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Chapter 13
The Business Process
Management Notation
Gero Decker
Remco Dijkman
Marlon Dumas
Luciano Garçia-Bañuelos

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Contents
• BPMN
• BPMN and YAWL
• Modelling aspects in BPMN:
– Control-flow
– Data
– Resource
– Exception
• Transforming BPMN into YAWL:
– Control-flow
– Data
– Resource
– Exception

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BPMN
The Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN)
• Graphical notation for conceptual processes
• Covers control, data, authorization, exception
• Standardized by OMG
• Current version 1.2
Issue
Trackpoint
Notice
Log Trackpoint
Order Entry
Freight delivered
Initiate
Shipment
Status Inquiry
more Trackpoints
Create
Acceptance
Certificate
24 hours

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BPMN and YAWL
BPMN
YAWL
more
abstract
more
concrete
more
requirements
oriented
more
implemnt.
oriented
more
implemnt.
freedom
less
implemnt.
freedom
more
business
oriented
more
technology
oriented

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Modelling with BPMN – Control Flow
Activities
loop
task
+
collapsed
sub-process
~ +
ad-hoc
sub-process
multi-instance
task

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Modelling with BPMN – Control Flow
Events
start event
intermediate
event
end event
decorations: message
error
time

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Modelling with BPMN – Control Flow
Gateways
AND
XOR
Event-based

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Modelling with BPMN – Control Flow
Example
Issue
Trackpoint
Notice
Log Trackpoint
Order Entry
Freight delivered
Initiate
Shipment
Status Inquiry
more Trackpoints
Create
Acceptance
Certificate
24 hours

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Modelling with BPMN – Data
Example
Issue
Trackpoint
Notice
Log Trackpoint
Order Entry
Freight delivered
Initiate
Shipment
Status Inquiry
more Trackpoints
Create
Acceptance
Certificate
24 hours
Trackpoints Trackpoint Notices Trackpoint Order
Entries Log
Acceptance Certificate

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Modelling with BPMN – Resource
Example
Issue
Trackpoint
Notice
Log Trackpoint
Order Entry
more Trackpoints
Carrie
r
Carrier
Admin
Officer

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Modelling with BPMN – Exception
• Exception events
• 'Throw' events
• 'Catch' events
Catch Exception event
Throw

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Modelling with BPMN – Exception
Example
Create
Purchase
Order
Approve
Purchase
Order
Confirm
Purchase
Order
Ordering
Modify
Purchase
Order
Order not
approved
Order not
approved
Order
approved
Order
timed out

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BPMN to YAWL – Control Flow
Trivial cases
Timeout /
Receive

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BPMN to YAWL – Control Flow
Non-Trivial cases
• Multiple subsequent gateways
• Multiple start events
• Multiple end events
• Multi-instance tasks

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BPMN to YAWL – Data
• Data is loosely defined in BPMN
• Data handling is strict in YAWL
• Hence, data usage must restricted in BPMN
(to be able to map to YAWL)

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BPMN to YAWL – Data
Restricted usage:
• Define data types in XML Schema
• Define expressions in XQuery

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BPMN to YAWL – Data
Restricted usage
Task
Process
has variables
has variables
assignment at
start of task
assignment at
end of task

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BPMN to YAWL – Data
Mapping is now trivial

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BPMN to YAWL – Resource
• Mapped from swimlanes
• Swimlanes are loosely defined in BPMN
Issue
Trackpoint
Notice
Log Trackpoint
Order Entry
more Trackpoints
Carrie
r
Carrier
Admin
Officer

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BPMN to YAWL – Exception
Throw/catch event
+
B
C
e
B
C
e
~e
e :=true
default: e := false

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BPMN to YAWL – Exception
Timer event
A
e
B
C
A
e
B
C

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BPMN to YAWL – Exception
Rule event
+
B
C
e
B
C
A1
e
~e
A1 A2
A2
e:=true
default: e := false

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Conclusion
• BPMN is used more for conceptual modelling
• YAWL is used for workflow modelling
• In a process design project BPMN comes before YAWL
• BPMN can be mapped to YAWL
• This helps in a design step