Join us at the Instructional Design History Journey. A New Instructional Design Model Will Be Added Every Week! Find more at: http://elearningindustry.com/instructional-design-models-and-theories 1932 - Psychologist Frederic Bartlett Proposes the Schema Theory. Check the following article and presentation to find more. If you are interested to learn more about Schema Theory please check: http://elearningindustry.com/schema-theory Last but not least, you are more than welcome to embed the Schema Theory presentation at your site of blog.

1. Instructional Design Models and Theories
Schema Theory

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3. Instructional Design Models and Theories
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A New Instructional Design Model Will Be Added Every Week!
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4. The Schema Theory
1932 – Psychologist Frederic Bartlett
proposes the Schema Theory.

5. Objectives
Schema Theory
• Who is the founder of Schema Theory
• What is the Schema Theory Structure
• Which are the 4 Key Elements of Schema Theory
• Which are the Practical Aspects of Schema Theory

6. Section 1
The Founder of Schema Theory

7. Frederic Bartlett
•
•
•
Sir Frederic Charles Bartlett (1886–
1969) was a British psychologist, the
first professor of experimental
psychology at the University of
Cambridge and one of the precursors
of cognitive psychology.
The schema theory was one of the
leading cognitivist learning theories
and was introduced by Bartlett in
1932 and further developed in the
’70s by Richard Anderson.
Bartlett advanced this concept to
provide a basis for a temporal
alternative to traditional spatial
storage theories of memory, since
schema theory describes the way
knowledge is acquired, processed
and cerebrally organized.

8. Section 2
The Schema Theory Structure

9. The Schema Theory Structure
• While exploring the recall of Native American folktales, Bartlett
noticed that many recalls were not accurate and involved the
replacement of unfamiliar information with facts already known.
• In order to categorize this class of memory errors, Bartlett
suggested that human beings apparently possess generic
knowledge in the form of unconscious mental structures
(schemata) and that these structures produce schematized errors in
recall when they interact with incoming information. Thus, it is
through schemata that old knowledge influences new information.
• So, basically, schemata (plural of schema) are psychological
concepts that were proposed as a form of mental representation
for selected chunks of complex knowledge, which are then stored in
the long-term memory.

10. Section 3
The 4 Key Elements of a Schema

11. The 4 Key Elements of a Schema
1. An individual can memorize and use a
schema without even realizing of doing so.
2. Once a schema is developed, it tends to be
stable over a long period of time.
3. Human mind uses schemata to organize,
retrieve, and encode chunks of important
information.
4. Schemata are accumulated over time and
through different experiences.

12. Section 4
The Practical Aspects of Schema
Theory

13. The Practical Aspects of Schema Theory
• Schema theory emphasizes on the importance
of generic knowledge that will help the
formation of mental representations. In the
educational process, the task of teachers
would be to help students develop new
schemata and establish connections between
them – something that will eventually
improve their memory. Of course, background
information and prior knowledge are vitally
important, as well.

14. The Practical Aspects of Schema Theory
• Mathematical problem solving
A research showed that 3rd graders taught to
use schemata to solve mathematical problems
performed better than their peers who were
taught to solve them in four steps (read – plan
to solve – solve – check).

15. The Practical Aspects of Schema Theory
• Motor learning
Discrete motor skills are performed in a short period of
time, and involve the use of our senses to understand what
is happening and then of our bodies to take action. Since
most movements are unique, our ability to perform a
movement class is represented by three things, according
to Richard A Schmidt (1974):
1.
2.
3.
a generalized motor program that captures the basic
movement form
a recall schema that provides info about specific situations
and intentions
a recognition schema that allows us to realize a mistake we
have made

16. The Practical Aspects of Schema Theory
• Reading comprehension
Schema theory is often used to assist the
learning of a second language, since it usually
requires reading many texts in the target
language. If we fail to create a sufficient
number of schemata when reading a
text, then reading comprehension and
consequently mastering another language will
become difficult.

17. SchemaTheory
Find more at:
Schema Theory

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