2. Definition of Cognitive Presence
Garrison suggests this is using a “community
of inquiry” in order to carry out “critical
thinking and practical inquiry”
3. Phases of Cognitive Presence
Triggering
event
Exploration
Integration
Resolution
8. Intention
Engage learners
Move learners beyond the discussion concept
Motivate learners to utilize critical thinking process
9. Challenge: Maintain cognitive presence as the
classroom transforms to an online platform
Use effective tools to create a community that is
engaged in dialogue
CONTENT
11. Triggering Event
Students are posed with an
ethical question in the
blackboard discussion
board, and asked to take a
side.
12. Exploration
Students are required to
find articles, websites, or
any sources of information
to support their
arguments, and post them
on the discussion board.
13. Integration
All students are required
to comment on each
other’s postings. This
stimulates critical
thinking, and allows
students to be more
communicative with each
other, and reflect on
their own postings.
14. Resolution
Students are to apply the information exchanged by
developing group presentations arguing for their side
of the topic.
15. Why is this important?
When moving to an online classroom, students often
feel disconnected from each other, and the
instructor. Regular communication helps students
stay active in the class.
16. Recommendations
Enhancing the discussions through:
Pre-structured threads: encourage students in groups to
share insights
Scaffolding: probing questions by the instructor
Role assignments: learners have roles in simulated
scenarios
Debate: encourages contrasting viewpoints amongst learners
18. References
Darabi, A, Arrastia, MC, Nelson DW, and Liang X. (2011) Cognitive presence in
asynchronous learning: a comparison of four discussion strategies. Journal of
Computer Assisted Learning. 27, 216-227.
Garrison, D.R, Anderson, T, Archer, W. (2004). Critical Thinking, Cognitive
Presence, and Computer Conferencing in Distance Education. Retrieved November
1, 2013 from:
http://cde.athabascau.ca/coi_site/documents/Garrison_Anderson_Archer_CogPre
s_Final.pdf
McKerlich, R., et. al. (2011). Student Perceptions of Teaching Presence, Social
Presence and Cognitive
Presence in a Virtual World. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 7(3).
http://jolt.merlot.org/vol7no3/mckerlich_0911.htm
Park, C L. (2009). Replicating the Use of a Cognitive Presence Measurement Tool.
Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 8, 140-155. Retrieved November 1, 2013
from: http://www.ncolr.org/jiol/issues/pdf/8.2.3.pdf