This chapter discusses database management and describes key concepts. It explains that data must be organized and processed to become useful information. Various techniques are presented for maintaining high quality data, including adding, changing, deleting records, and validating data. The chapter differentiates between a file processing system and database approach, describing how databases reduce redundancy and improve access. It also outlines the functions of database management systems and characteristics of different database types like relational, object-oriented and multidimensional. Finally, the roles of database analysts, administrators and users are discussed.
2. Chapter 10 Objectives
Identify the qualities of valuable informationIdentify the qualities of valuable information
Explain why data is important to an
organization
Explain why data is important to an
organization
Discuss the terms character, field, record,
and file
Discuss the terms character, field, record,
and file
Identify file maintenance techniquesIdentify file maintenance techniques
Differentiate between a file processing system
approach and the database approach
Differentiate between a file processing system
approach and the database approach
Discuss the functions common to most
DBMSs
Discuss the functions common to most
DBMSs
Describe characteristics of relational, object-
oriented, and multidimensional databases
Describe characteristics of relational, object-
oriented, and multidimensional databases
Explain how Web databases workExplain how Web databases work
Discuss the responsibilities of databases
analysts and administrators
Discuss the responsibilities of databases
analysts and administrators
Next
3. Data and Information
What is data ?
p. Fig. 10-1 Next
Collection of unprocessed items, which can
include text, numbers, images, audio, and video
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4. Data and Information
What is Information ?
p. Fig. 10-3 Next
Processed data; that is, it is organized, meaningful, and
useful
The processes this new
member data and
payment data
5. Data and Information
How a fitness center might
process data into
information ?
p. Fig. 10-2 Next
Step 1. The member data,
including a photograph, is
entered and stored on a
hard disk
Step 2. A computer
extracts the member
data from the disk and
obtains the amount due
based on the type of
membership plan
Step 3. When the amount
due of $39.50 is paid, the
receipt is created and
printed. (The Weekender
plan is $39.50 per month.)
Web server for
www.company.com
6. Data and Information
What is Database and Database Software ?
p. Fig. 10-4 Next
Collection of data
organized in a manner
that allows access,
retrieval, and use of that
data
Often called a databases
management system
(DBMS), users create a
computerized databases
7. Data and Information
What is Data Integrity ?
p. Fig. 10-5 Next
Data is one of their more
valuable assets
Data is used to generate
information
Data Integrity identifies the
quality of the data
Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO)
is a computer phrase that means
you cannot create correct
information from data that is
incorrect
A
8. Data and Information
What are Qualities of Valuable Information?
p. Next
Cost-effective
information should give
more value than it costs
to produce
Cost-effective
information should give
more value than it costs
to produce
Accessible information
is available when the
decision maker needs it
Accessible information
is available when the
decision maker needs it
Timely information has
an age suited to its use
Timely information has
an age suited to its use
Organized information
is arranged to suit the
needs and
requirements of the
decision maker
Organized information
is arranged to suit the
needs and
requirements of the
decision maker
Useful information has
meaning to the person
who receives it
Useful information has
meaning to the person
who receives it
Verifiable information
can File Processing
Versus Databases oven
as correct or incorrect
Verifiable information
can File Processing
Versus Databases oven
as correct or incorrect
Accurate information is free errorAccurate information is free error
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9. The Hierarchy Of Data
What is Characters ?
p. Fig. 10-7 Next
The smallest unit of data
the computer can process
10. The Hierarchy Of Data
What is Fields ?
p. Fig. 10-8 Next
Combination of one or more related
characters
11. The Hierarchy Of Data
What is records ?
p. Fig. 10-9 Next
Group of related fields
Key field
Primary field
12. The Hierarchy Of Data
What is Files ?
p. Fig. 10-10 Next
Collection of related records stored on disk such as a
hard disk, CD, or DVD
13. Maintaining Data
What is Adding Records ?
p. Fig. 10-11 Next
Users add new records to a file when they
obtain new data
14. Maintaining Data
What is Changing Records?
p. Fig. 10-12 Next
Correct inaccurate data or
Update old data with new data
15. Maintaining Data
What is Deleting Records ?
p. Fig. 10-13 Next
A record no longer is
needed, a user deletes it
from file
16. Maintaining Data
What is validating data ?
p. Fig. 10-14 Next
Process of comparing data with a
set of rules or values to find out if
the data is correct
Alphabetic/numeric check
Range check
Consistency check
Completeness check
Check digit
17. File Processing Versus Databases
What is File Processing System ?
p. Fig. 10-15 Next
Each department or area within and organization has its
own set of files
Have two major weaknesses
Data redundancy
Isolated data
18. File Processing Versus Databases
What is Database approach ?
Many programs and users share the data in the
database
p. Fig. 10-16 Next
Reduced data
redundancy
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Improved data
integrity Shared data
Easier access
Reduced
development
time
19. Database Management Systems
What is Data dictionary ?
p. Fig. 10-18 Next
Contains data about each
file in the database and
each field within those file
Sometimes called a
repository
20. Database Management Systems
What is a Query and Query Language ?
p. Fig. 10-19 Next
A query is a request for specific data from the
database
A query language consists of simple, English-like
statements that allow users to specify the data to
display, print, or store
21. Database Management Systems
p. Fig. 10-2 Next
.
How to use the simple query wizardHow to use the simple query wizard
Step 1: select the
fields from
the available
fields list that
you want to be
displayed
Step 2: assign a name
to the query, so you
can open it later
Step 3: view the query
results on the screen
22. Database Management Systems
What is Data security ?
p. Fig. 10-22 Next
A DBMS provides means to ensure that only
authorized users access data at permitted times
Define the actions that a specific user or group of users
can perform
23. Database Management Systems
What is Backup and Recovery ?
p. Figs. 10-20–10-21 Next
A backup, or copy, of the entire
database
Which is listing of activities that
change the contents of the
database
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24. Relational, Object-Oriented, and
Multidimensional Databases
What is Relational Database ?
p. Fig. 10-25 Next
A database that store data in
tables that consist of rows and
columns
A relationship is a
connection within the
data
25. Relational, Object-Oriented, and
Multidimensional Databases
What is Object-Oriented Database (OODB) ?
Stores data in objects
Examples of OODB :
p. Fig. 10-16 Next
Multimedia
Database
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Groupware
Database
Computer-aided
design database
stores
Hypertext
database Web database
27. Web Databases and Database
Administration
What is Database Design Guidelines ?
p. Fig. 10-29 Next
A carefully designed database
makes it easier for a user to query
the database, modify the data,
and create reports
28. Web Databases and Database
Administration
What is Role of the Database Analysts and Administrators ?
p. Fig. 10-31 Next
Responsible for managing and coordinating all
database activities
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29. Web Databases and Database
Administration
What is Role of the Employee as a User ?
p. Fig. 10-32 Next
Should learn how to use the data in the database
effectively
30. Summary of Database Management
Discussed how data and information are
valuable assets to an organization
Discussed how data and information are
valuable assets to an organization
Presented methods for maintaining high-
quality data and assessing the quality of
valuable information
Presented methods for maintaining high-
quality data and assessing the quality of
valuable information
Discussed the advantages of organizing data
in a database and described various types of
database
Discussed the advantages of organizing data
in a database and described various types of
database
Presented the roles of the database analysts
and administrators
Presented the roles of the database analysts
and administrators
Chapter 10 Complete