Sustainable IT for Energy Management: Approaches, Challenges, and Trends

Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie

Sustainable IT for Energy Management:
Approaches, Challenges and Trends

Invited Talk to Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology
13th March 2013

Edward Curry, Green and Sustainable IT

© Copyright 2011 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights
reserved.

Enabling Networked Knowledge

The
Environment
is
on
Everyone’s
Agenda

2

ICT’s
Mass
Produc:on
Carbon
Cost

ICT
Accounts
for

Approximately...

2%

…of
Global
CO2
Emissions.

3

Source
Gartner

McKinsey
2020
Report

ICTs
could
deliver
approximately
7.8
GtCO2
of
emissions
savings
in
2020,
represenFng
a

15%
of
emissions
cut
in
2020
and
600
billion
($946.5
billion)
of
cost
savings.
ICT
can

provide
business
soluFons
that
can
alleviate
at
least
ﬁve
Fmes
the
GHG
footprint
of
ICT

itself

Sustainable
IT

•  Align
all
IT
processes
and

pracFces
with
the
core
Reduce IT (1.0)
principles
of
sustainability,
2%

which
are
to
reduce,
reuse,

and
recycle;
and

•  Find
innovaFve
ways
to
use

IT
in
business
processes
to
98%

deliver
sustainability

beneﬁts
across
the

enterprise
and
beyond.

5

Improve Efficiency (2.0)

The
Two
Faces
of
Sustainable
IT

IT
For
Green
Smart
Buildings

Data
Collec:on
and
Collabora:on

De-‐materializa:on

Repor:ng
Technologies

Energy

e-‐Procurement
e-‐Waste

Management

Green
for
IT

Power

Data
Centre
Design
Virtualiza:on,
Cloud

Management,
PC

and
Opera:on
Compu:ng

Refresh
Cycle

Sustainability
1.0
Case
Study

Intel
IT
Vital
Stats
2012

100,100
Intel
employees

150
sites,
62
countries

6,400
IT
employees

56
global
sites

87
Data
Centers

~75,000
servers;

458,694
square
feet

>110,000
Devices

>90K
PCs
(80%+
mobile),

>20,000
Handhelds

Energy
Management Software

Employee-led Reduced
Activities Business Travel

Employee Telepresence
Bonus Energy Rooms
Efficiency at
LED Intel IT “LEED Gold”
Light Fixtures building design

Small Office IT High efficiency
Footprint Data Centers

Solar
Panels

Understanding
the
IT
Footprint

Data
Centres:
An
Ineﬃcient
Truth

Data
Center
Server
Processor

45
Wabs
supplied

to
IT
equipment

14
Wabs
supplied

Peripheral Slots 20%
to
CPU
80%

20%
Idle
U:lised

55%
45%
PSU 15% 32%

Power,
Cooling
IT
Load
Processor

&
Ligh:ng

Drives 5%

11.2
Wabs
used
for

100
Wabs
Up
to
88.8%
of
the
power
consumed
by
a
computa:on

Supplied

data
centre
is
used
before
computa8on

*
Source:
EPA
Report
to
Congress
on
Server
and
Data
Center
Energy
Eﬃciency,
August
2007

13

Server
Refresh

•  Moore’s
Law:
Doubling
of
chip
performance

every
18
months

•  Energy
consumed
by
the
chip
does
not
double

•  Moore’s
Law
drives
conFnuous
chip-‐level
energy

eﬃciency

Telepresence
and
Video
Conferencing

•  435,000
employee
travel
hours

•  $73
million
in
travel
expenses

•  65,000
metric
tons
of
CO2
emissions

Impacts
of
Sustainable
IT
@
Intel

•  Total
cost
savings
of
over
$114
million

•  Avoidance
of
more
than
87,500
metric
tons
of

CO2
emissions

•  Intel
was
named
to
Computerworld’s
2010
and

2011
lists
of
“Top
Green-‐IT
OrganizaFons”

Sustainable
IT

•  Align
all
IT
processes
and

pracFces
with
the
core
Reduce IT (1.0)
principles
of
sustainability,
2%

which
are
to
reduce,
reuse,

and
recycle;
and

•  Find
innovaFve
ways
to
use

IT
in
business
processes
to
98%

deliver
sustainability

beneﬁts
across
the

enterprise
and
beyond.

17

Improve Efficiency (2.0)

Opportunity

•  2010
MIT
Sloan
/
IBM
report
on
AnalyFcs

–  Embedding
business
insight
into
day-‐to-‐day

operaFons
is
criFcal
to
success

–  Single
greatest
opportunity
and
challenge
for
the

data-‐driven
enterprise

Energy
InformaFcs

Energy
+
InformaFon
<
Energy

•  Analyzing,
designing,
and
implemenFng

informaFon
systems
to
increase
energy
eﬃciency

•  Adding
informaFon
to
the
energy
equaFon
to

reduce
energy
consumpFon

R.
T.
Watson,
M.-‐C.
Boudreau,
and
A.
J.
Chen,
InformaFon
Systems
and
Environmentally
Sustainable
Development:

Energy
InformaFcs
and
New
DirecFons
for
the
IS
Community,€
MIS
Quarterly,
vol.
34,
no.
1,
pp.
23-‐38,
2010.

19

A
Smart
City
driver
of
change
will
be
Data.

Challenge

n  2010 MIT Sloan / IBM report on Analytics
¨  Embedding business insight into day-to-day
operations is critical to success
¨  Single greatest opportunity and challenge for
the data-driven enterprise

n  2010 survey of 600+ CIOs & IT Managers
¨  Paucity of sustainability information (i.e energy)
¨  Lost opportunity to leverage information to
improve sustainability
¨  Significant challenges ahead


Case Study: DERI Building

n  DERI Building
¨  No BMS or BEMS
¨  160 person Office space
¨  Café
¨  Data centre
¨  3 Kitchens
¨  80 person Conference
room
¨  4 Meeting rooms
¨  Computing museum
¨  Sensor Lab

24

Energy Management
System Brochure


Sensors

26 of 26

Energy Management
Software


New Engineering Building at
NUI Galway

Cost
-‐
€
40,000,000

28

Research Motivation
A Real-World Example

Cost
-‐
€
40,000,000

AirCon
8:30-‐11:00
&
15:00-‐16:00
Mon
to
Fri

CO2
levels

Occupancy
Parern

Time Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
ASHRAE

08:00-‐09:00
62.1-‐2010
09:00-‐10:00 237 237 200 237
10:00-‐11:00 237 237 237 200
11:00-‐12:00 237 180 180 145 237
12:00-‐13:00 237 200 237 200 149
13:00-‐14:00 145
14:00-‐15:00 221 237 145 140
15:00-‐16:00 221 120 160 140
16:00-‐17:00 149 250 160
17:00-‐18:00 200 160

29

Enterprise Energy Management

Energy Management Systems within an Enterprise will
need to support four key requirements


Holistic Energy Consumption

FaciliFes

Data
Centre
Business
Travel

Oﬃce
IT
Daily
Commute

Holis:c

Energy

Management


Business Context of
Energy Consumption

Energy

Finance Resource
Allocation

Human
Asset Mgmt Resources


Multi-Level Energy Analysis
CIO
Strategic Analysis CEO
Example KPI:
•  CIO needs high-level Energy used by
business function power global IT department
usage
•  CSO real-time carbon Helpdesk
emissions CSO Example KPI:
PUE of the
Tactical Analysis Data Center in Dublin

•  Manager needs energy
usage of business Maintenance Personnel
processes, business line or
Example KPI:
group kWhs used by
server 172.16.0.8

Operational Analysis
•  Technician needs
equipment power usage Building
•  Low-level monitoring
Sensors, events Data Center

33 of XYZ

Energy Situational
Awareness

n  Help users to:
¨  Understand energy data
¨  Make appropriate energy saving decisions
¨  Support energy performance objectives and
other business performance objectives
–  human resources (i.e. occupancy comfort)
–  enterprise resource planning (i.e. room utilization).


Key Challenges

n  Technology and Data Interoperability
¨  Data scattered among different information systems
¨  Multiple incompatible technologies make it difficult to use

n  Interpreting Dynamic and Static Data
¨  Sensors, ERP, BMS, assets databases, …
¨  Need to proactively identify efficiency opportunities

n  Empowering Actions
¨  Understanding of direct and indirect impacts of activities
¨  Embedding impacts within business processes

35

Future Trends for
Energy Management

Everything is Connected
and..

…Data is Shared on the
Web with Linked Data

Enabling networked knowledge

The Web of Data

Enabling networked knowledge

The Web of Data…

2008
2007 2008 2010
2009
2008 2009
2008

38
38

Linked Open Data cloud
- domains
BestBuy
http://lod-cloud.net/ Overstock.com
Facebook
US government
UK government
Media

User-generated

Government Publications
BBC
New York Times

Cross-domain
Geo
Life sciences

LinkedGeoData
Over 300 open data sets with more than 35 billion facts,
interlinked by 500 million typed links.
Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch.

39

CoAP = HTTP for sensors


CoAP Applications

41

CoAP Example

n  Accessing sensors from we browser using HTTP-CoAP
proxying – SPITFIRE Smart Service Proxy (SSP)


Energy Intelligence

n  Linked Dataspace for Energy Intelligence
¨  Uses Linked Data and CoAP to manage energy
¨  Transforms raw data into meaningful energy
information
¨  Enables effective strategic, tactical, and operational
decision-making for energy mgmt
¨  Provides energy consumption of business activities
so they can be understood and optimized


Linked dataspace for
Energy Intelligence

Organisation-level
Business Process Personal-level

Linked
dataspace
for

Energy
Intelligence

Office IT Corporate
Building Logistics
Data Center

44

Linked dataspace for
Digital Enterprise Research Institute
Energy Intelligence www.deri.ie

Energy Saving Applications
Applications

n 
Decision Support Energy Analysis
Systems Model
Energy and
Sustainability Dashboards
Situation Awareness
Apps
n  Energy Awareness

Semantic Event Processing
Complex Events
n 
Natural Language Interface
Services
Support

Entity Complex Event
Management
Data
Catalog
Provenance Search &
Query
Processing n 
Service Engine

n  Collaborative Data Mgmt.

n  Interlinked Cloud of Energy
Linked Data

Data

n  Resource Description
Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter
Framework (RDF)
Sources

n  Semantic Sensor Network
Ontology (SSN)
n  CoAP = Constrained Application
Protocol


Energy Saving Applications

Enterprise Energy Smart Buildings Green Cloud
Observatory Computing

Office IT Energy Mgmt. Personal Energy Mgmt.

Building Energy

1.  Data from
Enterprise
Linked Data
Cloud
2.  Sensor Data
3.  Building
Energy
Situation
Awareness

47 of 26

Linking Building Data

W3C SSN XG Ontology + DERI Rooms + CoAP


iEnergy – Personal


Example of Savings
Achieved


Selected References

Sustainability Use Cases
n  Curry, E., et al . (2011). An Entity-Centric Approach To Green Information
Systems. 19th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2011).
n  Curry, E., & Donnellan, B. (2012). Green and Sustainable Informatics. In,
Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices. John Wiley & Sons
n  Curry, E. et al. An Environmental Chargeback for Data Center and Cloud
Computing Consumers, in First International Workshop on Energy-Efficient
Data Centers, 2012.
n  Curry, E. et al, Building Optimisation using Scenario Modeling and Linked
Data, in 1st Workshop Linked Data in Architecture and Construction 2012
n  Curry E. et al, Enterprise Energy Management using a Linked dataspace for
Energy Intelligence. In: The Second IFIP Conference on Sustainable Internet
and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT) 2012.


Selected References

Information Management
n  Hasan, S. et al. (2011). Toward Situation Awareness for the Semantic
Sensor Web: Complex Event Processing with Dynamic Linked Data
Enrichment. 4th International Workshop on Semantic Sensor Networks
n  Hasan, S. et al, Approximate Semantic Matching of Heterogeneous Events,
in 6th ACM International Conference on Distributed Event-Based Systems
n  Curry E. (2012) System of Systems Information Interoperability using a
Linked Dataspace In: IEEE 7th International Conference on System of
Systems Engineering (SOSE 2012).
IT Management
n  Curry, E. et al. Developing an Sustainable IT Capability: Lessons From
Intel’s Journey, MIS Quarterly Executive, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 61-74, 2012.
n  Donnellan B. et al, (2011) A Capability Maturity Framework for Sustainable
Information and Communication Technology. IEEE IT Professional 13(1).
n  Curry E, et al, (2012) Sustainable IT: Challenges, Postures, and Outcomes,
IEEE Computer 15(11)


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