HVAC System | Audit of HVAC System | Audit and regulatory Comploance.pptx
Chapter 10:Biodiversity/Forests/Forest Management
1. Chapter 10: Sustaining Terrestrial
Biodiversity
The Ecosystem Approach
Case Study: The Reintroduction of the Gray Wolf to Yel
2. Why Should We Care About Biodiversity?
Intrinsic Value
Instrumental Value
Use Value: For the
usefulness in terms of
economic and
ecological services.
Nonuse Value:
existence, aesthetics,
bequest for future
generations.
Figure 10-3
3. Types of Forests
Old-growth forest: uncut or
regenerated forest that has not
been seriously disturbed for
several hundred years.
22% of world’s forest.
Hosts many species with
specialized niches.
Figure 10-5
4. Types of Forests
Second-growth forest: a stand of trees resulting
from natural secondary succession.
Tree plantation: planted stands of a particular
tree species.
Figure 10-6
6. Forest Benefits
1. Influence local climates: 4. Roots hold soil: reduce
cooler and moister due erosion
to transpiration 5. Watershed protection:
2. Global biogeochemical absorb, hold and slowly
cycles: provide a sink release water,
for CO2 controlling floods
3. Release O2 6. Provide habitat for many
organisms
9. Reducing Tropical Deforestation
Encourage protection of large tracts
Sustainable tropical agriculture
Debt-for-nature swaps
Reduce illegal
cutting
Reducing poverty and population growth
Refer to Fig. 11-19 p. 213
10. Amazon Rainforest
Satellite
image of deforestation in
the Amazon region,
taken from the Brazilian
state of Para on July 15,
1986.
http://www.bsrsi.msu.edu/rf
rc/index.html
11. Boreal Deforestation
Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, North Russia
11% of earth’s land area – world’s largest biome
Frequently clear cut
Primary source of industrial wood and wood
fiber
Annual loss twice the Amazonian rainforest of
Brazil
12. Temperate Forests
Have been holding steady or increasing in recent
years
Biodiversity lower than in virgin forests
Reasons include:
Secondary succession of abandoned farms
Commercial planting
Government protection
13. Results of Deforestation
1. Threatens native people and cultures
2. Decreased soil fertility
3. Soil erosion
4. Increased sedimentation in streams
5. Formation of deserts in dry areas
6. Unregulated water – droughts and floods
7. Species extinction
8. Migrating species affected
9. Regional and global climate change
10. Increased CO2 in atmosphere
14.
Selective Cutting
The hard maple forest is
managed under a selection
system. Individual trees are
harvested from stands on a 28
year cycle. Specific trees are
retained in these stands for
biodiversity and wildlife
habitat purposes.
25. Types and Effects of Forest Fires
Depending on their intensity, fires can benefit or harm forests.
Burn away flammable ground material.
Release valuable mineral nutrients.
Figure 10-13
26. Kenya’s Green Belt Movement:
Individuals Matter
Wangari Maathai founded
the Green Belt Movement.
The main goal is to
organize poor women to
plant (for fuelwood) and
protect millions of trees.
In 2004, awarded Nobel
peace prize.
Figure 10-10A
27. The Green Belt Movement
Wangari Maathai
talks about the Billion Tree Campaign
Earth Focus: Wangari Maathai