1. TOURISM
a rapidly growing industry
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tL2RojjNu2E/Uff8qWYWSnI/AAAAAAAAfyc/x_p077qfa-k/s400/shutterstock_97739021.jpg

2. In 2010, 940 million people were recorded as arriving in a country from abroad
because of tourism. This is worth $919 billion dollars, making tourism one of the
world's largest industries. (Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO))
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/tourism/tourism_trends_rev1.shtml

3. 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008 2009 2010
Europe 261.5 304.1 385.6 439.4 485.2 461.5 476.6
Asia
55.8 82.0 110.1 153.6 184.1 180.9 203.8
and
the
pacific
Americ
as
92.8 109.0 128.2 133.3 147.8 140.6 149.8
Africa 14.8 18.9 26.5 35.4 44.4 46.0 49.5
Middle
9.6 13.7 24.1 36.3 55.2 52.9 60.3
east
International Tourist Arrivals (in millions)
World tourism increased by 78%
between 1995 and 2010.
The share of the tourism pie for each
region has changed.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/tourism/tourism_trends_rev1.shtml

4. In your notebook write the
changes you can see:
From 1990 to 2000;
From 2000 to 2010.

5. In your notebook describe the trends in international tourist arrivals
shown in the graph.

6. Rank Country International arrivals 2012
1 France 83.0 million
2 United States 66.7 million
3 China 57.7 million
4 Spain 57.5 million
5 Italy 46.4 million
6 Turkey 35.7 million
7 Germany 30.4 million
8 United
Kingdom
29.3 million
9 Russia 25.7 million
10 Thailand 22.4 million
Source: UNWTO
World’s top 10 tourism destinations 2012

7. Why has tourism increased?
• More holidays
• In many developed
countries people can
expect to receive a
minimum four weeks paid
holiday a year.
• Improvements in
transport
• It now takes just 24 hours
to reach countries on the
other side of the world.
The more transport
networks develop the
cheaper travel becomes
increasing the chances to
go on holiday leading to
the growth in tourism.
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/geography/tourism/revise-it/growth-in-tourism
http://www.ramadaedmonton.com/sites/default/files/tourist.g
if
http://www.theresearchpedia.com/wp-content/uploads/image/social%20media%20for%20tourism
%20industry.gif

8. Why has tourism increased?
• Development
tourism is used by
Governments in the
developed and
developing world to
provide employment,
earn foreign currency
and diversify the
economy.
• Elderly population
Numbers of retired
people in the developed
world are higher than
ever before. They have
cash and are living
longer than ever before.
http://wikitravel.org/upload/shared//thumb/b/be/Burj_Dubai.jpg/250px-Burj_Dubai.jpg
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/geography/tourism/revise-it/growth-in-tourism

9. Why has tourism increased?
• Changes in society
People now consider a
holiday as an essential not
the absolute luxury it used
to be.
• Increased affluence
Wages have increased and
prices are comparatively
cheaper than ever before,
therefore we have a greater
disposable income than
ever before. The reduction
in air-fares and cheaper
package holidays have also
contributed to an increase
in tourism.
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/geography/tourism/revise-it/growth-in-tourism
http://www.sfu.ca/medicaltourism/images_layout/stock_photos/iStock_000002738246Small.jpg

10. Why has tourism increased?
• Communication
The internet is now
increasingly used as a
tool for booking
holidays. It is more
convenient and cheaper
than using travel
agents.
• Exposure
Through television
programmes, social
media and advertising,
people are becoming
more aware of other
countries and tourism
opportunities.
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/geography/tourism/revise-it/growth-in-tourism
http://www.webseoanalytics.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/social_media_tourism_1.jpg
http://pad2.whstatic.com/images/thumb/1/1b/Develop-a-Tourism-Business-Step-2.jpg/670px-Develop-a-Tourism-Business-Step-2.jpg

11. The Butler Model of Tourist Resort Development
The purpose of the Butler Model is to look at the way that tourist
resorts, grow and develop.
http://worldlywise.pbworks.com/f/Butler's%20model.jpg
The Butler Model breaks
down tourist resort
development into six
stages.

12. A small
number of
adventurous
tourists visit
the area. The
area is
unspoiled and
few tourist
facilities exist.
Very few
locals are
involved in
tourism.
More
tourists
arrive.
Facilities for
tourists such
as hotels,
restaurant,
shops and
other
services are
built. Local
people
begin to
become
involved in
the industry.
Big companies start to see the potential of the
area and start to invest money in the region. They
build large hotel complexes and sell package
holidays. The numbers of tourists swell
dramatically and massively expands the number
of job opportunities for people in the local region,
in both tourist related jobs and in construction
and services.
.
http://worldlywise.pbworks.com/f/Butler's%20model.jpg

13. Competition from other resorts,
congestion and noise as well as
a loss of the original features
can cause the resort to stop
growing. The number of tourists
starts to decline, threatening
local businesses and services
The local economy is probably
dominated by tourism and
many local people will make
their money from this type of
industry. There will be
continued building and
expansion of the resort BUT
some of the older buildings
will start to become
unattractive and a lower
quality client base might
result.
Investment and modernisation
may occur which leads to
improvements and visitor
numbers may increase again.
If the resort is not
rejuvenated then it
will go into decline.
People lose their
jobs related to
tourism. The image
of the area suffers.
http://worldlywise.pbworks.com/f/Butler's%20model.jpg

14. BUTLER’S MODEL
CASE STUDY:
COSTA DEL SOL ,SPAIN
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-
C3pVa7GRGnA/TtEA7B0L1ZI/AAAAAAAAITE/ML2ohvSxSUo/s640/costa-del-sol-map2.jpg

15. EXPLORATION: During the1950’s Benidorm and the rest
of the Mediterranean coast was full of small fishing villages.
A few overland (hitchhikers) might visit to camp, walk, fish,
etc.

16. INVOLVEMENT:A few hotels and apartments
appeared. However, roads and infrastructure was still
poor.
Attracted by clean beaches, warm weather, traditional
villages.
1960’s – less than 1 million annually

17. DEVELOPMENT: 1970’s – Over 3 million visitors annually. Bigger
hotels started to be developed. Roads improved. Restaurants and
discos opened
Big increase in package holidays from the UK and France. Air travel
became cheaper.

18. http://emirateseconomist.blogspot.com/2008/05/travel-boom-bust-or-bubble.html
CONSOLIDATION:1980’s – over 7 million visitors
annually. Airports upgraded in Balearic and Canary
islands. Advertisement
Road and rail links improved further

19. STAGNATION: Early
1990’s resorts like
Benidorm were
saturated. Hotels
become tired and
dated. Repeat
customers began to
get bored.
Environmental
damage.
Overcrowding
For more information go to
-http://bptourism.wikispaces.com/5.+Tourism+in+Benidorm

20. DECLINE: 1990’s – economic downturn
in Europe. Boredom with beach
holidays. Madrid train bombings.
Cheaper international flights meant
more people were going further e.g. SE
Asia .
People were looking for more culturally
and environmentally interesting
destinations

21. http://www.turismoysaludcostadelsol.com/
REJUVENATION: Low-cost airline (Ryanair and Easyjet). City breaks (Madrid and
Barcelona). Resurgence of local food and culture e.g. paella and Pamplona
Introduction of more theme-based holidays e.g. golf and water sports

22. In your notebook name the different types of holidays
that are now offered in the Costa del Sol area.

23. References
http://geographyfieldwork.com/ButlerModel.htm
http://coolgeography.co.uk/GCSE/AQA/Tourism/Life%20cycle%20model/Tourism%20Model.htm
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/tourism/tourism_uk_rev1.shtml
http://greenfieldgeography.wikispaces.com/IGCSE+and+GCSE+Tourism
http://www.turismoysaludcostadelsol.com/
http://worldlywise.pbworks.com/f/Butl's%20model.jpg
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-C3pVa7GRGnA/TtEA7B0L1ZI/AAAAAAAAITE/ML2ohvSxSUo/s640/costa-del-
sol-map2.jpg
Illustrations