This document discusses routing and menus in Drupal 8. In Drupal 8, hook_menu() has been replaced by static configuration in YAML files. Routing is defined in module.routing.yml, which maps paths to controller methods. Menu items are defined separately in module.menu_links.yml. This provides a cleaner separation of routing from menu display. Dynamic routes can also be defined by returning route objects from a callback method. Route alterations can be done through event subscribers. Other menu-related items like tabs and actions also have their own configuration files.

1. GOODBYE HOOK_MENU()
ROUTING AND MENUS IN D8

2. About the Speaker
 Joonas Iivonen
 Senior developer at Exove
 Architecture and development of
web and mobile applications with
Drupal or PHP framework core
 Managing the applications competence

3. Exove in Brief
ExoveisaleadingNorthernEuropeancompanyspecialisinginopen
sourcewebservicesdesignanddevelopment.
WehelpcompaniesconductbetterbusinessontheInternet
throughbest-of-breedpersonnelandsolutions.
Quickfacts:
 Founded2006
 Over70people
 Servedmorethan170clients
 OfficesinFinland,Estonia,andtheUK
 Solidfinancialstatus

4. hook_menu()
 Hook_menu() has been defining menu items
and page callbacks since for ever
 But it’s not there any more in Drupal 8
 How do we handle the menus and routing then?

5. In Drupal 7…

6. To make this…

7. and this…

8. and this…

9. or this…

10. You did something like this
function hello_menu() {
$items['hello/world'] = array(
'title' => 'Hello World',
'description' => 'Hello World menu item in hook_menu()',
'type' => MENU_NORMAL_ITEM,
'page callback' => '_hello_world',
'access arguments' => array('access content'),
);
$items['hello/%'] = array(
'description' => 'Hello callback with argument in hook_menu()',
'type' => MENU_CALLBACK,
'page callback' => '_hello_someone',
'page arguments' => array(1),
'access arguments' => array('access content'),
);
return $items;
}

11. With something like this
function _hello_world() {
return t('Hello World!');
}
function _hello_someone($name) {
if (is_null($name)) {
$hello = t('Hello You!');
}
else {
$hello = t('Hello ') . $name . '!';
}
drupal_set_title($hello);
return $hello;
}

12. How about Drupal 8?

13. To make this…

14. and this…

15. and this…

16. You need: routing.yml…
hello.world:
path: '/hello/world’
defaults:
_content:
'DrupalhelloControllerHelloController::world’
_title: 'Hello World’
requirements:
_permission: 'access content'
hello.someone:
path: '/hello/{name}’
defaults:
_content:
'DrupalhelloControllerHelloController::someone’
_title_callback:
'DrupalhelloControllerHelloController::someoneTitle’
requirements:
_permission: 'access content'

17. And menu_links.yml…
hello.world:
title: 'Hello World'
description: 'Hello World menu item'
route_name: hello.world

18. And the code in controller
class HelloController {
public function world() {
return array(
'#markup' => t('Hello World!'),
);
}
public function someone($name) {
$hello = t('Hello ') . $name;
return array(
'#markup' => $hello,
);
}
public function someoneTitle($name) {
$hello = t('Hello ') . $name;
return $hello;
}
}

19. Routing
 Routing system matches paths to controllers
 Based on Symfony2
 Static configuration in module’s
module.routing.yml file

20. Drupal 8
hello.world:
path: '/hello/world’
defaults:
_content:
'DrupalhelloControllerHelloController::world’
_title: 'Hello World’
requirements:
_permission: 'access content’
Drupal 7
$items['hello/world'] = array(
'title' => 'Hello World',
'description' => 'Hello World menu item in hook_menu()',
'type' => MENU_NORMAL_ITEM,
'page callback' => '_hello_world',
'access arguments' => array('access content'),
);

21. Drupal 8
hello.someone:
path: '/hello/{name}'
defaults:
_content:
'DrupalhelloControllerHelloController::someone'
_title_callback:
'DrupalhelloControllerHelloController::someTitle’
requirements:
_permission: 'access content’
Drupal 7
$items['hello/%'] = array(
'description' => 'Hello callback with argument',
'type' => MENU_CALLBACK,
'page callback' => '_hello_someone',
'page arguments' => array(1),
'access arguments' => array('access content'),
);

22. Route in detail
hello.someone:
path: '/hello/{name}'
defaults:
_content:
'DrupalhelloControllerHel…
_title_callback:
'DrupalhelloControllerHel…
requirements:
_permission: 'access content’

23. Route in detail
hello.someone:
path: '/hello/{name}'
defaults:
_content:
'DrupalhelloControllerHel…
_title_callback:
'DrupalhelloControllerHel…
requirements:
_permission: 'access content’
Machine name

24. Route in detail
hello.someone:
path: '/hello/{name}'
defaults:
_content:
'DrupalhelloControllerHel…
_title_callback:
'DrupalhelloControllerHel…
requirements:
_permission: 'access content’
Path,
with named parameter for
controller or form

25. Route in detail
hello.someone:
path: '/hello/{name}'
defaults:
_content:
'DrupalhelloControllerHel…
_title_callback:
'DrupalhelloControllerHel…
requirements:
_permission: 'access content’
Where to get the content?
_content, _form, _entity_view, ...

26. Route in detail
hello.someone:
path: '/hello/{name}'
defaults:
_content:
'DrupalhelloControllerHel…
_title_callback:
'DrupalhelloControllerHel…
requirements:
_permission: 'access content’
Who has the access?
_permission, _role,
_entity_access, ...

27. Dynamic routes
 Configuration in module.routing.yml
route_callbacks:
- 'DrupalexampleRoutingExlRoutes::routes’
 And method returns either
 an array of SymfonyComponentRoutingRoute
objects or
 a SymfonyComponentRoutingRouteCollection
object
 See for example Views

28. Altering routes
 Event Subscriber triggered by
RoutingEvents::ALTER
 Configuration in module.services.yml
services:
example.route_subscriber:
class:
DrupalexampleRoutingRouteSubscriber
tags:
- { name: event_subscriber }
 Again check Views for an example

29. Menus
 Menus are configured in module’s
module.menu_link.yml file
 To manage menus you need to use menu_link
module (menu_link_save and so on)

30. Menu items in detail
hello.world:
title: 'Hello World'
description: 'Hello World menu item'
route_name: hello.world
hello.world_2:
title: 'Hello World child'
description: 'Hello World menu item'
route_name: hello.world
parent: hello.world

31. Other items
 Like menus local tasks, actions and contextual
links are defined in configuration files:
 module.local_tasks.yml
 module.local_actions.yml
 module.contextual_links.yml

32. Summary
 Static configuration from hook_menu() has been
moved to different configuration files in YAML
format
 module.routing.yml is referenced by others
 Routes point to callables or forms in class format
 For altering routes you need an even subscriber
 There are Symfony ways to learn

33. THANK YOU!
Questions? Comments?