1. Coastal landforms such as cliffs, headlands, and bays are formed by coastal erosion processes. Cliffs are formed through wave attack and collapse. 2. Headlands are areas of resistant rock that project into the sea while bays form in less resistant areas after erosion. 3. Longshore drift is the process where oblique waves cause a longshore current that transports sediment along the coast in a zig-zag pattern.

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2. Coast
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Tide al
Coast measu
s proce
s res
3. sses
Cur
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Transpor sitio
ts Erosion tation n
For
For
ms
ms
Forms
Spits Beache
Spits
Tombol
1. Cliffs & Wave cut platforms
2. Headlands & Bays
1

2. Definitions
Cliffs
A steep
rock
face
along a
coast.
Can tilt
forward
s or
backwar
ds.
2

3. 2.Erosion process
Formation of Cliffs and of weaknesses (A)
attacks lines Wave cut platforms
3.Notch ( narrow
pass/cut) will be
deepened to produce a
cave
4. Undercutting of the cave
results in an
overhanging cliff (B)
5.Overhanging cliff may
collapse (C)
6. Cliff retreats further inland with
3

4. Definitions
Headlands
Extensions of bedrock
jutting out into the sea
usually with a cliff.
Resistant towards
erosion.
Bays
Body of water
connected to the seas
due to surrounding land
blocking off some waves
4

5. 2.The less resistant rocks will be
Formation of Headlands and Bays
eroded faster than the more
resistant hard rocks.
(A)
3.When the softer rocks
are eroded away, bays
are formed.
4.The remaining hard
rocks extending into
the sea are known as
headlands. (B)
5

6. Overview
6

7. describe a
the
1.Waves reach the coast at an oblique angle creates
longshore current
process of
2.The materials move in a zigzag pattern in a down
drift direction ( beach drift)
longshore
3.The swash carries materials up the beach at the
same angle as when the wave approaches the
shore
driftbackwash and any
4.As the swash dies away, the
[4]
materials carries by it return straight down the
beach at right angles to the water line due to
gravity.
5.Longshore drift = beach drift + longshore current 7

8. The process by which waves are
been or turned from its origin
3
Wave refraction
1. Waves usually approach
coast at an angle
2. But when it hits the
headlands, the energy is
concentrated and erodes
the headlands
3. The energy is spread out
as it moves towards the
2
bay. Results in deposition
1
of sentiments at the bay-
8
forms beaches.