2. CSC105- Fundamentals of Computer Programming
Course Objectives
“
familiarize with the fundamental concepts of
computer and computer programming.
learn basic concept of IT
learn fundamental concepts of programming by
developing and executing programs in C.
focus will be on structured programming
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3. Course Outline
The need of this course is to develop
fundamental skill and techniques of problem
analysis and solution synthesis using computer;
• Introduction (computer & language)
– Computer components (software, hardware
and utility)
– Types of hardware and software
– Languages History
– Language types and levels
• Code Blocks IDE (Integrated Development
Environment)
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4. Course Outline
• Algorithms and flowcharting
Program Development steps. Algorithms and pseudo
code. Flowcharting
• Intro to C Programming
Syntax and Semantics, Key words; Basic data types in C;
Operators, arithmetic operators, assignment operators,
increment and decrement operators, expressions,
equality operators, precedence of operators;
• Program control
If and else structures, nested if structure,
for, while and do while loops; nested loops,
Switch statements; Compound statements;
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5. Course Outline
• Functions and Parameters - Passing by value
and by reference
• Recursion - Recursive procedure and recursive
functions
• Arrays
Declaration. Array passing to functions,
multidimensional arrays, parallel arrays
• Strings
Character strings, string manipulation, library
functions
• Pointers
pointers and arrays,Introduction to Computer
CSC141 pointers and functions
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Programming
6. Course Outline
• Structures, Unions and Enumerated data types
Declaration and initialization structures, unions
and numerated data types.Accessing members,
passing structures to functions, pointers and
structures.
• File Processing
Creating Reading and Writing to sequential
access files; Creating Reading and Writing to
random access files. case study using files.
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Programming
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7. Recommended books:
• The Waite Group’s Turbo C Programming for the PC by
Robert Lafore, Revised Ed.
• Let Us C, by Yashavant P. Kanetkar
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Programming
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8. Recommended Books:
• C How to Program, by Dietel and Dietel, 4/e 5/e or 6/e
• Introduction to Computers, by Peter Norton, 6th or 7th Ed.
Online Learning Center of Intro to Computers:
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072978902/student_view0/
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11. Computer
A computer is a programmable, multiuse machine
that accepts data, ( raw facts and figures ) and
process ,or manipulates, it into information.
Information:
“processed data
information”
on
a
computer
CSC141 Introduction to Computer
Programming
is
called
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12. Parts of the Computer System
• Building Blocks of computer system
– Data (information)
– User
– Hardware
– Software
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13. Parts of the Computer System
• Data
– Pieces of facts
– Computer organize and present information
• Users
– People operating the computer
– Computer working for the people
– Users are most important part of the
computers
– Tell the computer what to do
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14. HARDWARE
• Physical Components of the Computer.
• TANGIBLE (can be touched)
SOFTWARE
•
•
•
•
Step-by-step instructions to perform the task.
Also called a program
INTANGIBLE (cannot be touched)
Programs and software interchangeable
terms
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Programming
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15. HARDWARE :
Major components of a Computer
•
•
•
•
•
INPUT DEVICES
OUTPUT DEVICES
CPU
MEMORY
STORAGE DEVICES
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Programming
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16. HARDWARE:
INPUT DEVICES
These devices allow the user to enter the data into
the computer.
These devices are;
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Scanner
• Pointer
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Programming
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17. HARDWARE:
OUTPUT DEVICES
Consist of devices that translate information
processed by the computer into human
understandable format.
These devices are:
• Printer
• Monitor
• Speaker
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Programming
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18. HARDWARE:
I/O DEVICES
Some devices are both input as well as output
devices.
Can perform I/O simultaneously.
• Touchpad Screens
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Programming
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19. HARDWARE :
CPU; Central Processing Unit
• Brain of the
computer.
• Two parts are:
– ALU
– CU
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Programming
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20. HARDWARE :
CPU; CONTROL UNIT
• Directs and coordinates flow of
data through the CPU and to
and from other devices
• Traffic cop
• CPU’s Instruction set is built into
the
Control
unit
called
Commands that a CPU can
execute
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Programming
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22. HARDWARE:
MEMORY
Two categories of Memory
• Volatile Memory
Loses its contents when the computer's
power is turned off
• Non-volatile Memory
Does not lose its contents when the
computer’s power is turned off
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23. HARDWARE:
MEMORY
Stores Data or programs
(workspace or archiving/storage space)
RAM: Random Access Memory (Volatile)
• Stores current Data and programs
• More RAM results in a faster system
ROM: Read Only Memory (non-volatile)
• Permanent storage of programs/instructions
• Holds the computer boot directions
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Programming
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24. HARDWARE:
Memory; CPU Registers (Part of ALU)
• High speed memory locations built directly
into the CPU
• Temporary storage location used by the
CPU (Scratchpad)
• Used to hold data currently being
processed
• Results of the calculations
• Very expensive that’s why very limited.
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Programming
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25. HARDWARE:
STORAGE DEVICES
• Hold data and programs permanently
• Different from RAM
• Magnetic storage; Uses a magnet to access data
(Floppy and hard drive, USB drives)
• Optical storage; Uses a laser to access data
(CD and DVD drives )
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Programming
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26. TYPES OF SOFTWARE
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Enables the application to interact with the computer
and manages the computer internal resources.
Examples:
– Operating System
– Device Drivers
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
It performs useful work on General-purpose task.
Examples:
– MS-Word
– PowerPoint
– Google (search engine)
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Programming
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27. Utility Programs
• Utility Programs provide services not provided
by the system software.
• Usually used to recover the system, data or
resources.
• Examples:
– Screen savers
– Data recovery
– Backup
– Virus protection
– Norton utilities
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28. How CPU works?
Four basic operations:
1. Fetch: obtain a program instruction or data
item from memory.
2. Decode: translate the instruction into
commands.
3. Execute: carry out the command.
4. Store: write the result into the memory
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Programming
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29. Machine Cycle
A Machine Cycle comprises i-time and e-time:
• Instruction time or i–time
to fetch and decode
• Execution time or e–time
to execute and store the
result
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Programming
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30. How CPU Synchronizes?
Through System Clock
System Clock Synchronizes all computer operations
• Train of binary pulses
• Faster clock speed means the CPU can
execute more instructions each second
• Units: MHz and GHz
Hz = cycles per second
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Programming
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32. Supercomputer
• Most powerful computers
• Physically largest in size
• Hundreds of thousands of processors that can process
huge amounts of data
• Perform over 1 quadrillion calculations per second. e.g.
IBM ASCI White, Cray
• Ideal for handling large and highly complex problems that
require extreme calculating power
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Programming
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33. Mainframe
• Mainly used by large organizations for critical
applications, typically bulk data processing
– Banks, Airlines, Insurance Companies
• Measured in millions of integer operations per
second (MIPS)
• Vary in size from small, to medium, to large,
depending on their use.
• Normally Dumb Terminals are connected to
these main frames. Processing is done by
Main Frames.
• Dumb terminals only have keyboard,
monitors.
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34. Minicomputers
• Class of multi-user computers that lies in between
mainframe computers (multi user) and microcomputers
or personal computers (single user)
• Midrange computer, such as the higher-end SPARC,
POWER and Itanium-based systems from Sun
Microsystems, IBM and Hewlett-Packard.
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36. Microcontroller
• Embedded computers are small in size,
specialized microprocessors
• Designed for small or dedicated applications
• Installed in "smart" appliances from automobiles
to washing machines
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37. What is IT?
Base of the Computer was/is:
digital signal;
Base of Communication devices
was analog signal transferred to digital signal
The day Communication changed its base from analog to
digital; There was natural merger of the two technologies
Computer and Communication
The following industries also joined : Mass storage, Consumer
Electronics, Entertainment, Multimedia
The Name given to the family
Information Technology : IT
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Programming
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38. Practice Quiz
1. What is the difference between data and
Information?
2. What is the difference between volatile and
non-volatile memory?
3. Memory is used for?
4. What does computer do in i-time and e-time?
5. How CPU synchronizes with its other
components?
6. Name a device which is both input and output?
7. Give few examples of utility software.
8. Name at least two operating systems (OS).
9. What is the use of embedded systems?
10.What is Information Technology?
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Programming
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