal relationships. Women
report experiencing more sadness, fear, shame, and guilt, while
men report more anger and hostile
emotions. However, when men and women experience the same
emotion, there is no gender difference
in the intensity of the emotion experienced.
• How has the character’s identity as masculine or feminine
affected their self-concept or self-
esteem?
• Did gender beliefs affect the way a character interprets an
event or emotions?
• How are gender beliefs portrayed in the movie?
The culture in which you grew up influences your perception of
others during interpersonal
communication. You interpret others’ communication in part by
drawing on information from your
schemata that are filled with the beliefs, attitudes, values, and
practices you learned in your own
culture. Culture also affects whether you perceive others as
similar to or different from yourself.
➢ Ingroupers those people whom we perceive as being
fundamentally similar to ourselves with
respect to certain cultural beliefs, attitudes, and values.
➢ Outgroupers those people we perceive as fundamentally
dissimilar to ourselves.
o In general, we like people who are “like” us and consequently,
we are more likely to give
valued resources such as money, time, and effort to those who
are perceived as
ingroupers versus those who are outgroupers.
• How have family experiences or cultural factors affected the
characters self-concept or self-
esteem?
• Does the movie present ingroupers or outgroupers?
• Did cultural, historical, relational, and/or situational norms
govern how characters experience
and express our emotions?
Personality, our own characteristic way of thinking, feeling, and
acting, is a factor influencing how we
perceive reality. Five basic dimensions of personality. A simple
way to remember them is the acronym
OCEAN:
➢ Openness,
➢ Conscientiousness,
➢ Extraversion,
➢ Agreeableness,
➢ Neuroticism.
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Our perception of others is affected by the personality traits we
see in ourselves, and how we
evaluate these traits. We evaluate people positively or
negatively in accordance with how we
feel about our own traits. We typically like in others the same
traits we like in ourselves, and we
dislike in others the traits that we dislike in ourselves. We also
make generalizations by
presuming that because a person is high or low on a certain
trait, he or she must be high or low
on other traits that we consider related to the trait we observed.
These generalizations are
known as implicit personality theories, and they are based upon
our personal beliefs about how
traits cluster.
• Describe the character’s personality in terms of the Color
Code or OCEAN
• Provide behavioral examples to support your claim
• What significance does their personality play in their
interactions/relationships?
Gestalt, a general and global impression of a person that is
either positive or negative. Gestalts form
rapidly. This is one reason why people consider “first
impressions” so consequential. Gestalts require
little mental or communicative effort. Gestalts are useful in
encounters where we must make quick
judgments about others with only limited information. Gestalts
are more likely to be positive than
negative, an effect known as the positivity bias. This can
manifest as Pollyanna effects, a predisposition
toward perceiving life optimistically. We also place emphasis
on the negative information we learn
about others, a pattern known as the negativity effect; since
negativity is considered a deviation from
the norm, we register negative data as revelatory and salient.
The nature of our Gestalt can have an
effect on how we interpret subsequent information about a
person.
➢ Halo effect – a tendency to positively interpret nearly
anything someone says or does because
we have a positive Gestalt of them.
➢ Horn effect - a tendency to negatively interpret the
communication and behavior of people
about whom we have negative Gestalts.
Algebraic impressions are formed by carefully evaluating each
new thing we learn about a person.
Algebraic impressions involve comparing and assessing the
positive and negative things we learn about a
person in order to calculate an overall impression, and then
modifying this impression as we learn new
information. Algebraic impressions are more flexible and
accurate than Gestalts.
• Did the character form Gestalt or Algebraic impressions of
another person? If so how or why was
this impactful to the relationship or story?
• Did the character exhibit the halo or horn effect?
• Did the character exhibit a Pollyanna effect or negativity
effect?
Stereotypes are a way we form impressions by perceptually
categorizing people into a social group and
then evaluating them based on information we have in our
mental schemata related to the group.
Stereotyping streamlines the perception process, and it is
virtually impossible to avoid. People
frequently have a high degree of confidence in the legitimacy of
their stereotypical impressions, despite
the fact that such impressions are frequently flawed.
The negative effects of stereotyping can be overcome by:
➢ critically assessing your beliefs about various groups.
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➢ educating yourself about these groups to find similarities and
differences between people
affiliated with these groups and yourself.
➢ keeping in mind that just because someone belongs to a
certain group doesn’t necessarily mean
that all of the defining characteristics of that group apply to him
or her.
• Did the character stereotype a person or group of persons?
Emotion is an intense reaction to an event that involves
interpreting the meaning of the event,
becoming physiologically aroused, labeling the experience as
emotional, attempting to manage the
reaction, and communicating this reaction in the form of
emotional displays and disclosures.
Emotions have five key features:
1. Emotions are reactive, triggered by outside events.
2. Emotions involve physiological arousal, in the form of
increased heart rate, blood pressure, and
adrenaline release.
3. Emotional experience requires awareness of our
interpretation and arousal as “an emotion” and
consciously labeling it as such.
4. Historical, cultural, relational, and situational norms govern
how we experience and express our
emotions.
5. Emotional management is reflected in our verbal and
nonverbal displays, in the form of word
choice, exclamations or expletives, facial expressions, body
posture, and gestures.
Emotions are fundamental to interpersonal communication and
meaning. Emotion-sharing is how we
talk about our emotional experiences with our relationship
partners. Sometimes emotion-sharing leads
to emotional contagion, when the experience of the same
emotion rapidly spreads from one person to
others.
Primary emotions involve unique and consistent behavior
displays across cultures. Six primary
emotions are surprise, joy, disgust, anger, fear, and sadness.
Some events may trigger two or more
primary emotions simultaneously, resulting in an experience
known as a blended emotion. Emotions
involve unique and consistent behavioral displays across
cultures. For example, shame is a primary
emotion in traditional Chinese culture.
Feelings and moods are distinct from emotions. Feelings are
short-term emotional reactions to events
that generate only limited arousal; they typically do not trigger
attempts to manage their experience or
expression. Moods are low-intensity states—such as boredom,
contentment, or grouchiness— that are
not caused by particular events and typically last longer than
feelings or emotions. Moods can have a
profound impact on perception and communication with others,
thus, it is important to have means for
improving bad moods. Effective strategies combine relaxation,
stress management, mental focus and
energy, and exercise. The most effective strategy of all appears
to be rigorous physical exercise.
Personality exerts a pronounced impact on our emotions.
Personality traits of extraversion, neuroticism,
and agreeableness strongly influence how we experience and
communicate positive and negative
emotions. Part of becoming a skilled emotional communicator is
learning how your personality traits
affect your emotional experience and expression.
10
• How did the character display or communicate their emotions?
(include a description of the
triggering event)
• Did cultural, historical, relational, and situational norms
govern how the character experienced
and/or expressed their emotions? (Think of emotional
management is reflected in our verbal and
nonverbal displays, in the form of word choice, exclamations or
expletives, facial expressions,
body posture, and gestures)
• Did personality traits influence how the character experienced
and/or communicated emotions?
• Were the characters affected by an emotional contagion?
Empathy, the ability to “feel into” others’ thoughts and
emotions, is a valuable tool for communicating
competently with others. Empathy consists of two separate
facets:
1. Perspective-taking is the ability to see things from someone
else’s vantage point without
necessarily experiencing that person’s emotions.
2. Empathic concern is considering the emotional side of
another’s perspective.
Lack of empathy when dealing with emotions is particularly
challenging. Two factors often impact
empathy. First, the invisibility and/or distance from the
consequences of our messages increases the
likelihood for a lack of empathy. The ability to perceive
feedback is neurologically tied to empathy;
therefore, the lack of feedback inhibits our empathy and ability
to communicate appropriately. Second,
asynchronous communication predisposes us to openly express
emotions that we might otherwise
conceal if we knew the response would be immediate.
(asynchronicity means the interactions are not in
real time)
• Did the character communicate their efforts to see things from
another person’s vantage point
and to consider that person’s emotional experience?
• Did distance, invisibility or asynchronous communication
impact the characters ability to
experience empathy?
Emotional intelligence (EI) is the broader ability to interpret
your own and others’ emotions accurately
and to use this information to manage emotions, communicate
them constructively, and solve
relationship problems. People with high degrees of emotional
intelligence typically possess four skills:
1. An acute understanding of their own emotion.
2. The ability to empathize.
3. An aptitude for constructively managing their own emotions.
4. The capacity for applying their emotional states in ways that
create competent decision-making,
communication, and relationship problem solving.
People with high EI are more likely to garner trust, inspire
followers, and be perceived as having
integrity. High EI individuals are less likely to bully people, or
use violence to get what they want, and
they find it easier to forgive relational partners who have
wronged them. Emotion management is an
important part of emotional intelligence, because it directly
influences how we experience and express
emotion. Emotion management involves attempts to influence
which emotions you have, when you
have them, and your experience and expression of them.
• How does the character display high or low emotional
intelligence?
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Managing Emotions
Strategies for managing emotions include ways to try to modify
or control them after you become
aware of them. The two most common ways to manage emotion
are suppression and venting.
1. Suppression involves inhibiting thoughts, arousal, and
outward displays of emotion.
2. Venting is allowing emotions to dominate our thoughts and
explosively expressing emotions.
An alternative to managing emotions after they occur is
preventing them. There are four commonplace
strategies for preventing emotions:
1. Encounter avoidance involves staying away from people,
places, or activities that you know will
provoke emotions you don’t want to experience.
2. Encounter structuring is intentionally avoiding specific topics
that you know will provoke
unwanted emotion during encounters with others.
3. Attention focus involves devoting your attention only to
aspects of an event or encounter that
you know will not provoke an undesired emotion.
4. Deactivation means systematically desensitizing yourself to
an emotional experience.
Deactivation is dangerous because it can trigger deep
depression.
Reappraisal consists of actively changing how you think about
the meaning of emotion-eliciting
situations, so their emotional impact is changed. Reappraisal is
effective because you employ it before a
full-blown emotional reaction. When you reappraise, you:
➢ Call to mind the positive aspects of the encounter.
➢ Think about how you can constructively communicate even
during unpleasant encounters.
➢ Consider the short- and long-term consequences of your
actions.
➢ Think about how you might communicate positively in the
here-and-now to shape positive
consequences.
• Does the character employ any strategies to manage emotions?
If not, which strategy may have
been appropriate?
Anger is our most intense and potentially destructive emotion.
Anger is a negative primary emotion that
occurs when you are blocked or interrupted from attaining an
important goal by what you see as the
improper action of an external agent. Anger is driven largely by
the perception that the interruption was
improper or unfair.
To effectively manage your anger, it’s best to use strategies
such as encounter avoidance, encounter
structuring, and reappraisal. Suppression and venting are two
common responses to managing anger.
Consistent suppression of anger can lead to chronic hostility, a
near-constant state of arousal and
negative thinking. People believe venting is a helpful and
healthy path toward catharsis, a satisfying
resolution of emotions through open expression. However,
venting may actually increase anger.
The Jefferson strategy is an effective anger management
strategy: When a person says or does
something that makes you angry, count slowly to ten before you
speak or act. If you are very angry,
count slowly to 100, then speak or act. The strategy creates a
delay between the event that triggered
your anger, the accompanying arousal and awareness, and your
communication response.
12
Passion is a blended emotion, a combination of surprise and joy
coupled with positive feelings such as
excitement, amazement, and sexual attraction. Because passion
stems in large part from surprise, the
longer and better you know someone, the less passion you will
experience toward that person on a daily
basis. Partners who have known each other intimately for years
may be familiar with almost all of the
communication behaviors in each other’s repertoires. When it
comes to passion, the best you can hope
for in a long-term romantic relationship is a warm afterglow.
Greif is the intense sadness that follows a substantial loss.
Talking about your grief with others is the
most effective method for managing the emotion.
➢ Effective support messages convey explicit emotional
support, sincere expressions of sympathy
and condolence, concern for the other person, or encouragement
to express emotions.
➢ Ineffective support messages discount or minimize the
person’s feelings.
Seven suggestions for improving your supportive
communication:
1. Make sure the person is ready to talk
2. Find the right place and time
3. Ask good questions
4. Legitimize, don’t minimize
5. Listen actively
6. Offer advice cautiously
7. Show concern and give praise.
• How does the character express and/or manage their grief?
• How does the character express support or receive support?
The purpose of this assignment is to apply the concepts or
theories discussed in class to the interpersonal communication
demonstrated by actions and communication of characters in a
movie. This analysis paper will be:
· Select a film that you have access to and that intrigues,
inspires, or motives you. I have provided a list of potential
films or you may propose a film for approval. Film List Film
selection is due on 10/30.
As you view the movie, you will need to take notes and be
considering THREE CONCEPTS from the movie that exemplify
concepts that we are learning about in class. You need to have
read your textbook (Chapters 1-5) and be thinking about some
of the ideas on those chapters and how they apply to the movie
you chose.
The purpose of the movie analysis theory paper is to:
· Demonstrate your understanding of interpersonal
communication theory and concepts
· Apply interpersonal communication theory and concepts to
scenes and characters in the movie
· Apply these same interpersonal communication theory and
concepts to your own relationships and experiences
Plan on selecting three (3) general or specific theories,
concepts, or key words from the first five chapters in our
textbook. Consider the following concepts from chapters 1-5.
1. Explore how a character or characters fulfill communication
goals.
· Consider the 3 different models of communication (linear,
interactive, transactional) and/or the perceptual process.
· You may identify strategies for practicing responsible
perception.
2. Explore how a character or characters display interpersonal
communication competence.
· You may identify tools for improving competence.
3. Explore the ways that gender, family, and culture influence
our sense of self and communication.
· Consider the influence of culture, gender, and personality in
shaping perception and culture influence emotion.
4. Explore how a character or characters present and/or
maintain self-image when interacting with others.
5. Explore how a character or characters sense of self-esteem is
formed through communication.
6. Explore a character or characters consideration related to
self-disclosure.
7. Explore how a scene or characters depict the difference
between emotions, feelings, and moods.
· You may identify tools for skillfully managing and expressing
emotion.
8.Explore how characters with emotional challenges such as
communicating empathy, fading romantic passion, managing
anger, and/or suffering grief.
9.Explore how the movie depicts culture.
· Discuss the impact of ingroups, outgroups, and prejudice on
communication.
· Explore the ways in which cultural differences influence
communication.
Be sure to boldface the use of the concept that you’re using,
along with an in-text citation of the text with page number. Be
sure to introduce and describe how the concept is being used
rather than “dumping” the information and expecting the reader
to infer your intended use. For example:
Although the two main characters were in love with one
another, their nonverbal communication rarely indicated support
for this supposition. Indeed, rather than the expected love-
intimacy touch (McCornack, 2015, p. 164) conveying deep
emotional feelings, the couple seemed to use only functional-
professional touch (McCornack, 2015, p. 164), like shaking
hands or guiding them down stairs, which seemed quite
awkward for a romantic couple. (This example is 63 words.)
Thus, your paper should be in the following form, using APA
standards and formatting:
Title Page
Synopsis (150-250 words, paraphrased in your own words. I
regularly review Wikipedia, so don’t plagiarize!)
Concept 1 – be sure to include (at least 125 words):
Boldfaced concepts with –in-text citations and page numbers
Application of those concepts to the book
Specific example(s) from the movie including behavior
descriptions and/or dialogue to support the concept.
Concept 2 – be sure to include (at least 125 words):
Boldfaced concepts with –in-text citations and page numbers
Application of those concepts to the book
Specific example(s) from the movie including behavior
descriptions and/or dialogue to support the concept.
Concept 3 – be sure to include (at least 125 words:
Boldfaced concepts with –in-text citations and page numbers
Application of those concepts to the book
Specific example(s) from the movie including behavior
descriptions and/or dialogue to support the concept.
Do not simply recount what happens in the movie. Honestly, I
don’t care about the movie. I care about how you’re applying
the concepts to the relationships in the movie and to your own
relationships. If you’re just describing what happens in the
movie without making conceptual connections with examples
and illustrations, you’re not “doing it right.” Your paper should
be more concerned with how the concept applies to specific
examples or scenes within the movie rather than the story of the
movie.
This paper is due November 8th on Canvas as an attached file.

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Shrek (链接到外部网站。)A mean lord exiles fairytale creatures to the sw.docx

  • 1. Shrek (链接到外部网站。) A mean lord exiles fairytale creatures to the swamp of a grumpy ogre, who must go on a quest and rescue a princess for the lord in order to get his land back. 1 Film Analysis Worksheet How to use this worksheet -This worksheet presents information and communication theories in Chapter 1 through Chapter 4. Each topic is followed by questions to help you critically analyze the film of your choice. The questions to help you analyze your film are designated in the following manner. • A bullet point in italics. The questions are intended to help you determine the main points of your paper. Not every question will be pertinent to the film you have chosen. You must decide which questions apply to the movie you have chosen. Communication is a process that uses messages to convey meaning. The communication process can be
  • 2. described by one of three models. The linear communication model depicts communication as an activity where information flows in one direction, from a starting point to an end point. ➢ There must be a message. ➢ A channel is the sensory dimension (or dimensions) along which the message is sent ➢ The sender (or senders) of the message is the individual (or individuals) who generate the information to be communicated, package it into a message, and choose the channel (or channels) for sending it. ➢ Noise is any factor in the environment that impedes messages from reaching their destination. ➢ The receiver (or receivers) is the person for whom the message is intended and to whom the message is delivered. The interactive communication model views communication as a process involving senders and receivers. In this model, communication is influenced by two additional factors: feedback and fields of experience.
  • 3. ➢ Feedback comprises verbal and nonverbal messages that receivers provide to indicate their reaction to communication. ➢ Fields of experience represent the beliefs, attitudes, values, and experiences that each participant brings to a communication event. The transactional communication model depicts a multidirectional process, where each person involved in a communication event equally influences the communication behavior of the other parties involved. ➢ Messages are constantly exchanged between all parties involved in the encounter, which collaboratively creates meaning. The transactional model explains the majority of encounters that intuitively seem “interpersonal.” • Does one of the communication models impact the develop of the character or relationship? • How does the communication/communication model impact thoughts, emotions, behaviors and/or relationships?
  • 4. 2 Interpersonal communication creates impact, changing the participants’ thoughts, emotions, behavior, and relationships. Interpersonal communication conveys both content and relationship information. Content information is the actual meaning of the words you exchange. Relationship information consists of signals indicating how each party views a shared bond in terms of status and intimacy. Content information is conveyed primarily verbally, and relationship information is communicated mainly through nonverbal cues such as vocal tone, facial expression, and eye contact. Relationship information strongly influences how people interpret content information. Interpersonal communication can be interpreted in two forms, I- Thou and I-It. ➢ I-Thou communication refers to ways of relating that deepen bonds and affirm individual uniqueness; the parties involved regard each other as equals. ➢ I-It communication refers to ways of relating that amplify the view of the other as an object,
  • 5. leading to impersonal and even disrespectful communication; one party might imply a perception of superiority over the other. • Does the use of I-Thou or I-It communication impact the relationship between characters? • Does the use of I-Thou or I-It communication impact self- concept or self-esteem of a character? Interpersonal communication enables us to meet fundamental human needs and supports the achievement of important personal and professional goals. We seek to fulfill a hierarchy of needs in our daily lives. ➢ Maslow’s Hierarchy o Physical needs are requirements for air, food, water, sleep, and shelter. o Safety needs include job security and protection from violence. o Social needs of love, friendship, and belonging are met by satisfying and healthy relationships. o Self-esteem needs are met by gaining others’ respect and admiration. o Self-actualization needs are met through autonomy and
  • 6. achievement. ➢ Interpersonal communication also helps us to fulfill three types of goals. o Self-presentation goals are desires to present ourselves in a particular way. o Instrumental goals are practical goals we want to achieve. o Relationship goals include building, maintaining, and ending bonds with others. • How does the character communicate to meet personal or professional goals? Interpersonal communication competence can be achieved by communicating with others in ways that are appropriate (it follows accepted norms), effective (it enables you to achieve your goals), and ethical (it treats people fairly). ➢ Appropriateness is the degree to which your communication matches situational, relational, and cultural expectations regarding how people should communicate. o Self-monitoring: the process of observing our own communication and the norms of the situation in order to make appropriate communication choices.
  • 7. 3 ▪ High self-monitors are people who are highly sensitive to appropriateness and adapt their communication ▪ Low self-monitors are not sensitive to appropriateness, believing that people should communicate the same way regardless of the situation. ➢ Effectiveness is the ability to use communication to accomplish three types of interpersonal goals discussed earlier: self-presentational, instrumental, and relational. ➢ Ethics is the set of moral principles that guide our behavior toward others. o We are, at a minimum, obligated to avoid intentionally hurting others. o Treating others with respect is another ethical consideration. • Is the character’s communication appropriate, effective and ethical? • Is the character a high-self monitor or a low-self monitor? The self is an evolving composite of self-awareness, self-
  • 8. concept, and self-esteem. The first component of self is self-awareness—the ability to reflect on your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. A greater sense of self develops as we consider our behavior relative to the behavior of others, a process known as social comparison. • How does the character reveal their self-awareness? • What is the character thinking and feeling? • Why is the character thinking or feeling that way? • How are they communicating that? • How are the characters thoughts and feelings affecting their communication? • How can the character improve their thoughts, feelings, and communication? The second component of self is your self-concept, your overall perception of who you are. Your self- concept is based on the beliefs, attitudes, and values you have about yourself. • What are the characters beliefs, attitudes and values? One of the biggest influences on your self-concept is how you think others see you. Cooley (1902)
  • 9. referred to this phenomenon as the looking-glass self. • How do others see the character? • How does this impact the character? Our self-concept may lead us to make self-fulfilling prophecies, predictions about future outcomes that cause us to behave in ways that ensure the interaction unfolds as we predicted. • Does the character predict a certain outcome and then experience that? The third component of self is self-esteem, the overall value we assign to ourselves. This evaluation can be positive or negative. • Does the character have high self-esteem or low self-esteem? • How does the character’s self-esteem affect their behavior and relationships? 4 Self-discrepancy theory suggests that your self-esteem is determined by how you think about yourself along the lines of two mental standards. The first is your ideal self, comprising the characteristics you
  • 10. want to possess. The second is your ought self, the person others (i.e., family, friends, society) wish and expect you to be. • What are the discrepancies between the characters ideal and ought selves? • How are the discrepancies reduced? Self-concept beliefs help shape two dimensions of our thoughts, feelings, and behavior: attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. ➢ Attachment anxiety is the degree to which a person fears rejection by relationship partners. ➢ Attachment avoidance is the degree to which someone desires close interpersonal ties. o Four attachment styles derive from these two dimensions. ▪ Secure attachment people have low anxiety and avoidance regarding relationships with others, seek closeness, and have confidence in their abilities to handle problems. ▪ Preoccupied attachment people are high in anxiety and low in avoidance. They desire closeness but are plagued with fear of rejection. They
  • 11. may use sexual contact to satisfy their need to feel loved. ▪ Dismissive attachment people have low anxiety but high avoidance. They view close relationships as unimportant. ▪ Fearful attachment people are high in both attachment anxiety and avoidance. They avoid relationships because they fear closeness will only result in pain. They may develop a relationship only if there is a guarantee that their partners must rely on them, but will still harbor doubts. • Does the character display attachment anxiety and/or avoidance? o Which attachment style best represents the character? Whenever we communicate with others, we present our self to them. Sometimes we present a public self that mirrors our private self, and sometimes we do not. ➢ Your public self—your face—is how you want others to see and know you. ➢ A mask is a public self, designed to hide one’s private self
  • 12. • Did the character create a face/mask that contradicts with their “real” self? Developing strong relationships is dependent upon making our selves known to others. This isn’t easy. Exposing yourself to others can make us feel vulnerable, provoking uneasiness between how much to reveal versus how much to veil. Social penetration theory explains how we reveal our self in layers. ➢ Peripheral layers of self are demographic characteristics such as birthplace, age, gender, and ethnicity. ➢ Intermediate layers reside attitudes and opinions. 5 ➢ Central layers, which include core characteristics such as self-awareness; self-concept; self- esteem; and personal values, traits, and fears. You develop closer relationships by revealing more personal aspects of yourself to others. ➢ Breadth is the number of different aspects of self each partner
  • 13. reveals. ➢ Depth involves how deeply into one another’s self the partners have penetrated. According to the interpersonal process model of intimacy, the closeness we feel toward others in our relationships is created through two things; self-disclosure and responsiveness of listeners. • How has the character revealed themselves and what was the impact? o What are the layers, breadth and depth of the disclosure? • Was the character’s level of self-disclosure appropriate and/or competent? • What was the response to the disclosure? Johari Window. Some aspects of our selves are open to self- reflection and sharing with other people, while others remain hidden—both to ourselves and to others. ➢ Public Area – Aspects of your self that you and others are aware of. ➢ Blind Area – Facets of your self that are readily apparent to other through communication that you’re not aware of. ➢ Hidden Area – Parts of your self that you’re aware of but that you hide from most others. This
  • 14. may be the same as a mask. ➢ Unknown Area – Aspects of your self that you and others aren’t aware of, such as unconscious motives and impulses. • What is the character’s Blind Area and how is it revealed through other characters? • What is the character’s Hidden Area and how is that shown in the film? Perception is a process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information from our senses. It is the process by which we make sense of our contact with others. Perception guides our communication and relationship decisions and is often the source of conflict. Perception Process Step 1. Selection is the first step of perception, in which we focus attention on certain sights, sounds, tastes, touches, or smells in our environment. ➢ Salience is the degree to which particular people or aspects of their communication attract our attention Communication is salient when o a person behaves in a visually and audibly stimulating
  • 15. manner. o if our goals or expectations lead us to view the communication exchange as important. o is salient when the exchange deviates from our expectations. Step 2. Organization is the second step of perceiving, consisting of structuring the information that you have selected into a coherent pattern in your mind. 6 ➢ Punctuation involves structuring the information you’ve selected into a chronological sequence that matches how you experienced the order of events. o Differences in punctuation can be a source of conflict. o A way of avoiding perceptual misunderstandings is to try to understand how your organization and punctuation of information differ from those of other people. Step 3. Interpretation, is the act of assigning meaning to information we’ve selected. ➢ Our sense-making relies on schemata, mental structures containing information that defines
  • 16. concepts’ characteristics as well as those characteristics’ interrelationships. (Frame of Reference/Field of Experience) • How did the process of perception lead the characters to interpret the information differently? • Were aspects of an interaction or event more salient to one character than another? • Did the characters punctuate the events differently? Attribution theory is the process of creating explanations for others’ comments or behaviors. There are two types of attribution: internal and external. ➢ Internal attributions presume that a person’s communication or behavior can be explained by considering internal causes, such as character or personality. ➢ External attributions hold that a person’s communication is caused by situational factors rather than character or personality. o Fundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute others’ behaviors to their personalities, rather than to social or environmental forces that affect them. People tend to attribute external factors to explain their own behavior
  • 17. (actor-observer effect). ▪ The tendency to take credit for our success by making an internal attribution is known as the self-serving bias and is driven by ego protection, the process of making ourselves happier by crediting ourselves for our life successes. • Did the character attribute their success or failure to internal or external causes? • Did the character make a fundamental attribution error? According to the Uncertainty Reduction Theory, a primary concern during initial interactions is reducing uncertainty about our conversational partners. Uncertainty can be reduced in several ways. We might use: ➢ Passive strategies - gathering information about others by watching them without their knowledge. ➢ Active strategies – questioning a third-person questioning, seeking information online. ➢ Interactive strategies - direct interaction between you and the person in whom we’re
  • 18. interested. • Did the character use passive, active, interactive or a combination of strategies to reduce uncertainty? 7 Gender, family experiences, and cultural factors are three outside sources that also shape our sense of self. Gender is a factor affecting perception. People are socialized to believe that men and women communicate differently. Researchers have found that gender influences about 1 percent of people’s communication. We can improve accuracy of perception by asking whether someone is communicating differently because of gender or whether the interpretation is affected by your beliefs about their gender. Gender affects emotional management and communication. Gender differences in emotion derive in part from differences in how men and women view their roles in
  • 19. interpersonal relationships. Women report experiencing more sadness, fear, shame, and guilt, while men report more anger and hostile emotions. However, when men and women experience the same emotion, there is no gender difference in the intensity of the emotion experienced. • How has the character’s identity as masculine or feminine affected their self-concept or self- esteem? • Did gender beliefs affect the way a character interprets an event or emotions? • How are gender beliefs portrayed in the movie? The culture in which you grew up influences your perception of others during interpersonal communication. You interpret others’ communication in part by drawing on information from your schemata that are filled with the beliefs, attitudes, values, and practices you learned in your own culture. Culture also affects whether you perceive others as similar to or different from yourself. ➢ Ingroupers those people whom we perceive as being fundamentally similar to ourselves with respect to certain cultural beliefs, attitudes, and values.
  • 20. ➢ Outgroupers those people we perceive as fundamentally dissimilar to ourselves. o In general, we like people who are “like” us and consequently, we are more likely to give valued resources such as money, time, and effort to those who are perceived as ingroupers versus those who are outgroupers. • How have family experiences or cultural factors affected the characters self-concept or self- esteem? • Does the movie present ingroupers or outgroupers? • Did cultural, historical, relational, and/or situational norms govern how characters experience and express our emotions? Personality, our own characteristic way of thinking, feeling, and acting, is a factor influencing how we perceive reality. Five basic dimensions of personality. A simple way to remember them is the acronym OCEAN: ➢ Openness, ➢ Conscientiousness,
  • 21. ➢ Extraversion, ➢ Agreeableness, ➢ Neuroticism. 8 Our perception of others is affected by the personality traits we see in ourselves, and how we evaluate these traits. We evaluate people positively or negatively in accordance with how we feel about our own traits. We typically like in others the same traits we like in ourselves, and we dislike in others the traits that we dislike in ourselves. We also make generalizations by presuming that because a person is high or low on a certain trait, he or she must be high or low on other traits that we consider related to the trait we observed. These generalizations are known as implicit personality theories, and they are based upon our personal beliefs about how traits cluster. • Describe the character’s personality in terms of the Color
  • 22. Code or OCEAN • Provide behavioral examples to support your claim • What significance does their personality play in their interactions/relationships? Gestalt, a general and global impression of a person that is either positive or negative. Gestalts form rapidly. This is one reason why people consider “first impressions” so consequential. Gestalts require little mental or communicative effort. Gestalts are useful in encounters where we must make quick judgments about others with only limited information. Gestalts are more likely to be positive than negative, an effect known as the positivity bias. This can manifest as Pollyanna effects, a predisposition toward perceiving life optimistically. We also place emphasis on the negative information we learn about others, a pattern known as the negativity effect; since negativity is considered a deviation from the norm, we register negative data as revelatory and salient. The nature of our Gestalt can have an effect on how we interpret subsequent information about a person. ➢ Halo effect – a tendency to positively interpret nearly anything someone says or does because
  • 23. we have a positive Gestalt of them. ➢ Horn effect - a tendency to negatively interpret the communication and behavior of people about whom we have negative Gestalts. Algebraic impressions are formed by carefully evaluating each new thing we learn about a person. Algebraic impressions involve comparing and assessing the positive and negative things we learn about a person in order to calculate an overall impression, and then modifying this impression as we learn new information. Algebraic impressions are more flexible and accurate than Gestalts. • Did the character form Gestalt or Algebraic impressions of another person? If so how or why was this impactful to the relationship or story? • Did the character exhibit the halo or horn effect? • Did the character exhibit a Pollyanna effect or negativity effect? Stereotypes are a way we form impressions by perceptually categorizing people into a social group and then evaluating them based on information we have in our mental schemata related to the group.
  • 24. Stereotyping streamlines the perception process, and it is virtually impossible to avoid. People frequently have a high degree of confidence in the legitimacy of their stereotypical impressions, despite the fact that such impressions are frequently flawed. The negative effects of stereotyping can be overcome by: ➢ critically assessing your beliefs about various groups. 9 ➢ educating yourself about these groups to find similarities and differences between people affiliated with these groups and yourself. ➢ keeping in mind that just because someone belongs to a certain group doesn’t necessarily mean that all of the defining characteristics of that group apply to him or her. • Did the character stereotype a person or group of persons? Emotion is an intense reaction to an event that involves interpreting the meaning of the event, becoming physiologically aroused, labeling the experience as emotional, attempting to manage the
  • 25. reaction, and communicating this reaction in the form of emotional displays and disclosures. Emotions have five key features: 1. Emotions are reactive, triggered by outside events. 2. Emotions involve physiological arousal, in the form of increased heart rate, blood pressure, and adrenaline release. 3. Emotional experience requires awareness of our interpretation and arousal as “an emotion” and consciously labeling it as such. 4. Historical, cultural, relational, and situational norms govern how we experience and express our emotions. 5. Emotional management is reflected in our verbal and nonverbal displays, in the form of word choice, exclamations or expletives, facial expressions, body posture, and gestures. Emotions are fundamental to interpersonal communication and meaning. Emotion-sharing is how we talk about our emotional experiences with our relationship partners. Sometimes emotion-sharing leads to emotional contagion, when the experience of the same
  • 26. emotion rapidly spreads from one person to others. Primary emotions involve unique and consistent behavior displays across cultures. Six primary emotions are surprise, joy, disgust, anger, fear, and sadness. Some events may trigger two or more primary emotions simultaneously, resulting in an experience known as a blended emotion. Emotions involve unique and consistent behavioral displays across cultures. For example, shame is a primary emotion in traditional Chinese culture. Feelings and moods are distinct from emotions. Feelings are short-term emotional reactions to events that generate only limited arousal; they typically do not trigger attempts to manage their experience or expression. Moods are low-intensity states—such as boredom, contentment, or grouchiness— that are not caused by particular events and typically last longer than feelings or emotions. Moods can have a profound impact on perception and communication with others, thus, it is important to have means for improving bad moods. Effective strategies combine relaxation, stress management, mental focus and
  • 27. energy, and exercise. The most effective strategy of all appears to be rigorous physical exercise. Personality exerts a pronounced impact on our emotions. Personality traits of extraversion, neuroticism, and agreeableness strongly influence how we experience and communicate positive and negative emotions. Part of becoming a skilled emotional communicator is learning how your personality traits affect your emotional experience and expression. 10 • How did the character display or communicate their emotions? (include a description of the triggering event) • Did cultural, historical, relational, and situational norms govern how the character experienced and/or expressed their emotions? (Think of emotional management is reflected in our verbal and nonverbal displays, in the form of word choice, exclamations or expletives, facial expressions, body posture, and gestures) • Did personality traits influence how the character experienced
  • 28. and/or communicated emotions? • Were the characters affected by an emotional contagion? Empathy, the ability to “feel into” others’ thoughts and emotions, is a valuable tool for communicating competently with others. Empathy consists of two separate facets: 1. Perspective-taking is the ability to see things from someone else’s vantage point without necessarily experiencing that person’s emotions. 2. Empathic concern is considering the emotional side of another’s perspective. Lack of empathy when dealing with emotions is particularly challenging. Two factors often impact empathy. First, the invisibility and/or distance from the consequences of our messages increases the likelihood for a lack of empathy. The ability to perceive feedback is neurologically tied to empathy; therefore, the lack of feedback inhibits our empathy and ability to communicate appropriately. Second, asynchronous communication predisposes us to openly express emotions that we might otherwise conceal if we knew the response would be immediate. (asynchronicity means the interactions are not in
  • 29. real time) • Did the character communicate their efforts to see things from another person’s vantage point and to consider that person’s emotional experience? • Did distance, invisibility or asynchronous communication impact the characters ability to experience empathy? Emotional intelligence (EI) is the broader ability to interpret your own and others’ emotions accurately and to use this information to manage emotions, communicate them constructively, and solve relationship problems. People with high degrees of emotional intelligence typically possess four skills: 1. An acute understanding of their own emotion. 2. The ability to empathize. 3. An aptitude for constructively managing their own emotions. 4. The capacity for applying their emotional states in ways that create competent decision-making, communication, and relationship problem solving. People with high EI are more likely to garner trust, inspire followers, and be perceived as having integrity. High EI individuals are less likely to bully people, or
  • 30. use violence to get what they want, and they find it easier to forgive relational partners who have wronged them. Emotion management is an important part of emotional intelligence, because it directly influences how we experience and express emotion. Emotion management involves attempts to influence which emotions you have, when you have them, and your experience and expression of them. • How does the character display high or low emotional intelligence? 11 Managing Emotions Strategies for managing emotions include ways to try to modify or control them after you become aware of them. The two most common ways to manage emotion are suppression and venting. 1. Suppression involves inhibiting thoughts, arousal, and outward displays of emotion. 2. Venting is allowing emotions to dominate our thoughts and explosively expressing emotions. An alternative to managing emotions after they occur is
  • 31. preventing them. There are four commonplace strategies for preventing emotions: 1. Encounter avoidance involves staying away from people, places, or activities that you know will provoke emotions you don’t want to experience. 2. Encounter structuring is intentionally avoiding specific topics that you know will provoke unwanted emotion during encounters with others. 3. Attention focus involves devoting your attention only to aspects of an event or encounter that you know will not provoke an undesired emotion. 4. Deactivation means systematically desensitizing yourself to an emotional experience. Deactivation is dangerous because it can trigger deep depression. Reappraisal consists of actively changing how you think about the meaning of emotion-eliciting situations, so their emotional impact is changed. Reappraisal is effective because you employ it before a full-blown emotional reaction. When you reappraise, you: ➢ Call to mind the positive aspects of the encounter. ➢ Think about how you can constructively communicate even
  • 32. during unpleasant encounters. ➢ Consider the short- and long-term consequences of your actions. ➢ Think about how you might communicate positively in the here-and-now to shape positive consequences. • Does the character employ any strategies to manage emotions? If not, which strategy may have been appropriate? Anger is our most intense and potentially destructive emotion. Anger is a negative primary emotion that occurs when you are blocked or interrupted from attaining an important goal by what you see as the improper action of an external agent. Anger is driven largely by the perception that the interruption was improper or unfair. To effectively manage your anger, it’s best to use strategies such as encounter avoidance, encounter structuring, and reappraisal. Suppression and venting are two common responses to managing anger. Consistent suppression of anger can lead to chronic hostility, a near-constant state of arousal and
  • 33. negative thinking. People believe venting is a helpful and healthy path toward catharsis, a satisfying resolution of emotions through open expression. However, venting may actually increase anger. The Jefferson strategy is an effective anger management strategy: When a person says or does something that makes you angry, count slowly to ten before you speak or act. If you are very angry, count slowly to 100, then speak or act. The strategy creates a delay between the event that triggered your anger, the accompanying arousal and awareness, and your communication response. 12 Passion is a blended emotion, a combination of surprise and joy coupled with positive feelings such as excitement, amazement, and sexual attraction. Because passion stems in large part from surprise, the longer and better you know someone, the less passion you will experience toward that person on a daily basis. Partners who have known each other intimately for years may be familiar with almost all of the communication behaviors in each other’s repertoires. When it
  • 34. comes to passion, the best you can hope for in a long-term romantic relationship is a warm afterglow. Greif is the intense sadness that follows a substantial loss. Talking about your grief with others is the most effective method for managing the emotion. ➢ Effective support messages convey explicit emotional support, sincere expressions of sympathy and condolence, concern for the other person, or encouragement to express emotions. ➢ Ineffective support messages discount or minimize the person’s feelings. Seven suggestions for improving your supportive communication: 1. Make sure the person is ready to talk 2. Find the right place and time 3. Ask good questions 4. Legitimize, don’t minimize 5. Listen actively 6. Offer advice cautiously 7. Show concern and give praise.
  • 35. • How does the character express and/or manage their grief? • How does the character express support or receive support? The purpose of this assignment is to apply the concepts or theories discussed in class to the interpersonal communication demonstrated by actions and communication of characters in a movie. This analysis paper will be: · Select a film that you have access to and that intrigues, inspires, or motives you. I have provided a list of potential films or you may propose a film for approval. Film List Film selection is due on 10/30. As you view the movie, you will need to take notes and be considering THREE CONCEPTS from the movie that exemplify concepts that we are learning about in class. You need to have read your textbook (Chapters 1-5) and be thinking about some of the ideas on those chapters and how they apply to the movie you chose. The purpose of the movie analysis theory paper is to: · Demonstrate your understanding of interpersonal communication theory and concepts · Apply interpersonal communication theory and concepts to scenes and characters in the movie · Apply these same interpersonal communication theory and concepts to your own relationships and experiences Plan on selecting three (3) general or specific theories, concepts, or key words from the first five chapters in our textbook. Consider the following concepts from chapters 1-5.
  • 36. 1. Explore how a character or characters fulfill communication goals. · Consider the 3 different models of communication (linear, interactive, transactional) and/or the perceptual process. · You may identify strategies for practicing responsible perception. 2. Explore how a character or characters display interpersonal communication competence. · You may identify tools for improving competence. 3. Explore the ways that gender, family, and culture influence our sense of self and communication. · Consider the influence of culture, gender, and personality in shaping perception and culture influence emotion. 4. Explore how a character or characters present and/or maintain self-image when interacting with others. 5. Explore how a character or characters sense of self-esteem is formed through communication. 6. Explore a character or characters consideration related to self-disclosure. 7. Explore how a scene or characters depict the difference between emotions, feelings, and moods. · You may identify tools for skillfully managing and expressing emotion. 8.Explore how characters with emotional challenges such as communicating empathy, fading romantic passion, managing anger, and/or suffering grief. 9.Explore how the movie depicts culture. · Discuss the impact of ingroups, outgroups, and prejudice on communication. · Explore the ways in which cultural differences influence communication. Be sure to boldface the use of the concept that you’re using, along with an in-text citation of the text with page number. Be sure to introduce and describe how the concept is being used rather than “dumping” the information and expecting the reader to infer your intended use. For example:
  • 37. Although the two main characters were in love with one another, their nonverbal communication rarely indicated support for this supposition. Indeed, rather than the expected love- intimacy touch (McCornack, 2015, p. 164) conveying deep emotional feelings, the couple seemed to use only functional- professional touch (McCornack, 2015, p. 164), like shaking hands or guiding them down stairs, which seemed quite awkward for a romantic couple. (This example is 63 words.) Thus, your paper should be in the following form, using APA standards and formatting: Title Page Synopsis (150-250 words, paraphrased in your own words. I regularly review Wikipedia, so don’t plagiarize!) Concept 1 – be sure to include (at least 125 words): Boldfaced concepts with –in-text citations and page numbers Application of those concepts to the book Specific example(s) from the movie including behavior descriptions and/or dialogue to support the concept. Concept 2 – be sure to include (at least 125 words): Boldfaced concepts with –in-text citations and page numbers Application of those concepts to the book Specific example(s) from the movie including behavior descriptions and/or dialogue to support the concept. Concept 3 – be sure to include (at least 125 words: Boldfaced concepts with –in-text citations and page numbers Application of those concepts to the book Specific example(s) from the movie including behavior descriptions and/or dialogue to support the concept. Do not simply recount what happens in the movie. Honestly, I don’t care about the movie. I care about how you’re applying the concepts to the relationships in the movie and to your own relationships. If you’re just describing what happens in the movie without making conceptual connections with examples
  • 38. and illustrations, you’re not “doing it right.” Your paper should be more concerned with how the concept applies to specific examples or scenes within the movie rather than the story of the movie. This paper is due November 8th on Canvas as an attached file.