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ComfarComfar
‫آﻣﻮزش‬ ‫ﻛﻼس‬
COMFAR III
‫ﻓﺮوردﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﻼﻣﺮﺿﺎ‬
09126447490
٢
ComfarComfar
‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎي‬
1-‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺮﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻮدآوري‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬.‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫ده‬ ‫زﻳﺎن‬ ‫وﻧﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﺳﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪاري‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ،‫ﻻزم‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫از‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫درآﻣﺪﻫﺎي‬ ،‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬.
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻗﻼم‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻗﻼم‬‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ،‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬.‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻳﺠﺎد‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻛﻨﺎن‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻤﺰد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‬ ،‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺋﻲ‬‫و‬ ‫اوﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‬ ،‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﮔﺮان‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻤﺰد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎرف‬.
‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬:
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻔﺎر‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ‬
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ComfarComfar
VP
F
Q
−
=
P
V
١
F
S
−
= ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬)‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻠﻎ‬(
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬=F
‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬=V
‫ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬=P
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﺿﺮاﺋﺐ‬‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻚ‬
‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬ ،‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻻزم‬‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺒﺎرت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اي‬‫ﺳﻮدﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اي‬‫ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ي‬.‫ﻫﺮﭼﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫اي‬‫ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮد‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺮي‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮدآوري‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻴﻦ‬.
‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬)‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬(
٤
ComfarComfar
‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬‫در‬‫ﮔﺮدش‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩ‬‫ﺳﻮد‬‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬
+
+
‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬‫ﺳﻬﺎﻣﺪاران‬
‫ﺳﻮﻩ‬‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬
2-‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬‫ﮔﺬاري‬
‫ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬‫ﮔـﺬاري‬)‫ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺮدش‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬(‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬‫آﻳﺪ‬.‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﺎﻣﺪاران‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬.
=R‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬‫ﮔﺬاري‬
100*
=Re‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫آﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎدﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزدﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬
١٠٠*
٥
ComfarComfar
3-‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬‫ﮔﺬاري‬
‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ،‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪي‬ ‫درآﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬
‫ﻃﺮح‬)‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ﺳﻮد‬+‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬+‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬(‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬.‫ﻣﺴﺎوي‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫درآﻣﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.
‫درﺁﻣﺪ‬‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫آﻞ‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬‫ﮔﺬاري‬
=‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫دوره‬
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ComfarComfar
‫زﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ،‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎوي‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫درآﻣﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ‬ ‫در‬‫درآﻣﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪي‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ،‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫ﺷﺮوع‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫از‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮداري‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬‫ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮد‬
‫ﺣـﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫دوره‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫دوره‬‫ﺑﺮﮔـﺸﺖ‬ ‫دوره‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬ ،‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎد‬ ‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬
‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪي‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬.‫ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮاﻗﻌﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫روش‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫رﻳﺴﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪار‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪان‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬.
‫ﻧﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬ ‫اﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزآوردن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ،‫روش‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮد‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲ‬ ‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﺳﻮدآوري‬‫ﻣﻄـﺮح‬ ‫ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪﺷﺪن‬ ‫دوره‬ ‫روش‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﺮﻓ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮح‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪﺷﺪن‬ ‫دوره‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬.
‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬.
٧
ComfarComfar
4-‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻜﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫اوﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي‬ ‫ﻴﺖ‬‫ﻧﺤﻮي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫اوﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮي‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺮي‬.‫ﺑـﺮ‬
‫دﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬ ،‫ﺳﻮد‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرت‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬ ،‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬،‫ﺑﻬـﺮه‬ ،‫ﺑﻴﻤﻪ‬ ،‫ﺘﻤﺰد‬
‫اﻻﻣﺘﻴﺎز‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻣﺰد‬)‫روﻳﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬(
‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫رواﺑﻂ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.
‫داده‬ ‫ارزش‬‫ﻫﺎ‬–‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪه‬ ‫ارزش‬‫ﻫﺎ‬=‫ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرت‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎده‬ ‫ارزش‬
‫داده‬ ‫ارزش‬‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴـ‬ ‫آوردن‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺪات‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬)‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬ ،‫اﻧﺮژي‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎرف‬ ،‫ﻣﻮاد‬(
)‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬+‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎرف‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬+‫ﻛﻤﻜـﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺻـﻠﻲ‬ ‫اوﻟﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮاد‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ‬(–
‫ﻓﺮوش‬=‫ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬
‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اي‬‫ﻣـﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻴـﺪه‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺧـﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬ ،‫ﺷﻮد‬‫اﮔـﺮ‬ ،‫ﺷـﻮد‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬‫آﻳﺪ‬.
‫ﻣﺒﻠﻎ‬‫ﻓﺮوش‬‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ارزش‬‫اﻓﺰودﻩ‬
=‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬
100*
٨
ComfarComfar
‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬‫ارزي‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬‫ارزي‬
‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬‫ارزي‬
‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﲞﺶ‬)‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬+‫ﮔﺮﺩﺵ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬(
5-‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬‫ﻣـﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛـﺎﻻي‬ ‫ورود‬ ‫ﻋـﺪم‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدل‬ ،‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬‫ﻣﺤـﺼﻮل‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎرج‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮر‬ ‫از‬ ،‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬.‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬.
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬-‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻻي‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬=‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬)‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫در‬(‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬)‫ارزش‬C&F(
100*
=‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬
100*
=‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
100*
٩
ComfarComfar
‫آﻞ‬‫هﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﲞﺶ‬)‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬(
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﲞﺶ‬)‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬(
6-‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ‬ ‫رﻳﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻗﻼم‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫ﮔﻴـﺮي‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي‬ ‫اﻳﺠﺎد‬.
=‫واﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬
) =‫واﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬-1=(‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬
‫آﻞ‬‫هﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬
١٠
ComfarComfar
7-‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ارزش‬
‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ورودي‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪي‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬ ‫واﻗﻊ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوع‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪي‬‫زﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﺮي‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫آورده‬ ،‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻪ‬.
‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻻت‬‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدل‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫دوره‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ‬‫ﺑﺮداري‬‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫ﺷﺮوع‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ده‬
‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪي‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ،‫ﻧﻘﺪي‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬.‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ارزش‬‫ﺑﻮدن‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ده‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬.
١١
ComfarComfar
∑= +
n
t
t
t
I
CF
١ )١(
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ارزش‬=N.P.V
‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪي‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬t=CFt
‫ﭘﺮوژﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوع‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬=t
‫ﺳﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزدﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬=I
=N.P.V
١٢
ComfarComfar
8-‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎوي‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺧﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺧﻲ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬
‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬)Internal Rate of Return(‫واﻗﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ،
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬.‫اﺟﺮاي‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬
‫داﺧ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬‫ﻗﺮارﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫وام‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ،‫ﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫وام‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺳﭙﺮده‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزار‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬.
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ComfarComfar
9-‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺳﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ،‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ارزﺷﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫دﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬.‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺮد‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺳﻮددﻫﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫اﺣﺘﻴﺎط‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي‬.
‫ﺗﻐﻴ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻴﺮات‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ،‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺶ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬.
‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬
10+%‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫و‬‫ﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬)‫از‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬(‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬10%‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ،‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪوده‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫درآﻣﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎزار‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ورود‬ ‫اوﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮآورد‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺮده‬.
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ComfarComfar
‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎي‬
‫اراﺋ‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫روﺷﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫آﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬،‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻳﺎرد‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬‫از‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬‫آن‬ ‫اﺟﺮاي‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬.
‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﻋﺪاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ارﻗﺎم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻧﻈﺮات‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻮﺟﻮد‬
‫ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫رد‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪوده‬ ،‫ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‬.
ً‫ﻼ‬‫ذﻳ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اي‬‫ﻋﻤﺪه‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎي‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬:
1-‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫وام‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬‫ﺪت‬)19-17(%
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎوي‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ‬.
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2-‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬
‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬:
‫ﺳﺒﻚ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي‬5-3‫ﺳﺎل‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي‬7-5‫ﺳﺎل‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي‬12-7‫ﺳﺎل‬
3-‫رﻗ‬ ‫وﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﭼﻘﺪر‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻢ‬
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اوﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮوي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬50%-30%‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬.
4-‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬35‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬.
5-‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬35‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬.
6-‫ارزي‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫از‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬3‫ﻇﺮف‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮض‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ،‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬3‫ﻗﺪر‬‫آن‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬
‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫ارز‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻳﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫را‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮي‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ‬.
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ComfarComfar
7-‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬
‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫وام‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ،‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزدﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬‫ﺑﺎزار‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬.‫ﺷﺮح‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬.
‫ﺳﺒﻚ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي‬30%‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي‬30-20%
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي‬30-12%
١٧
ComfarComfar
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻔﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ‬
comfar expert
١٨
ComfarComfar
-‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ورود‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫وارد‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮه‬
‫اﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫روي‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ورود‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬Comfar‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬)1(‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎر‬ ‫دو‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)1(
١٩
ComfarComfar
‫اﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬Comfar‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)2(‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫درﺑﺎرة‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬.‫ﻃﻮر‬‫ﻫﻤﺎن‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬
‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬licensee, serial number, Version‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)2(
‫دﻛﻤﻪ‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬OK‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬Comfar‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬)3(‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬.
٢٠
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)3(
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوع‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬)3(‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬New project‫ﻣﻨﻮي‬ ‫از‬ ‫را‬File‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺮده‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬)4(‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬.
٢١
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)4(
‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫در‬.‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬Project type‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬
‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬-‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬:
industrial)‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬(
Agricultural)‫ﻛﺸﺎورزي‬(
Infrastructure)‫زﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮاﻧﻲ‬(
Tourism)‫ﺗﻮرﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﮕﺮدي‬(
Mining)‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬(
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫راﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬)4(‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬-‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬:
Opportunity study
Feasibility study
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬Feasibility study‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬‫ﻛﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬.
‫دﻛﻤﻪ‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬OK‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)5(‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬.
٢٢
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)5(
‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬Project Identification‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬)6(‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬.
٢٣
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)6(
٢٤
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬)6(‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬Project title‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﭗ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬
Project description‫و‬ ‫اﺣﺪاث‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ،‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮي‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬...‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﭗ‬.‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬
Pate and time‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﭗ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬.‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬Project classification‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬:
-‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬)New project(
-‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﺮوژه‬)Expansion / rehabilitation project(
-‫اﺷﺘﺮاﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﺮوژه‬)Joint- venture project(
‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬.
‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫در‬Depth of analysis‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬.
-‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬Financial analysis
-‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬Economic analysis
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫در‬Special feature …‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬
‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬)7(‫آﻳﺪ‬‫درﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬.
٢٥
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)7(
٢٦
ComfarComfar‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ‬:
١-Cost center analysis:‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاردي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫دارد‬.‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫زﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫وﻳﮋه‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫داده‬ ‫ورود‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬6‫ﺧ‬ ‫روﺑﺮو‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻳﺠﺎد‬ ‫را‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻮاﻫﺪ‬6‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬:
-‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬Production
-‫اﻧﺒﺎر‬Storage
-‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬Environmental
-‫ﺑﺎزارﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬Marketing
-‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت‬Services
-‫اداري‬ ‫اﻣﻮر‬Administration
‫اﻳﻦ‬6‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫اﺻﻼح‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﺬف‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬.‫در‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ،‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ،‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬.
٢-Cost allocation
‫اﻧ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاردي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺎب‬.‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫اﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬‫ﻲ‬.
٣-in flation
‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮرم‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗﻮرم‬.
‫ﻳﻌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪي‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮرم‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻤﻮل‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻨﻲ‬Revaluation of fixed assets‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.
٢٧
ComfarComfar
۴-Escalate first vear
‫ﺗﻮان‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوع‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫اوﻟﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬‫ﻛﺮد‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬.‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬.‫آوري‬‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣﺜ‬
‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮآورد‬ ‫وﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬2‫ﺻ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫درآﻳﺪ‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻮد‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫آﻳﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﻮرت‬
‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫وﻳﮋه‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬2‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺎر‬.
۵-Stock model
‫روش‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدش‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮدي‬ ‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬)‫اﻟﮕﻮرﻳﺘﻢ‬(‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬
‫از‬:
۵-١-Quantity model
۵-٢-Total value model
‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬.
‫ﺷ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﺪام‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫وﻳﮋه‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺮاﻳﻂ‬
‫دﻛﻤﻪ‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬OK‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)8(‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬.
٢٨
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)8(
.‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬Planning horizon)‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬(‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)9(‫آﻳﺪ‬‫درﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
٢٩
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)9(
٣٠
ComfarComfar
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬ ‫در‬Month of balance‫وا‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺗﺮاز‬ ‫ﻣﺎه‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫دار‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺎز‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫اداﻣﻪ‬ ‫در‬‫را‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺷﺮوع‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫د‬)Begin(
‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺎز‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮداري‬‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬)Lengths(‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫و‬
‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺪازي‬‫راه‬)Start up phase(‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮداري‬‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫دورة‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬ ‫و‬.‫درج‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎر‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﺪام‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬.
‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫اﺟﺮاي‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻓﺎز‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬.‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬‫ﻫﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬‫ﺎﻻﻧﻪ‬)Yearly(،‫ﻧﻴﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬)Half- yearly(،‫ﻣﺎﻫﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬)Quarterly(،‫ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ‬)Monthly(‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫و‬)User- defined(‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
default‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬.‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻢ‬ ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣﺜ‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬Half- yearly‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬Number of periods‫ﻋﺪد‬2‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﮕﺎه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫درج‬insert‫ﻣﺎﻫﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺶ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬.
‫دﻛﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬Ok‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)10(‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬.
٣١
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)10(
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬Product‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬product‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)11(‫آﻳﺪ‬‫درﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬.
٣٢
ComfarComfar
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬.‫ﮔﺰﻳ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫درج‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻨﻪ‬
Accept Edit‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫وارد‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻮرد‬New
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫وارد‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬.
‫دﻛﻤﻪ‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬OK‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)12(‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)11(
٣٣
ComfarComfar
.‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬‫ﻫﻤﺎن‬Currencies)‫ﭘﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎي‬(‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫اﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬)13(‫آﻣﺪ‬ ‫درﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)12(
٣٤
ComfarComfar
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬New‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﻮارﻫﺎي‬ ‫اداﻣﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ﭘﻮل‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ‫ﻧﻮارﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬(type(‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻮل‬ ‫اﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬‫ﭘﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬(Name(‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﭗ‬.‫ﻣﺨﻔﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫در‬
‫ﭘﻮل‬)Abbreviation(‫ﺗﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﭗ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﭘﻮل‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎري‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖ‬‫ﭘﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﭘﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫درج‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬.‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬Accept Edit‫وارد‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﭘﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎي‬
‫دﻛﻤﻪ‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫اﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬OK‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬ ‫در‬)14(‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)13(
٣٥
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)14(
‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬Discounting)‫ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬(‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻮراد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬)15(‫آﻳﺪ‬‫درﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬.
٣٦
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)15(
٣٧
ComfarComfar
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬NPV‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬.‫ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬
‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬:
End of First year(=١٢/١)
Beginning of first year
‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﭘﻮﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎن‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪاي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫و‬ ‫اول‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺑﻴﻨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬NPV‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬.
‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬)Total investment(‫ﻧﻘﺪي‬ ‫آورده‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫و‬)Total equity
colitis(‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫درج‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬Modified intend Rate of Return‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬)16(‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬.
٣٨
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)16(
٣٩
ComfarComfar
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬MIRR‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮح‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺪد‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫دو‬‫ﺑﻴﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫دﻛﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬Ok‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)16(‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬.‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻨﺪ‬
‫از‬:
fixed investment costs
production costs
Sale programs
Sources of finance
Tax, ellowances
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺑﺎز‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﻨﺠﺮه‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﺪام‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻮاﻫﺪ‬.‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﺪام‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت‬ ‫اداﻣﻪ‬ ‫در‬.
‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اوﻟﻴﻦ‬Fixed investment costs‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬)17(‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬)17(‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬:
٤٠
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)17(
٤١
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)18(
٤٢
ComfarComfar
١) Land purchase ‫زﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪ‬
٢) Site Preparation and dev ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ‬
٣) Civil work, structures ‫ﻋﻤﺮاﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻫﺎي‬
۴) Plant machinery and equ ‫اﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
۵) Auxiliary and service ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
۶) Environmental protection ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫زﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬
٧) incorporated fixed esset ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬
٨) Pre production ‫ﺑﺮداري‬‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬
٩) Contingencies ‫ﻧﺸﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‬‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬‫ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺬف‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻧﺪ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻴﻦ‬.‫ﺗﻮان‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﺪام‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫وﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫داراي‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت‬ ‫آﻻت‬‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﮔﺮ‬ ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣﺜ‬‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫را‬ ‫آﻻت‬‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬.
٤٣
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)19(
٤٤
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)20(
٤٥
ComfarComfar
‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت‬‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫آﻻت‬‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬ ‫ان‬
)22(‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬.‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬Currency‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ﻗﺴﺖ‬ ‫در‬
‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎدش‬ ‫اﻓﺘﺎده‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬Escalation‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫وارد‬.
‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪي‬ ‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬Depreciation condition‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬.
‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬)Type(‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ،)Rate(‫ﻗﺮاﺿﻪ‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ،)Scrap(‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬.‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬.‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮن‬ ‫در‬)Quantity(‫ﭘﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮن‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬)Price(‫درج‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫دﻫﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫دو‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻀﺮب‬ ‫ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت‬ ‫ﺳﻮم‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫دﻛﻤﻪ‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬OK‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻞ‬.
٤٦
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)21(
٤٧
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)21(
٤٨
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)22(
٤٩
ComfarComfar
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)23(
٥٠
ComfarComfar
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‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)30(
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ComfarComfar
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬:
‫ﻓﺮوردﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﻼﻣﺮﺿﺎ‬ ‫رﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻬﺎدي‬‫ﻓﺮوردﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﻼﻣﺮﺿﺎ‬ ‫رﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻬﺎدي‬
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Comfar learning 1

  • 2. ٢ ComfarComfar ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎي‬ 1-‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺮﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻮدآوري‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬.‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫ده‬ ‫زﻳﺎن‬ ‫وﻧﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﺳﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪاري‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ،‫ﻻزم‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫از‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫درآﻣﺪﻫﺎي‬ ،‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬. ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻗﻼم‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻗﻼم‬‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ،‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬.‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻳﺠﺎد‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻛﻨﺎن‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻤﺰد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‬ ،‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺋﻲ‬‫و‬ ‫اوﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‬ ،‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﮔﺮان‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻤﺰد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎرف‬. ‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬: ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻔﺎر‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ‬
  • 3. ٣ ComfarComfar VP F Q − = P V ١ F S − = ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬)‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻠﻎ‬( ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬=F ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬=V ‫ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬=P ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﺿﺮاﺋﺐ‬‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻚ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬ ،‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻻزم‬‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺒﺎرت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اي‬‫ﺳﻮدﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اي‬‫ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ي‬.‫ﻫﺮﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫اي‬‫ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮد‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮدآوري‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻴﻦ‬. ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬)‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬(
  • 4. ٤ ComfarComfar ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬‫در‬‫ﮔﺮدش‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩ‬‫ﺳﻮد‬‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ + + ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬‫ﺳﻬﺎﻣﺪاران‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻩ‬‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ 2-‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬‫ﮔﺬاري‬ ‫ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬‫ﮔـﺬاري‬)‫ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدش‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬(‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬‫آﻳﺪ‬.‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﺎﻣﺪاران‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬. =R‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬‫ﮔﺬاري‬ 100* =Re‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫آﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎدﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزدﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ١٠٠*
  • 5. ٥ ComfarComfar 3-‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬‫ﮔﺬاري‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ،‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪي‬ ‫درآﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬)‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ﺳﻮد‬+‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬+‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬(‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬.‫ﻣﺴﺎوي‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫درآﻣﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺷﻮد‬. ‫درﺁﻣﺪ‬‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫آﻞ‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬‫ﮔﺬاري‬ =‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫دوره‬
  • 6. ٦ ComfarComfar ‫زﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ،‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎوي‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫درآﻣﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ‬ ‫در‬‫درآﻣﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪي‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ،‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫ﺷﺮوع‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫از‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮداري‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬‫ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮد‬ ‫ﺣـﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫دوره‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫دوره‬‫ﺑﺮﮔـﺸﺖ‬ ‫دوره‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬ ،‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎد‬ ‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪي‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬.‫ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮاﻗﻌﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫روش‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫رﻳﺴﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪار‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪان‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬. ‫ﻧﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬ ‫اﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزآوردن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ،‫روش‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲ‬ ‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﺳﻮدآوري‬‫ﻣﻄـﺮح‬ ‫ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪﺷﺪن‬ ‫دوره‬ ‫روش‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﺮﻓ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮح‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪﺷﺪن‬ ‫دوره‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬. ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬.
  • 7. ٧ ComfarComfar 4-‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻜﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫اوﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي‬ ‫ﻴﺖ‬‫ﻧﺤﻮي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫اوﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮي‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺮي‬.‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫دﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬ ،‫ﺳﻮد‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرت‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬ ،‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬،‫ﺑﻬـﺮه‬ ،‫ﺑﻴﻤﻪ‬ ،‫ﺘﻤﺰد‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺘﻴﺎز‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻣﺰد‬)‫روﻳﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬( ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫رواﺑﻂ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﺷﻮد‬. ‫داده‬ ‫ارزش‬‫ﻫﺎ‬–‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪه‬ ‫ارزش‬‫ﻫﺎ‬=‫ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرت‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎده‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ارزش‬‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴـ‬ ‫آوردن‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺪات‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬)‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬ ،‫اﻧﺮژي‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎرف‬ ،‫ﻣﻮاد‬( )‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬+‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎرف‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬+‫ﻛﻤﻜـﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺻـﻠﻲ‬ ‫اوﻟﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮاد‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ‬(– ‫ﻓﺮوش‬=‫ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اي‬‫ﻣـﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻴـﺪه‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺧـﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬ ،‫ﺷﻮد‬‫اﮔـﺮ‬ ،‫ﺷـﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬‫آﻳﺪ‬. ‫ﻣﺒﻠﻎ‬‫ﻓﺮوش‬‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ارزش‬‫اﻓﺰودﻩ‬ =‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬ 100*
  • 8. ٨ ComfarComfar ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬‫ارزي‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬‫ارزي‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﲞﺶ‬)‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬+‫ﮔﺮﺩﺵ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬( 5-‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬‫ﻣـﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛـﺎﻻي‬ ‫ورود‬ ‫ﻋـﺪم‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدل‬ ،‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬‫ﻣﺤـﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎرج‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮر‬ ‫از‬ ،‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬.‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬. ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬-‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻻي‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬=‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬)‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫در‬(‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬)‫ارزش‬C&F( 100* =‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬ 100* =‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ 100*
  • 9. ٩ ComfarComfar ‫آﻞ‬‫هﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﲞﺶ‬)‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬( ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﲞﺶ‬)‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬( 6-‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ‬ ‫رﻳﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻗﻼم‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫ﮔﻴـﺮي‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي‬ ‫اﻳﺠﺎد‬. =‫واﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ) =‫واﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬-1=(‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫آﻞ‬‫هﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬
  • 10. ١٠ ComfarComfar 7-‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ورودي‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪي‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬ ‫واﻗﻊ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوع‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪي‬‫زﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﺮي‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫آورده‬ ،‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻪ‬. ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻻت‬‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدل‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫دوره‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ‬‫ﺑﺮداري‬‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫ﺷﺮوع‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪي‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ،‫ﻧﻘﺪي‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬.‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ارزش‬‫ﺑﻮدن‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬.
  • 11. ١١ ComfarComfar ∑= + n t t t I CF ١ )١( ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ارزش‬=N.P.V ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪي‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬t=CFt ‫ﭘﺮوژﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوع‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬=t ‫ﺳﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزدﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬=I =N.P.V
  • 12. ١٢ ComfarComfar 8-‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎوي‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺧﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺧﻲ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬)Internal Rate of Return(‫واﻗﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ، ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬.‫اﺟﺮاي‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫داﺧ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬‫ﻗﺮارﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫وام‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ،‫ﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫وام‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺳﭙﺮده‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزار‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬.
  • 13. ١٣ ComfarComfar 9-‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ،‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ارزﺷﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫دﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬.‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺮد‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺳﻮددﻫﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫اﺣﺘﻴﺎط‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي‬. ‫ﺗﻐﻴ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ،‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬. ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ 10+%‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫و‬‫ﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬)‫از‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬(‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬10%‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ،‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪوده‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫درآﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎزار‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ورود‬ ‫اوﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮآورد‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺮده‬.
  • 14. ١٤ ComfarComfar ‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎي‬ ‫اراﺋ‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫روﺷﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫آﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬،‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻳﺎرد‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬‫از‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬‫آن‬ ‫اﺟﺮاي‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬. ‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﻋﺪاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ارﻗﺎم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻧﻈﺮات‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫رد‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪوده‬ ،‫ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‬. ً‫ﻼ‬‫ذﻳ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اي‬‫ﻋﻤﺪه‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎي‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬: 1-‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫وام‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬‫ﺪت‬)19-17(% ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎوي‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ‬.
  • 15. ١٥ ComfarComfar 2-‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬: ‫ﺳﺒﻚ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي‬5-3‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي‬7-5‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي‬12-7‫ﺳﺎل‬ 3-‫رﻗ‬ ‫وﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﭼﻘﺪر‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اوﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮوي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬50%-30%‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬. 4-‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬35‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬. 5-‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬35‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬. 6-‫ارزي‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬3‫ﻇﺮف‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮض‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ،‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬3‫ﻗﺪر‬‫آن‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫ارز‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻳﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺋﻲ‬‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫را‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮي‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ‬.
  • 16. ١٦ ComfarComfar 7-‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫وام‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ،‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزدﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬‫ﺑﺎزار‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬.‫ﺷﺮح‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬. ‫ﺳﺒﻚ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي‬30%‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي‬30-20% ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي‬30-12%
  • 18. ١٨ ComfarComfar -‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ورود‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫وارد‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮه‬ ‫اﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫روي‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ورود‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬Comfar‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬)1(‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎر‬ ‫دو‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬. ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)1(
  • 19. ١٩ ComfarComfar ‫اﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬Comfar‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)2(‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫درﺑﺎرة‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬.‫ﻃﻮر‬‫ﻫﻤﺎن‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬licensee, serial number, Version‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬. ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)2( ‫دﻛﻤﻪ‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬OK‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬Comfar‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬)3(‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬.
  • 20. ٢٠ ComfarComfar ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)3( ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوع‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬)3(‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬New project‫ﻣﻨﻮي‬ ‫از‬ ‫را‬File‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺮده‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬)4(‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬.
  • 21. ٢١ ComfarComfar ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)4( ‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫در‬.‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬Project type‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬-‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬: industrial)‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬( Agricultural)‫ﻛﺸﺎورزي‬( Infrastructure)‫زﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮاﻧﻲ‬( Tourism)‫ﺗﻮرﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﮕﺮدي‬( Mining)‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬( ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫راﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬)4(‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬-‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬: Opportunity study Feasibility study ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬Feasibility study‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬‫ﻛﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬. ‫دﻛﻤﻪ‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬OK‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)5(‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬.
  • 22. ٢٢ ComfarComfar ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)5( ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬Project Identification‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬)6(‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬.
  • 24. ٢٤ ComfarComfar ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬)6(‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬Project title‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﭗ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ Project description‫و‬ ‫اﺣﺪاث‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ،‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮي‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬...‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﭗ‬.‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ Pate and time‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﭗ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬.‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬Project classification‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬: -‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬)New project( -‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﺮوژه‬)Expansion / rehabilitation project( -‫اﺷﺘﺮاﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﺮوژه‬)Joint- venture project( ‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬. ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫در‬Depth of analysis‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬. -‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬Financial analysis -‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬Economic analysis ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫در‬Special feature …‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬)7(‫آﻳﺪ‬‫درﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬.
  • 26. ٢٦ ComfarComfar‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ‬: ١-Cost center analysis:‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاردي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫دارد‬.‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫زﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫وﻳﮋه‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫داده‬ ‫ورود‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬6‫ﺧ‬ ‫روﺑﺮو‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻳﺠﺎد‬ ‫را‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻮاﻫﺪ‬6‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬: -‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬Production -‫اﻧﺒﺎر‬Storage -‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬Environmental -‫ﺑﺎزارﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬Marketing -‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت‬Services -‫اداري‬ ‫اﻣﻮر‬Administration ‫اﻳﻦ‬6‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫اﺻﻼح‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﺬف‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬.‫در‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ،‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ،‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬. ٢-Cost allocation ‫اﻧ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاردي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺎب‬.‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫اﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬‫ﻲ‬. ٣-in flation ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮرم‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺮوش‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗﻮرم‬. ‫ﻳﻌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪي‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮرم‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻤﻮل‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻨﻲ‬Revaluation of fixed assets‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.
  • 27. ٢٧ ComfarComfar ۴-Escalate first vear ‫ﺗﻮان‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوع‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫اوﻟﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬‫ﻛﺮد‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬.‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬.‫آوري‬‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣﺜ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮآورد‬ ‫وﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬2‫ﺻ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫درآﻳﺪ‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻮد‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫آﻳﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﻮرت‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫وﻳﮋه‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬2‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺎر‬. ۵-Stock model ‫روش‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدش‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮدي‬ ‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬)‫اﻟﮕﻮرﻳﺘﻢ‬(‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬ ‫از‬: ۵-١-Quantity model ۵-٢-Total value model ‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬. ‫ﺷ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﺪام‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫وﻳﮋه‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺮاﻳﻂ‬ ‫دﻛﻤﻪ‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬OK‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)8(‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬.
  • 28. ٢٨ ComfarComfar ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)8( .‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬Planning horizon)‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬(‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)9(‫آﻳﺪ‬‫درﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
  • 30. ٣٠ ComfarComfar ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬ ‫در‬Month of balance‫وا‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺗﺮاز‬ ‫ﻣﺎه‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫دار‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺎز‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫اداﻣﻪ‬ ‫در‬‫را‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺷﺮوع‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫د‬)Begin( ‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺎز‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮداري‬‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬)Lengths(‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺪازي‬‫راه‬)Start up phase(‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮداري‬‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫دورة‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬ ‫و‬.‫درج‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎر‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﺪام‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬. ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫اﺟﺮاي‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻓﺎز‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬.‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬‫ﻫﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬‫ﺎﻻﻧﻪ‬)Yearly(،‫ﻧﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬)Half- yearly(،‫ﻣﺎﻫﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬)Quarterly(،‫ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ‬)Monthly(‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫و‬)User- defined(‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ default‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬.‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻢ‬ ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣﺜ‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬Half- yearly‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬Number of periods‫ﻋﺪد‬2‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﮕﺎه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫درج‬insert‫ﻣﺎﻫﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺶ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬. ‫دﻛﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬Ok‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)10(‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬.
  • 31. ٣١ ComfarComfar ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)10( ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬Product‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬product‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)11(‫آﻳﺪ‬‫درﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬.
  • 32. ٣٢ ComfarComfar ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬.‫ﮔﺰﻳ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫درج‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻨﻪ‬ Accept Edit‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫وارد‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻮرد‬New ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫وارد‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬. ‫دﻛﻤﻪ‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬OK‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)12(‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬. ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)11(
  • 33. ٣٣ ComfarComfar .‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬‫ﻫﻤﺎن‬Currencies)‫ﭘﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎي‬(‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬)13(‫آﻣﺪ‬ ‫درﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)12(
  • 34. ٣٤ ComfarComfar ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬New‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﻮارﻫﺎي‬ ‫اداﻣﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ﭘﻮل‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ‫ﻧﻮارﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬(type(‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻮل‬ ‫اﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬‫ﭘﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬(Name(‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﭗ‬.‫ﻣﺨﻔﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﻮل‬)Abbreviation(‫ﺗﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﭗ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﭘﻮل‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎري‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖ‬‫ﭘﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ارزي‬ ‫ﭘﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫درج‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬.‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬Accept Edit‫وارد‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﭘﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫دﻛﻤﻪ‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫اﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬OK‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬ ‫در‬)14(‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬. ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)13(
  • 35. ٣٥ ComfarComfar ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)14( ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬Discounting)‫ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬(‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻮراد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬)15(‫آﻳﺪ‬‫درﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬.
  • 37. ٣٧ ComfarComfar ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬NPV‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬.‫ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬: End of First year(=١٢/١) Beginning of first year ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﭘﻮﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎن‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪاي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫و‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺑﻴﻨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬NPV‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬. ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬)Total investment(‫ﻧﻘﺪي‬ ‫آورده‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫و‬)Total equity colitis(‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫درج‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬. ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬Modified intend Rate of Return‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬)16(‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬.
  • 39. ٣٩ ComfarComfar ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬MIRR‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮح‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺪد‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫دو‬‫ﺑﻴﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫دﻛﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬Ok‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)16(‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬.‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻨﺪ‬ ‫از‬: fixed investment costs production costs Sale programs Sources of finance Tax, ellowances ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺑﺎز‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﻨﺠﺮه‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﺪام‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻮاﻫﺪ‬.‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﺪام‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت‬ ‫اداﻣﻪ‬ ‫در‬. ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اوﻟﻴﻦ‬Fixed investment costs‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬)17(‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬)17(‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬:
  • 42. ٤٢ ComfarComfar ١) Land purchase ‫زﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ٢) Site Preparation and dev ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ‬ ٣) Civil work, structures ‫ﻋﻤﺮاﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻫﺎي‬ ۴) Plant machinery and equ ‫اﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬ ۵) Auxiliary and service ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬ ۶) Environmental protection ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫زﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ٧) incorporated fixed esset ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ٨) Pre production ‫ﺑﺮداري‬‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ٩) Contingencies ‫ﻧﺸﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‬‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬‫ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺬف‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻧﺪ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻴﻦ‬.‫ﺗﻮان‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﺪام‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫وﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫داراي‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت‬ ‫آﻻت‬‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﮔﺮ‬ ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣﺜ‬‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫را‬ ‫آﻻت‬‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬.
  • 45. ٤٥ ComfarComfar ‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت‬‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫آﻻت‬‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬ ‫ان‬ )22(‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬.‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬Currency‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ﻗﺴﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎدش‬ ‫اﻓﺘﺎده‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬Escalation‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫وارد‬. ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪي‬ ‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬Depreciation condition‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬. ‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬)Type(‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ،)Rate(‫ﻗﺮاﺿﻪ‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ،)Scrap(‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬.‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬.‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮن‬ ‫در‬)Quantity(‫ﭘﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮن‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬)Price(‫درج‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫دو‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻀﺮب‬ ‫ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت‬ ‫ﺳﻮم‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫دﻛﻤﻪ‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬OK‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻞ‬.
  • 60. ٦٠ ComfarComfar ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬: ‫ﻓﺮوردﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﻼﻣﺮﺿﺎ‬ ‫رﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻬﺎدي‬‫ﻓﺮوردﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﻼﻣﺮﺿﺎ‬ ‫رﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻬﺎدي‬ 09123908161091239081610912644749009126447490