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Upgrading the quality of research outputs of HEIs and promoting a culture of scholarship among Filipino educators,[object Object],Danilo B. Largo,[object Object],Director, Office of Research,[object Object],University of San Carlos,[object Object],Cebu City,[object Object],01,[object Object]
Outline:,[object Object],Defining research and research culture,[object Object],Quality of research in HEIs and symptoms of weaknesses,[object Object],Factors hindering the development of a strong research universities,[object Object],101 ways to promote a culture of scholarship among Filipino educators,[object Object],Research Performance evaluation ,[object Object],Benchmark of research quality,[object Object],02,[object Object]
Three (3) core processes in the University,[object Object],teaching, research, and extension,[object Object],+  production,[object Object],03,[object Object]
Research, defined,[object Object],Researchis a systematic process of collecting and analyzing information following a set of procedures in obtaining new knowledge. ,[object Object],04,[object Object]
Research approach:  vary depending on the field of specialization,[object Object],Basically follow a step by step process of:,[object Object],problem identification thru observation,[object Object],making a hypothesis,[object Object],constructing a theoretical framework ,[object Object],designing or adopting a method,[object Object],gathering of data,[object Object],processing the data, analyzing and interpreting, and ,[object Object],drawing conclusions and making recommendations,[object Object],			This is the Scientific Method,[object Object],05,[object Object]
Research in a bigger picture:,[object Object],Research is a cycle,[object Object],06,[object Object]
but… is doing research a culture in itself?,[object Object],Research by an individual for getting a degree (BS, MA/MS) is an initiation,[object Object],Research done by an individual as a habit is an individualculture,[object Object],Research done by a group of individuals in addressing a common problem is a groupculture,[object Object],07,[object Object]
Research culture exists in the university if the following elements are present:,[object Object],There is a critical mass of academics in a unit with a passion to do research.,[object Object],Lack of funding is not a deterrence to do research.,[object Object],Doing research is purpose-driven: to generate knowledge and filling one’s pocket, while desirable, is only secondary.,[object Object],Publications of output generated are primary measure of research accomplishment.,[object Object],There is a sense of bayanihan among the members of the research team; a community of researchers able to share talents and time with attention to quality of work.,[object Object],08,[object Object]
Research culture exists in the university if the following elements are present:,[object Object],Doing research is a tradition, like a habit.,[object Object],Each member of a research team contributes to knowledge generation as a whole.,[object Object],Inter- and intradepartmental collaboration exists.,[object Object],A mentoring system exist – the senior faculty guiding the (neophyte) junior faculty who in turn guides the students. ,[object Object],09,[object Object]
Research culture cannot be imposed ,[object Object],but is evolved through time.   ,[object Object],Enabling mechanisms  supporting research ,[object Object],(policies) in the university hastens this evolution.,[object Object],10,[object Object]
How then can a department in a university develop a research culture ?,[object Object],It starts with the person– i.e. the faculty, students,[object Object],By changing the traditional hiring policy of HAVING GOOD TEACHERS  and  NOT  HAVING GOOD RESEARCHERS !,[object Object],the Challenge isto have critical mass of good researchers ,[object Object],11,[object Object]
How a research culture develops in a department ?,[object Object],Indoctrination in research starts with:                          -   Faculty member’s exposure to department research, with peers acting as 	mentor, and                                                                                                                                    -  Faculty attending in professional organization’s annual 	meetings, 	symposia, conferences, etc.,[object Object],Building confidence:                                                              -  by having a research project and present findings in professional meetings.,[object Object],12,[object Object]
How to get started?,[object Object],Start at writing research proposals to get funding,[object Object],Get to know some funding sources                                           -  govtfunding agencies (GFAs), e.g. CHED, DOST,                                      -  foreign sources – e.g. USAID, AusAid, GTZ, Ford Foundation, Sumitomo Foundation, etc.-   in-house funding,[object Object],Know the application format of each agency,[object Object],Try for collaborative projects - one with seasoned researchers in the group,[object Object],Start small research, like a laboratory or a class exercise,[object Object],13,[object Object]
What else?,[object Object],Get mentored. Mentors are senior faculty who has track record in research,[object Object],Start writing a manuscript of your research output,[object Object],Present your output in internal forums:,[object Object],first, in regular round-table discussions of your department,[object Object],then, in in-house R&D review organized by the university,[object Object],Haveyour manuscript corrected (content, grammar) by your peers for improvement,[object Object],Present in a higher level forums organized by professional organizations outside the university.,[object Object],Publish your work and be known                                                                  -  i.e. in a professional journal, preferably peer-refereed/reviewed ,[object Object],14,[object Object]
What is the state of research in our HEIs?,[object Object],Beyond thesis and dissertation the academe hasnot (yet) done enough in research to address current issues and problems that propel economic progress. ,[object Object],15,[object Object]
Symptoms of weaknesses,[object Object],1. We are one of the lowest in Asia in the ff. indicators :,[object Object],low number of PhDs, scientists and engineers,[object Object],low number of publications in peer-reviewed journals,,[object Object],low number of journals in science and technology 		published in the Philippines which are ISI indexed,[object Object],low number of patents by own residents as applied to 	our IP Office,[object Object],low number of foreign direct investments in the 	country,[object Object],16,[object Object]
R & D Indicators Among ASEAN Countries,[object Object],17,[object Object]
Symptoms of weaknesses,[object Object],2. Patent landscape of PHL based on a 3-Yr Local Patent Applications (Source: IPO Phil),[object Object],18,[object Object]
Symptoms of weaknesses,[object Object],3.  Poor standing in the Global Competitiveness Index 2010-11.,[object Object],Switzerland tops the list, out of 139 economies in the 2010-2011 GCI,[object Object],followed by Sweden (no. 2), Singapore (no. 3) and U.S.A. (no. 4),[object Object],Philippines ranks  no. 85,[object Object],it ranked No. 87 in 2009-2010 and No. 71 in 2008-2009 ,[object Object],aside from Singapore, Malaysia (No. 26), China (No. 27), India (No. 51), above us in ASEAN are Thailand (38), Indonesia (44), Vietnam (59), and even Vietnam (no. 59) and Sri Lanka (No. 62).,[object Object],Rankings are calculated from both publicly available data and the Executive Opinion Survey,  a comprehensive annual survey conducted by the World Economic Forum ,[object Object],19,[object Object]
Symptoms of weaknesses,[object Object],4. Philippines lag behind in SEA in no. of research output.,[object Object],(all disciplines),[object Object],20,[object Object]
Factors hindering development of a strong research universities,[object Object],23,[object Object]
Limited national budget ,[object Object],[object Object]
mainly goes to personnel services and very little for capital expendituresFactors hindering development of a strong research universities,[object Object],24,[object Object]
Where are we?,[object Object],25,[object Object]
R&D Expenditure / GDP (%) in Asian Countries,[object Object],Source: JICA Seminar on National R&D Projects, Feb. 13-Mar. 18, 2001, Tokyo.,[object Object],26,[object Object]
Factors hindering development of a strong research universities,[object Object],2. 	Weak state policies and framework in research results in the poor generation of intellectual property outputs ,[object Object],results to our poor standing in the Global Competitiveness Index of WEF,[object Object],27,[object Object]
Factors hindering development of a strong research universities,[object Object],3.   Weak generation and protection of Intellectual Property,[object Object],IP as driver of economic development ,[object Object],IP as creation of the human mind in the various fields ,[object Object],IP as intangible asset when created, becomes tangible asset in the form of product – WIPO,[object Object],IP types:,[object Object],Copyrights, trademarks, patents, utility models, trade secrets, industrial designs, lay-out designs (in integrated circuits) ,[object Object],An IP-conscious academe helps drive the economy.,[object Object],28,[object Object]
The World Economic Forum’s  Global Competitiveness Reportindicates a correlation between the protection  of intellectual property rights and national competitiveness. In 2004, the 20 countries that were perceived as having the most stringent intellectual property protection were classed among the top 27 in the WEF’s growth competitiveness index. Conversely, the 20 countries perceived as having the weakest intellectual property regimes were ranked among the bottom 36 for growth and competitiveness.,[object Object],International Chamber of Commerce,[object Object],22,[object Object],Copyright, Office of Research,[object Object]
4. 	Unattractive salary package and lack of incentives (e.g. in publications) for our researchers,[object Object],results in brain-drain contributing to less and less people engaged in research, including a low ratio of scientists and engineers per million population ,[object Object],Factors hindering development of a strong research universities,[object Object],29,[object Object]
Factors hindering development of a strong research universities,[object Object],5. 	Lack of emphasis on research in university curricula,[object Object],[object Object],30,[object Object]
Factors hindering development of a strong research universities,[object Object],6. 	Little weight given to research performance vs. teaching in policies on ranking and promotion,[object Object],leads to poor research quality and the ability to innovate which are needed to  develop new technologies,[object Object],31,[object Object]
Factors hindering development of a strong research universities,[object Object],7.	Proliferation of gray literatures because of difficulty maintaining a peer-refereed journal due to:,[object Object],lack of capable person to lead (as editor),[object Object],lack of reviewers,[object Object],little or no budget allocated for its maintenance,[object Object],32,[object Object]
Factors hindering development of a strong research universities,[object Object],8.	Weak leaders and lack of dedicated and well-trained research mentors (who are not publishing),[object Object],Only result to weak researchers,[object Object],33,[object Object]
Factors hindering development of a strong research universities,[object Object],9.	Institution’s tendency to assign faculty members who have PhD in administrative or management posts, instead of assigning them in the laboratory,[object Object],this breeds only “disk researchers” instead of cutting-edge researchers,[object Object],34,[object Object]
Factors hindering development of a strong research universities,[object Object],10. Lack of Institutional Code of Ethics in Research,[object Object],[object Object],35,[object Object]
101 ways to promote a culture of scholarship among Filipino educators,[object Object],63,[object Object]
Improve research policies & frameworks,[object Object],[object Object]
Develop research agenda that address national, regional and local issues/needs
Institutionalized research in the academe thru policies that include:                                                                                                             -  reasonable budget                                                                                             -  a Manual ofResearch with provisions for giving incentives, e.g. cash reward 	for publication, for awards and recognition received in research, etc. ,[object Object],64,[object Object]
Improve research policies & frameworks,[object Object],[object Object],	-  in the proper use of IP’s to avoid misconducts such  as infringement, plagiarism, fabrication and falsification of data ,[object Object],	-  in dealingwith authorship issues in publications,[object Object],	-  of ethical practice in research involving humans and living animals as 	participants/subjects in research,[object Object],[object Object],65,[object Object]
Improve research policies & frameworks,[object Object],[object Object]
No more Non-thesis programs (esp. in sciences)-  this only promotes graduates without  research skills that is counterproductive to developing research-oriented graduates.66,[object Object]
2. Promote intellectual property system in the university: for economic gain,[object Object],[object Object]
Promote entrepreneurship as a mindset among researchers (e.g.- Silicon Valley started from university-based entrepreneurship)
Strive to publish                                                                                           - original research outputs in peer-refereed journals                                                         - textbooks, manuals, and other forms of copyrightable  materials67,[object Object]
3. Faculty/human resource development,[object Object],[object Object],getting a masters or doctoral degree give opportunities to learn research the way it should be.,[object Object],68,[object Object]
4. Administrator’s call,[object Object],[object Object]
Give weight to research performance as with teaching to encourage more faculty engaging in research.
Assign returning scholars to the research labs - to practice what they have learned rather than giving them admin positions.69,[object Object]
4. Administrator’s call,[object Object],[object Object]
Incentivize research  such as giving of cash rewards for every publications in peer-refereed journals, patents acquired,  recognition and awards received, etc.
Increase collaboration with research institutions                         - link with foreign institutions to imbibe new ideas                                                              - write joint research proposals with partners – for capability building
Hold regular small-group roundtable discussion on research among peers70,[object Object]
4. Administrator’s call,[object Object],[object Object]
Maintain a pool of good researchers, with good learning attitude as well as being team players – this is where a strong research culture develops
Improve the mentoring system                                                       -   involve students in research projects (e.g. as research assistants, field/laboratory assistants, etc.) – for them to gain experience and build confidence71,[object Object]
5. Researcher’s appeal,[object Object],[object Object]
Entice more Filipinos to return and help build the culture of research (more than the Balikscientist program)
Welcoming environment for returning scholars; provide opportunities to engage in research in their field of expertise.72,[object Object]
5. Researcher’s appeal,[object Object],[object Object]
Better coordination among government agencies to avoid redundancy in research programs resulting only to unnecessary waste of funds.73,[object Object]
5. Researcher’s appeal,[object Object],[object Object],	- e.g. adopt the Technology Transfer Act of 2009 and a Magna Cartafor 	Scientiststo encourage more researchers to stay home ,[object Object],-  e.g. give institutions tax relief for imported  research equipment ,[object Object],74,[object Object]
A strategy to strengthen research,[object Object],Research performanceevaluation- benchmarking -,[object Object],75,[object Object]
Research performance evaluation (benchmarking),[object Object],To answer such questions as:,[object Object],What is the relative standing of Institution A in important subject areas?,[object Object],Has this changed over time?,[object Object],How does the rate of research growth compare?,[object Object],How does the picture look in important niche areas?,[object Object],76,[object Object]
Search Tools- tracks citation counts for published articles,[object Object],Google Scholar,[object Object],Thompson ISI WoS,[object Object],SCOPUS– now called the  SciVerse Scopus,[object Object],77,[object Object]
Publications output and citation by InstitutionBased on Scopus AFFIL search,[object Object],79,[object Object]
80,[object Object]
Benchmark of Research Quality ,[object Object],36,[object Object]
Benchmark of Research Quality :,[object Object],Publications in peer reviewed journals,[object Object],Papers produced per faculty ,[object Object],Citations per faculty ,[object Object],37,[object Object]
1. Peer review,[object Object],Traditionally plays a central role in quality assurance of scientific research,[object Object],38,[object Object]
2. Papers produced per faculty,[object Object],tells of the critical mass of researchers a university has,[object Object],39,[object Object]
3. Citation per faculty,[object Object],Supplementary information for peer review,[object Object],Help to monitor the quality and integrity of the peer-review process,[object Object],Help identify the most suitable peer reviewers,[object Object],Relatedness of research,[object Object],Standing in field,[object Object],40,[object Object]
Popular Ranking Systems include research performance quality in ranking,[object Object],THE-QS World University Rankings,[object Object],QS.com Asian University Rankings,[object Object],Shanghai Jiao Tong University Academic Ranking of World Universities,[object Object],Asian University Research Rating System,[object Object],41,[object Object]
THE-QS World University Rankings,[object Object],Overall ranking,[object Object],Asian ranking,[object Object],Subject area rankings:,[object Object],Arts & humanities,[object Object],Life sciences and biomedicine,[object Object],Natural sciences,[object Object],Social sciences,[object Object],IT and Engineering,[object Object],42,[object Object]
THE-QS World University Rankings,[object Object],43,[object Object]
QS.com Asian University Rankings ,[object Object],44,[object Object]
Shanghai Jiao Tong University Academic Ranking of World Universities,[object Object],Original goal was to discern what kind of research gap existed between Chinese and “world-class” universities,[object Object],Institutions are compared and ranked on a strictly quantitative basis, with no room for subject impressions,[object Object],Academic and research performances are measured the following indicators and weighting:,[object Object],45,[object Object]

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Upgrading the Quality of Research Outputs of HEIs and Promoting a Culture of Scholarship among Filipino Educators by Dr. Danilo B. Largo

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  • 38. Develop research agenda that address national, regional and local issues/needs
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  • 44. Promote entrepreneurship as a mindset among researchers (e.g.- Silicon Valley started from university-based entrepreneurship)
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  • 48. Give weight to research performance as with teaching to encourage more faculty engaging in research.
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  • 51. Incentivize research such as giving of cash rewards for every publications in peer-refereed journals, patents acquired, recognition and awards received, etc.
  • 52. Increase collaboration with research institutions - link with foreign institutions to imbibe new ideas - write joint research proposals with partners – for capability building
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  • 55. Maintain a pool of good researchers, with good learning attitude as well as being team players – this is where a strong research culture develops
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  • 58. Entice more Filipinos to return and help build the culture of research (more than the Balikscientist program)
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