DOCSIS 3.1 and RFoG Meet to Boost Broadband Capacity

fam’s teleco news (Año3-Nº7/Octubre 2012) 1/9

Noticias TIC Octubre 2012
Indice:
1.- RFoG Meets DOCSIS 3.1.
2.- SingleSON Solution from Huawei.
3.- DOCSIS 3.1: Here’s To The Next New Thing In Broadband!
4.- Feds Fail To Hit Self-Designated IPv6 Deadline.
5.- Telecom Italia to Launch LTE Services on 7 November.
6.- Claro invertirá cerca de US$ 500 millones en Chile durante 2013.

7.- World's First Commercial Satellite LTE Network.

8.- Japan Airlines Brings JAL Sky Wi-Fi to Passengers.

9.- 2nd-Generation Ultra-Broadband E-Band Microwave from Huawei.

10.- Ericsson as supplier for 4G/LTE network in Brazil.

11.- Artículos Tech Note de redes de transporte.

12.- Fondo de Desarrollo de las Telecomunicaciones expone a la industria de telecomunicaciones de los
futuros proyectos concursables y subsidiados.

13.- ZTE Unveils Industry’s First TWDM-PON (NG-PON2) Prototype.

14.- How to address WAN jitter issues for real-time applications.

15.- Próximos Eventos:

1.- RFoG Meets DOCSIS 3.1.
ORLANDO — Traditional thinking in cable has been that when it comes to fiber-to-the-home (FTTH)
architectures, radio frequency over glass (RFoG) is a transition technology leading to the eventual
migration to Ethernet passive optical networks (EPON). New DOCSIS 3.1 features combined with next-
generation RFoG enhancements are challenging this assumption, according to panelists speaking at the
SCTE Cable-Tec Expo yesterday.
Bill Dawson, vice president of business development and product strategy for ARRIS Access, Transport &
Supplies, noted DOCSIS 3.1 eventually will support downstream rates of 10 Gbps and upstream capacity
of 2.5 Gbps.
“When we combine advances with DOCSIS 3.1 and RFoG, they will ultimately offer capacity and
performance equal to or better than EPON or GPON,” Dawson said. “It’s much more cable-friendly and
evolutionary. It’s forklift-free to get to higher capacity and higher service levels.” He urged cable operators
to consider seriously RFoG both as their short-term and long-term roadmaps for FTTH.
Donald Gall, CTO at Pulse Broadband, noted RFoG offers several benefits compared to traditional HFC
networks. These include single-mode fiber-optic cable with more bandwidth, distributed tap architecture
that supports drops in excess of 1,000 feet, no CLI testing needed, and direct feeds with no active
devices between the headend/hub and customers.

The architecture is especially cost-effective for greenfield deployments and in less densely populated
areas like rural settings. Gall noted Pulse currently is building a RFoG network for an electric cooperative.
“The network has two to 10 homes passed per mile,” he said. “We can build a RFoG plant for that at
really reasonable costs.”
Gall added that the crossover point for greenfield deployments of RFoG versus 1 GHz HFC generally is
between 75 and 100 homes per mile. Once an operator reached critical mass of homes passed, HFC
becomes more cost-effective, mainly due to the cost of the network interface unit (NUI). “Without the NIU,
this is way cheaper than anything you can do with HFC,” Gall added. “If you’re doing an upgrade without
replacing the coax, then that will be cheaper. But you have to allow for the fact that the HFC is 15 years
old.”
When considering the costs of switching to a RFoG architecture versus relying on your HFC plant going
forward, Zoran Maricevic, senior director/Solution Architectures and Strategy at ARRIS Group Inc., said
it’s essential to keep in mind high-bandwidth-consumption growth rates. Maricevic noted that, historically,
compound annual growth rates of bandwidth consumption is about 50 percent a year. His financial
analysis showed that a system with 1 million homes passes and with 2000 service groups of 500 homes
each, will need to be segmented to accommodate demand in 4.1 years. Furthermore, additional
segmentation will be required every 1.7 years after that. This segmentation requirement translates to a
cost of roughly $50 for every home passed per year, or a net present value of roughly $315.83 million
dollars in 10 years.
De: Communications Technology
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2.- SingleSON Solution from Huawei.
Huawei, launched its innovative SingleSON solution in front of an audience of global operators at the Self-
Organizing Networks (SON) Summit 2012, which ran from October 3 to 4 in Cannes, France. Utilizing
real-time network optimization and cross-system synergy routines, Huawei’s SingleSON solution helps
operators enhance operations, maintenance efficiency, and network performance while ensuring user
experience.
The SON Summit, held annually for the last three years, is the only industry forum dedicated to SON
technologies. This year’s summit attracted more than 120 senior managers from world-renowned
operators, analysis institutions, international organizations, and telecom equipment manufacturers. The
program consisted of presentations and in-depth discussions concerning the development of SON.
Data services are rapidly increasing in the MBB era, resulting in the emergence of multi-mode and multi-
layer networks. Operators are now faced with the challenge of how to optimize network performance
faster to better meet growing end user requirements.
Following the first proposal of Huawei’s SingleSON concept at the 2010 SON Summit, Huawei further
elaborated upon the architecture of the solution at this year’s summit. Utilizing a newly introduced multi-

system co-processing unit eCoordinator, the SingleSON solution provides single- and multi-mode network
resource collaboration. Instead of optimizing future network growth with old data, Huawei’s eCoordinator
monitors network performance and status in real time, providing an analysis that achieves true automated
optimization of multi-mode and multi-level networks. The eCoordinator provides operators with a
comprehensive analysis of network resource usage, allocates radio resources more efficiently for each
user, and offers the industry’s best optimized radio resource utilization and user experience.
Ying Weimin, Huawei President for GSM&UMTS&LTE Wireless Networks, said: “Huawei SingleSON is
more than a concept, it’s a mature solution. In February 2012, SingleSON ANR was successfully put into
commercial use on an LTE commercial network in Cologne, Germany, as the world’s first deployment of
automatic neighbor-cell configurations on a commercial network. In June 2012, the Validation aICIC
function was tested in Hong Kong, and was shown to be enable cell edge user data transfer rate
enhancements of up to 30% on heavy load traffic networks. We believe that Huawei’s SingleSON solution
will benefit more networks around the world in the future, helping global operators to achieve business
success in the MBB era.”
De: 4G-Portal.com
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3.- DOCSIS 3.1: Here’s To The Next New Thing In Broadband!
Mark Palazzo, Vice President/General Manager of the Cable Access Business Unit, Cisco, at a specially-
added session during the Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers annual Cable-Tec Expo,
another milestone was placed in the evolution of cable modems and broadband networks: The expansion
of the specification, to eke even more bandwidth out of existing HFC plant.
It’s called DOCSIS 3.1, and it’s a big deal. Every chapter in the DOCSIS specification added substantially
new features – from 1.0 to 1.1 to 2.0 and, the latest workhorse for IP video, DOCSIS 3.0.
DOCSIS 3.1 will take that even further. I’ll stop short of saying it’ll make the prior versions pale in
comparison, but it’s not that much of a stretch. 3.1 brings a powerful combination: A new physical layer
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and additional forward error correction for low
density parity check (LDPC).
Together, OFDM and LDPC can add as much as 50% more capacity in the upstream and downstream
signal directions, while being backwards-compatible with the large installed base of earlier DOCSIS gear.
For MSOs thinking about how to compete with all-fiber builds, or simply seeking ways to stay ahead of the
45-50% CAGR in consumer broadband usage, it’s yet again a great arrow to have in the quiver.
DOCSIS 3.1 is a milestone in the evolution of broadband. As a vendor company that helped to write the
very first DOCSIS spec (1.0), all the way through DOCSIS 3.1, we’re eager to help the cable industry to
put it in motion.
Here’s how we anticipate the DOCSIS 3.1 timing to unfold: By early 2013, completion of the PHY and
MAC specs; silicon availability in 2014, and cable modem/CMTS availability in 2015.

If that seems a long time, it’s not, in terms how to efficiently stay ahead of consumer usage and demand.
Interim staging towards 3.1, like deploying 24x8 cable modems, will serve as stepping stones along the
way.
DE: Communications Technology
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4.- Feds Fail To Hit Self-Designated IPv6 Deadline.
Fewer than 20 percent of U.S. government agencies managed to meet a Sept. 30 deadline that had been
set for them to activate IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) on all of their outward-facing servers.
With the availability of names on the Internet rapidly running out, IPv6 is supposed to represent the
salvation of the Web. Two years ago, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) ordered government
agencies to take the lead in adopting IPv6, by now for all of their Web sites and with all internal
applications to be up and running under IPv6 by this time in 2014.

Just what went wrong now is a matter of debate. Some claim difficulty in implementing the technology.
Others, perhaps more politically motivated, blame Congress for failing to appropriate funds needed to
make the conversion, turning governmental IPv6 into an unfunded mandate. Tom Coffeen, the chief IPv6
evangelist at Infoblox’ IPv6 Center of Excellence, has a different theory. He thinks government agencies
just don’t see the need to make the move yet.
“We see the lack of IPv6 adoption as a threat to business,” rather than as a threat to government
agencies, he explains. As a business, “you have to be able to offer your online resources directly over
IPv6” or risk facing competition that has done so. The danger, he says, is “running into performance
issues because they’re translating from IPv4.”

He continues, “Is this compelling to a federal agency? I don’t know that it is.” After all, federal agencies
don’t have competition. “What incentive does a federal agency have to make sure that its Web site is
performing equally well for a user coming from an IPv6 host or from an IPv4 host?”
Put another way, there’s no carrot to entice agencies into making the transition, at least not now. And as
for a stick, there’s not one of those, either. The OMB mandate carries with it no legislated penalties for
agencies that don’t comply with the deadline. “I think there’s a recognition by a lot of these agencies that
the status quo for them isn’t that onerous.” The worst that might happen, Coffeen estimates, is that an
agency might have to get a waiver to install a new non-IPv6 application.

As for the unfunded mandate, Coffeen insists that “technically, it really isn’t that complicated” to transition
from the current IPv4 to IPv6 support. He points out that while some federal agencies have done nothing
at all to transition, some not only have met the initial mandate, but already have complied with the 2014
mandate for internal IPv6 applications support. Heading that list, he cites the Veteran’s Administration.

At least a half dozen other government agencies are also two years ahead of their brethren, according to
a continually updated list maintained by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (for
more information, click here). The OMB has tried to meet its own 2014 mandate in advance. It has met
the 2012 mandate, but tests show a problem with its implementation of IPv6 on its e-mail server. In total,
301 federal Web sites now have achieved the 2012 mandate, but 1,070 have not. Some 58 government
mail servers and 170 DNS servers at various agencies are at the 2014 level, while 700 DNS servers and
534 mail servers have yet to be converted.

As for the network infrastructure needed to reach those government sites, Coffeen indicates the nation’s
carriers are ready. He cites the IPv6 implementation at Comcast as being exemplary. “It’s not as if the
government agencies are waiting for the carrier networks to turn on IPv6. The major carriers saw the
writing on the wall quite a few years ago,” Coffeen says. “In general, the adoption of IPv6 among Tier One
and Tier Two carriers is pretty good.”
De: Communications Technology
Indicado de Aotamiento IPv4: http://inetcore.com/project/ipv4ec/index_es.html
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5.- Telecom Italia to Launch LTE Services on 7 November.
Network begins rollout in Rome, Milan, Turin and Naples. By the end of the year new LTE services will be
rolled out to more than 20 cities, and then to the rest of Italy.
Telecom Italia is pressing ahead with mobile ultra-broadband and beginning to market new TIM services
based on LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology, offering data transmission at speeds of up to 100 Mbit/s
for downloads and 50 Mbit/s for uploads, and making mobile services and high-definition multimedia
content available.
New USB modems and tablets equipped with LTE technology, bundled with special data packages, will
go on sale in four Italian cities from 7 November: Rome, Milan, Turin and Naples. By the end of the year
new LTE network services will be available in more than 20 cities throughout the country, before gradually
being rolled out to the rest of Italy, along with an increasingly enhanced portfolio of services.
LTE technology offers download speeds that are between five and ten times faster than the 14.4 Mbps
HSPA network, and more than twice as fast as 42 Mbps HSPA technology. TIM customers will benefit
from performance and levels of service that will significantly enhance their web browsing experience, and
offer groundbreaking content such as HD video streaming on the move.
De: 4G-Portal.com
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6.- Claro invertirá cerca de US$ 500 millones en Chile durante 2013.
Así lo indicó Gerardo Muñoz, gerente general de la subsidiaria chilena Claro (América Móvil), al diario
chileno La Tercera. El monto será similar a la inversión realizada en 2012, y se destinará principalmente
al desarrollo de infraestructura.
“Tenemos planes importantes para la tecnología LTE, que vamos a estar implementando el año que
entra. En Chile es cuidar nuestras plataformas actuales como es 2G y 3G, haciendo inversiones también
en las tecnologías del cable y en televisión digital”, precisó Muñoz.
Consultado sobre la portabilidad numérica, el ejecutivo indicó que espera llegar a fin de año con unos
100.000 clientes portados netos.
De: TeleSemana.com
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7.- World's First Commercial Satellite LTE Network.
Space Data Corp and Lemko have announced the successful deployment of the world's first satellite-
based commercial LTE network.
The network was deployed in Atqasuk, Alaska and offers subscribers mobile broadband data speeds of
over 70Mbps. The LTE over satellite service is enabled by Lemko's patented DiMoWiNe (Distributed
Mobile Wireless Network) software.
Lemko's DiMoWiNe is a virtualized core software program co-located at the eNodeB. By virtualizing the
core, all switching and routing in the network is moved to the network's edge, resulting in a LTE solution
with greater latency tolerances and the ability to deliver mobile broadband over satellite. DiMoWiNe
reduces the network's signaling traffic and all backhaul is transported as an "over-the-top" IP application.
Lemko says that this allows commercial carriers like Space Data to economically deploy LTE using
satellite in areas where it was not practical or possible to connect cell towers with fiber. Most importantly,
people in remote regions will now have high-speed access to the Internet.
De: cellular-news.com
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8.- Japan Airlines Brings JAL Sky Wi-Fi to Passengers.
Asian airlines are ramping up their in-flight connectivity efforts with the likes of Thai Airways, Japan
Airlines and Singapore Airlines making significant announcements to equip their fleets with the latest
systems. Singapore Airlines recently announced a new deal with Inmarsat, and Thai Airways is also
launching new in-flight connectivity services this year.
Japan Airlines (JAL) is another such airline that is looking to have an impact in this market. The company
announced a deal with Panasonic Avionics in September 2011 to start bringing these services to
passengers, using the manufacturer’s broadband Ku connectivity solution, eXConnect. The company
launched the service JAL SKY Wi-Fi in July. JAL SKY Wi-Fi first became available on flights between
Tokyo (Narita) and New York (John F. Kennedy) on alternate days in mid-July this year, and then daily

from early August. JAL now plans to deliver the service on flights to and from Chicago, Los Angeles and
Jakarta by the end of October, and London, Paris and Frankfurt by next spring.
JAL is equipping its Boeing 777s with the service, and it expects to expand services to the rest of its fleet
gradually. The airline has around 160 aircraft and leases another 50 aircraft giving it a total fleet of around
215.
“Onboard Internet is gradually becoming a common in-flight amenity, with several airlines in the United
States and Europe already providing this service. As the number of users of portable devices with Internet
capability such as laptops, Smartphones and tablet PCs increase sharply in recent years, it is an obvious
value-add for passengers to be able to use their devices on board to access the internet. It is thus, indeed
a competitive differentiator. The ROI is the increase in customer satisfaction in JAL,” Takahiko Ebata,
assistant manager, product and service strategy, development for Japan Airlines told In-Flight
Connectivity Insider.
“Meeting the needs of our customers is extremely important to JAL. If this is the service that most of our
passengers need and want, we want to be able to provide it for them.”
Like most airlines, JAL had to consider what solution to use, and whether to wait for a Ka-band solution to
hit the market. By going with Panasonic Avionics, the airline has great faith in the current technology
available. “We want to differentiate ourselves from our competitors and to provide our customers with high
speed Internet connection onboard as soon as possible. This is why we have chosen to work with
Panasonic Avionics,” says Ebata. “We did also consider the Ka-band solution, but it isn’t a service that
can be started immediately. We want to start offering this service as soon as possible, and so we chose
the Ku-band option.”
The launch of such services is not without technical issues. Offering an efficient solution available to all
passengers was no easy task.
“To be able to provide this service, there is a need to install an antenna and radome on the aircraft, and
this was initially a challenge. As there is a limit to the bandwidth of each aircraft, we wanted to ensure the
speed of the connection is not affected by the number of people using the service,” says Ebata.
DE: Satellite TODAY.com
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9.- 2nd-Generation Ultra-Broadband E-Band Microwave from Huawei.

Huawei, today unveiled its 2nd-generation E-Band microwave at the Layer 123 Packet Microwave &
Backhaul Forum in London. RTN 380, the first of Huawei’s E-Band series, delivers carrier-class reliability
with an LTE-proof bandwidth of up to 2.5 Gbit/s.
E-Band operates at extended band 71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz. The 1st-generation E-Band system,
primarily used for enterprise networks, uses simple modulation techniques (for example, QPSK), with a
transport rate of only 1 Gbit/s on 1 GHz or wider channels. It also lacks carrier-class Ethernet features
and reliability.

Huawei’s 2nd-generation ultra-broadband E-Band microwave, which features high spectral efficiency and
carrier-class reliability, is strategic for building next-generation mobile broadband networks. Huawei’s E-
Band uses high-efficiency 64 QAM modulation to reach a transport rate of up to 2.5 Gbit/s (over 250 MHz
channels), which will be further improved to a fiber-like capacity of 10 Gbit/s or higher. This significantly
reduces bandwidth leasing costs. Huawei’s E-Band also offers a variety of carrier-class features,
including Ethernet, packet clocks, bandwidth compression, and automatic bandwidth adjustment.
Furthermore, it supports powerful network management functions.
“Huawei’s innovation in the microwave field is driven by a customer-centric strategy. To enable smooth
evolution to all-IP networks, Huawei has taken the lead in launching IP microwave. Huawei will continue
to unveil innovative products in the LTE era, helping customers cope with the upcoming bandwidth
pressure and dense deployment of base stations,” said Jack Wang, president of Huawei’s transport
network product line.
DE: Huawei Press Release

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10.- Ericsson as supplier for 4G/LTE network in Brazil.
Ericsson is selected as supplier for Vivo’s 4G/LTE network, which will feature Ericsson’s latest RBS 6000
multi-standard radio base stations. This agreement strengthens Ericsson’s position as primary telecom
infrastructure supplier for Vivo and marks Ericsson’s second 4G/LTE win in Brazil.
LTE Market by Infrastructure, Devices and Network Operator Services 2012 – 2016 – check out the
report’s overview now!
Eduardo Ricotta, Vice President of Ericsson Latin America and the Caribbean, says: “We are honored to
be chosen once again to cooperate with Vivo, supporting their network evolution and innovation. This
decision is a result of the positive experiences that the operator has had with the successful
implementation of Ericsson’s GSM, WCDMA and HSPA technologies in the past. The evolution of mobile
networks is a fundamental step toward the advent of the Networked Society in Brazil.”
Under the terms of the agreement, Ericsson is also responsible for network implementation, including
network rollout, design and support services.
Ericsson has now signed 89 LTE/EPC contracts in 38 countries on five continents.
DE: Ericsson press release
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11.- Artículos Tech Note de redes de transporte.
Lowering TCO While Migrating To PICs (photonic integrated circuit), non-blocking OTN switch in the
optical transport multiplexer; There have been lab demonstrations of 8 QAM and 16 QAM optical
modulation; next-generation PICS integrate the equivalent of more than 600 optical components on a pair
of PICs to deliver 5 x 100G waves aggregated as a 500G super-channel….
DE: Communications Technology

https://snt130.mail.live.com/default.aspx?
id=64855#n=166889369&fid=f1d5cb40597747e8bdc25333b2ae0aca&mid=d9e72938-13d7-11e2-b6d5-
00237de4a312&fv=1
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12.- Fondo de Desarrollo de las Telecomunicaciones expone a la industria de
telecomunicaciones de los futuros proyectos concursables y subsidiados.

Esta Subsecretaría de Telecomunicaciones, a través de la División Gerencia del Fondo de Desarrollo de
las Telecomunicaciones, realizará una exposición informativa a la industria de telecomunicaciones, de los
futuros proyectos que serán concursados y subsidiados por el Fondo de Desarrollo de las
Telecomunicaciones, a objeto de que puedan evaluar con mayor oportunidad, su participación en dichos
concursos. Estos proyectos son:
• Wi-Fi a nivel Nacional.
• Expansión de Servicios Telefonía Móvil e Internet a nivel Nacional.
• Conectividad para la Región de Aysén.
• Conectividad para la Región de Coquimbo.
• Servicio Intermedio Región de Magallanes, Porvenir.
• Servicio Intermedio Región de Magallanes, Puerto Williams.
De esta manera se extiende la invitación a la Industria de Telecomunicaciones a participar de esta
exposición, que se realizará el día Jueves 25 de octubre a las 15:30 hrs, en las Salas 1 y 2, del piso 5to,
de Amunátegui N° 139.
DE: Subtel Sala de Prensa
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13.- ZTE Unveils Industry’s First TWDM-PON (NG-PON2) Prototype.
ZTE Corporation (“ZTE”) a leading global provider of telecommunication equipment, network solutions
and mobile devices, has unveiled the world’s first time and wavelength division multiplex passive optical
network (TWDM-PON) prototype at Broadband World Forum 2012 (BBWF) in Amsterdam.
ZTE also demonstrated a solution for building pay-as-you-grow, flexibly evolving, green broadband
networks involving GPON, XG-PON1, NG-PON2 and WDM-PtP by TWDM technology. Meanwhile ZTE
considers it will be a good idea to deploy the FTTx network with GPON and XGPON1 in the next 5 years.
Overlay other wavelengths by TWDM technology will be a good choice for the higher bandwidth
requirement in the future.
In April 2012, the Full Service Access Network (FSAN) Group designated TWDM-PON as the main
technology direction of NG-PON2, the next generation of PON (passive optical network)
technology. Drawing on its deep understanding of network development and customer needs, as well as

its extensive experience in technology innovation, ZTE developed its first TWDM-PON prototype soon
after the standards direction was determined.
The central-office equipment for the TWDM-PON prototype is the ZXA10 C300, ZTE’s industry-leading
unified access platform, adapted for next-generation PONs. The ZXA10 C300 enables the coexistence
and easy upgrading from one standard to another of GPON, XG-PON1, NG-PON2 and WDM-PtP on the
same platform. The terminals for the TWDM-PON prototype are advanced colourless optical network
units (ONUs) with tunable receiver/ transmitter technology.
“Operators need to be building broadband networks that can evolve flexibly,” said Bei Jinsong, director of
ZTE Optical Access Networks. “Taking this approach, current networks that use GPON and XG-PON1
technologies, including FTTP, FTTH, FTTdp, can meet network development requirements for the next
five to ten years. Over that period, neither existing XG-PON1 nor the optical network infrastructure needs
to be changed. Therefore the XGPON1 will be deployed inevitably in short coming years”
“By overlaying XG-PONs with new wavelengths, the network can gradually upgrade to the bandwidth of
NG-PON2 as needed or enable open access based on wavelength paths,” Mr Bei added. “The concept
also supports expanding through WDM-PtP to provide services such as backhaul, fronthaul,business
access etc. . As a result, it is able to help operators markedly reduce expenditure on network construction
and energy consumption, thus effectively protecting their investments.”
As the leader in the optical access networks sector, ZTE is committed to promoting the development of
optical access standards and the industry’s supply chain. Its cutting-edge technology innovations, product
solutions, efficient services and prompt project delivery have been widely recognized by customers.
According to the “Market Share Spreadsheet 2Q12 FTTx, DSL, and CMTS (Units)” report, released by
telecoms industry analyst Ovum in August 2012, ZTE ranks No.1 for both overall shipments of central-
office PON equipment and market share of ONTs/ONUs.
DE: ZTE Press Center
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14.- How to address WAN jitter issues for real-time applications.
Traditional WAN Optimization techniques don’t help much, so other solutions are needed.
We continue to cover the broad topic of which of the various technologies – including those that are part
of the Next-generation Enterprise WAN (NEW) architecture, like WAN Optimization, WAN
Virtualization and Network-as-a-Service, and other, older technologies as well – best address the different
issues impacting application performance over the WAN.
Last time we covered those techniques that address the variable queuing congestion-based component
of WAN latency, also known as jitter, as it affects TCP-based interactive applications or other data
transfer applications. Today, we address the smaller number of techniques for dealing with jitter for real-
time applications like VoIP or videoconferencing.

With TCP applications, high amounts of jitter cause applications to perform poorly, but at least they still
perform at the end of the day, however frustrating the slow performance may become. High jitter for a
real-time application can make them unusable, as meaningful two-way communication becomes
impossible. Per last time, the size of buffers in the typical WAN router are between 100 and 200
milliseconds, and congestion on the WAN can sometimes add 400 milliseconds or more, especially over
long distances. Real-time applications will almost always have jitter buffers to handle small to moderate
amounts of jitter without the application users noticing, but these buffers are usually on the order of 60 to
100 milliseconds in length, so jitter beyond 100 milliseconds can effectively ruin real-time
communications, as those packets delivered so late are effectively lost.
As noted last time, it is essential to implement QoS properly on your WAN to ensure that the performance
of your real-time and interactive applications aren't hurt by use of limited last-mile bandwidth by
your own other applications. And you need to have sufficient bandwidth at each WAN link to support the
application, of course. For VoIP, this is not usually an issue, but for videoconferencing it can be; high-
definition video will typically require 1 to 1.5 Mbps of bandwidth, and not everyone has that much
upstream bandwidth available on their branch WAN links, or has it only if the video has strict priority over
all other applications used, which is often not acceptable.
The traditional solution to avoiding WAN jitter problems is to buy MPLS to connect all of your locations
together and implement their QoS system. This expensive solution does solve the problem for domestic
connections, and if the MPLS provider offers connectivity to your overseas locations, it should work for
them as well. If your provider doesn't offer direct connectivity for your overseas locations, or your
enterprise budget can't afford it, however, then you need to find an alternative. And because MPLS is a
very expensive solution that offers relatively little bandwidth for other, more bandwidth-intensive
applications, even domestically it's not an option for many enterprises.
So what alternatives do you have? Unlike for other kinds of applications, if your WAN connectivity is
Internet-based, rather than using MPLS or some other kind of single vendor private WAN, the options are
actually somewhat limited. Network-as-a-Service and WAN Virtualization are pretty much the only choices
out there that address WAN jitter in a meaningful way. WAN Optimization appliance solutions, while they
provide value in numerous other ways, really cannot do anything about high jitter caused by congestion
on the WAN.
As we saw last time, Network-as-a-Service can address congestion-based performance problems in
international connections, particularly those across oceans. A Network-as-a-Service solution with a
dedicated core network and colocation-based Points of Presence (PoPs) close to end-user locations
addresses the issue of peering point-based congestion that occurs frequently in the Internet by bypassing
the public Internet altogether as the means of connecting the PoPs, and thus delivering stable, low-jitter
connectivity between locations across the globe. If you have good last-mile connections to your provider's

PoPs, it can be a great solution to congestion-based latency in the Internet "middle mile," at a fraction of
the cost of MPLS.
The other alternative, WAN Virtualization, addresses congestion-based jitter directly as it occurs. WAN
Virtualization continuously measures one-way latency across all of the possible paths between any two
locations, and when it detects significant jitter on a path, it will quickly move traffic off that path onto a
better-performing path, limiting use of the now slower congested path only to applications, like file
transfers, that consume bandwidth but are not otherwise sensitive to higher latency. Some WAN
Virtualization solutions can even replicate real-time application traffic between locations across multiple
paths, eliminating any effects of high jitter or packet loss, and delivering "platinum" quality voice even
when using Internet connections which are exhibiting large amounts of congestion-based packet loss and
high amounts of jitter. WAN Virtualization can be used to augment or replace MPLS connectivity, and
could be the way for some enterprises to afford sufficient bandwidth to be able to deploy next-generation
applications, VoIP and videoconferencing on a single converged enterprise WAN
DE: By Andy Gottlieb, NetworkWorld.com
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15.- Próximos Eventos:
th
* OCT 05th-09 , ITU TELECOM WORLD 2009 , GENEVE, SWITZERLAND
th
* OCT 13th-16 , FUTURECOM ,SAO PAULO, BRAZIL
* OCT 09th-13th , USTA'S TELECOM , LAS VEGAS, USA
rd
* OCT 21th-23 , MOBILE INTERNET WORLD ,BOSTON, USA
* Oct 24-25, The Second Latin American Spectrum Conference , Mexico DF
th
* NOV 15th-19 , 3G WORLD CONGRESS , HONG KONG, CHINA
th
* NOV 27th-28 , SMART GRID CONFERENCE 2012 , LONDON, UK, EUROPE
th
* NOV 11th-12 , GSM AFRICACOM , CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA
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* DEC 0th-08 , CTIA IT & ENTERTAINMENT ,BUDAPEST, HUNGARY

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