The document discusses building a Tic Tac Toe game console application using artificial neural networks and PHP. It covers setting up the Symfony Console component, an overview of ANN concepts like activation functions and learning types, using the FANN library for PHP, and includes code examples of implementing the game.

1. with PHP on a
Symfony Console
TicTacToe game
Artificial
Neural
Networks

2. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Agenda
1. Demo
2. Symfony Console
3. ANN Theory
4. PHP + FANN
5. Show me the code
6. Demo
7. Q&A

3. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Demo
vs.

4. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Symfony Console

5. DPCon 2015Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
Symfony Console - Installation
$~> composer require symfony/console

6. DPCon 2015Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
Symfony Console - Usage
#!/usr/bin/env php
<?php
require __DIR__ . ‘/../vendor/autoload.php';
use SymfonyComponentConsoleApplication;
$app = new Application();
$app->run();
bin/console

7. DPCon 2015Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
Symfony Console - Usage
#!/usr/bin/env php
<?php
require __DIR__ . ‘/../vendor/autoload.php';
use SymfonyComponentConsoleApplication;
$app = new Application();
$app->run();
bin/console
$ chmod +x bin/console
$ bin/console

8. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Symfony Console - Usage

9. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Symfony console style guide
https://github.com/symfony/symfony-docs/issues/4265
Created by @javiereguiluz
Improved by Symfony community

10. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Symfony Console - Helpers
Progress bar
Table
Question
Formatter

11. DPCon 2015Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
<?php
// create a new progress bar (10 units)
$progress = new ProgressBar($output, 10);
// start and displays the progress bar
$progress->start();
$i = 0;
while ($i++ < 10) {
// ... do some work
// advance the progress bar 1 unit
$progress->advance();
}
// ensure that the progress bar is at 100%
$progress->finish();
Command.php
Progress bar

12. DPCon 2015Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
Table
<?php
$table = new Table($output);
$table
->setHeaders(array('Component', 'Package'))
->setRows(array(
array('Console', 'symfony/console'),
array('Form', 'symfony/form'),
array('Finder', 'symfony/finder'),
array('Config', 'symfony/config'),
array('...', '...'),
))
;
$table->render();
Command.php

13. DPCon 2015Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
Question
<?php
$helper = $this->getHelper('question');
$question = new ConfirmationQuestion(
'Do you want to play again? ',
false
);
if (!$helper->ask($input, $output, $question)) {
$output->writeln("Bye bye!");
return;
}
$output->writeln("Let's play again!");
Command.php

14. DPCon 2015Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
Formatter
<?php
$formatter = $this->getHelper('formatter');
$formattedLine = $formatter->formatSection(
'Game finished',
'Player one wins.'
);
$output->writeln($formattedLine);
$errorMessages = array(
'Error!',
'Move already done.’
);
$formattedBlock = $formatter
->formatBlock($errorMessages, 'error');
$output->writeln($formattedBlock);
Command.php

15. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Helper helpers
$~> composer require phpgames/board-helper

16. DPCon 2015Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
Board
<?php
// Board example usage
$board = new Board(
$output,
$this->getApplication()
->getTerminalDimensions(),
3, // Board size
false // Don’t override the screen
);
// Update and display the board status
$board->updateGame(0,0,1);
Command.php

17. DPCon 2015Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
Board
<?php
// Board example - four in a row
$board = new BoardHelper(
$output,
$this->getApplication()
->getTerminalDimensions(),
4, // Board size
false // Don’t override screen
true // Board with backgrounded cells
);
// Update the board status (Player 1)
$board->updateGame(0,0,1);
// Update the board status (Player 2)
$board->updateGame(0,1,2);
Command.php

18. DPCon 2015Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
Board
<?php
// Example TicTacToe with overwrite
$board = new TicTacToeHelper(
$output,
$this->getApplication()
->getTerminalDimensions(),
3, // Board size
true // Overwrite screen
);
// Update the board status and display
$board->updateGame(1,1,1);
$board->updateGame(0,0,2);
$board->updateGame(2,0,1);
$board->updateGame(0,2,2);
$board->updateGame(0,1,1);
$board->updateGame(2,1,2);
$board->updateGame(1,0,1);
$board->updateGame(1,2,2);
$board->updateGame(2,2,1);
Command.php

19. DPCon 2015Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
Board
<?php
namespace PHPGamesConsoleHelper;
class Board
{
/**
* @var SymfonyComponentConsoleOutputOutputInterface
*/
private $output;
/**
* Clears the output buffer
*/
private function clear()
{
$this->output->write("e[2J");
}
// ...
Board.php
Instruction that
clears the
screen

20. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
There is a bonus helper

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on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
Symfony Console - HAL
<?php
$hal = new HAL($output);
$hal->sayHello();
Command.php

22. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Computer model that intends to simulate how the brain works
Artificial
Neural
Networks

23. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Input neuron
A typical ANN
Hidden neuron
Output neuron
Signal & weight

24. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Activation Functions
Functions to process the input and produce a signal as output

25. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Activation Functions
• Step - output is 0 or 1
• Linear Combination - output is input sum plus
a linear bias
• Continuous Log-Sigmoid

26. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Activation Functions
• Step - output is 0 or 1
• Linear Combination - output is input sum plus
a linear bias
• Continuous Log-Sigmoid

27. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Activation Functions
• Step - output is 0 or 1
• Linear Combination - output is input sum plus
a linear bias
• Continuous Log-Sigmoid

28. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Backpropagation
Backward propagation of errors
Passes error signals backwards through the network during training to update the weights of the network

29. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
ANN Types

30. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
ANN types
• Feedforward neural network
Information goes only in one direction, forward.
• Radial basis function network (RBF)
Interpolation in multidimensional space.
• Kohonen self-organizing network
A set of artificial neurons learn to map points in an input space to
coordinates in an output space.

31. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
ANN types
• Feedforward neural network
Information goes only in one direction, forward.
• Radial basis function network (RBF)
Interpolation in multidimensional space.
• Kohonen self-organizing network
A set of artificial neurons learn to map points in an input space to
coordinates in an output space.

32. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
ANN types
• Feedforward neural network
Information goes only in one direction, forward.
• Radial basis function network (RBF)
Interpolation in multidimensional space.
• Kohonen self-organizing network
A set of artificial neurons learn to map points in an input space to
coordinates in an output space.

33. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
ANN Learning

34. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
ANN Learning
• Supervised
• Unsupervised
• Reinforcement
• Supervised
• Unsupervised
• Reinforcement

35. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
ANN Learning
• Supervised
• Unsupervised
• Reinforcement

36. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
ANN Learning
• Supervised
• Unsupervised
• Reinforcement

37. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
With some slights adaptations to solve
We've used
Reinforcement Learning

38. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Temporal Credit Assignment
Problem

39. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
A word on Game Theory
and
Tic Tac Toe

40. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Don’t desperate, we are almost
there.

41. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Tic Tac Toe
• Perfect Information
• Deterministic
• Complete

42. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Tic Tac Toe
• Perfect Information
• Deterministic
• Complete

43. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Tic Tac Toe
• Perfect Information
• Deterministic
• Complete

44. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
If you want to have a challenging Tic Tac Toe game
MiniMax

45. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
(WTF) ANN with
Artificial Neural Networks with PHP
What The
Fann

46. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015

47. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Meet libfann & PECL fann
$~> sudo apt-get install libfann; sudo pecl install fann
(WTF) ANN with

48. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Enjoy!
(WTF) ANN with

49. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Show me the code!
(WTF) ANN with

50. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Demo
vs.

51. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015

52. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
The two neurons behind this talk

53. DPCon 2015Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
Ariel Ferrandini
• Symfony simple password encoder
service. (Symfony >=2.6).
• Symfony DX application
collaborator.
• PHPMad UG co-founder.
• Senior Backend Developer @
Lighthouse Guidance Systems Ltd.
@aferrandini

54. DPCon 2015Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
Eduardo Gulias
• EmailValidator
(Symfony >= 2.5, Drupal 8,
Swiftmailer 6 & others).
• ListenersDebugCommandBundle
(ezPublish 5).
• PHPMad UG co-founder
(Former Symfony Madrid).
• Team leader at
@egulias

55. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Resources
• Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_neural_network)
• Introduction for beginners (http://arxiv.org/pdf/cs/0308031.pdf)
• Introduction to ANN (http://www.theprojectspot.com/tutorial-
post/introduction-to-artificial-neural-networks-part-1/7)
• Reinforcement learning (http://www.willamette.
edu/~gorr/classes/cs449/Reinforcement/reinforcement0.html)
• PHP FANN (http://www.php.net/fann)

56. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Resources
• Repo PHPGames (https://github.com/phpgames/ANNTicTacToe)
• Repo Board helper (https://github.com/phpgames/BoardHelper)
• Repo HAL helper (https://github.com/phpgames/HALHelper)

57. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Thank you!
https://joind.in/14212

58. Artificial Neural Networks
on a Tic Tac Toe
console application
DPCon 2015
Questions?
https://joind.in/14212