The city of temples Bhubaneshwar

1. BHUBANESWAR
City of temples

2. URBAN SECTOR IN INDIA
• A century of Industrialization and technical advancement has brought
forth rapid urbanization in India
• 7 Mega cities with population of more than 4.5. Million
• The urbanization pattern of the country - larger cities growing at a much
faster rate accounting for more than 2/3rds of the total population & the
inhabitants of the 35 Metropolitan cities
• Urban areas - engines of economic growth in terms of the contribution
to national economy and income
• The time series data from Indian states show positive co relation
between urbanization and growth in economy activity as measured
through state domestic project
• Indicates the tremendous potential of the Indian urban sector as a
dynamic engine of economy and social development as centre or
innovation entrepreneurship

3. URBAN SECTOR IN ORISSA
• Orissa is one of the least urbanized states in India as per the
urbanization trends
• It is the 5 th least urbanized state in India with 14.97 % of urban
population
• However , it is noteworthy that the States Population during the last
decade has grown by about 14% while the urban population has
grown at almost at double this rate
• The state comprises 103 urban local bodies , 2 Municipal
corporations , 101 Municipalities

4. JNNURM
• JNNURM focuses on
 Improving and augmenting the economic and social infrastructure
of cities
 Ensuring basic services to urban poor at affordable prices
 Initiating wide ranging urban sector reforms
 Strengthening municipal Governments and their functions .

5. CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN
• ULB’s corporate strategy that presents both the vision of desired
future perspective for the city with the ULB and mission statement on
how the ULB with other stake holders intends to work towards achieving
their long term mission.
• Translates missions in to actions and actions into outcomes.
• Clearly defines how ULB will
 Serve its customers
 Run its business
 Manage its resources.
• CDP preparation process can be divided into 3 phases:
define vision and mission statements
diagnostics for identifying priority actions to achieve missions
feasibility assessments and investment scheduling

6. SPATIAL COVERAGE OF
BHUBANESWAR CDP
• Spatial coverage of Bhubaneswar CDP was determined based on the
following :
 Mapping of present agglomeration and its comparison with
respective Municipal area ( 135 sq km ) , development area ( 2333
sq km ) and beyond development area if any .
 City reconnaissance to understand growth potential , growth
directions and extent of growth on the periphery beyond the
development area.
 Consultation with pertinent stake holders on the cities future
growth potential and directions of growth visa vis the proposed
coverage of Bhubaneswar of CDP.
 Concept paper preparation for perspective plan and comprehensive
development plan for Bhubaneswar.

7. LOCATION AND LINKAGES

8. REGION SETTING
• Bhubaneswar city being the capital city of the State, has been
functioning as administrative city and tertiary economic activities like
services , trade and commerce.
• The future city economy is likely to be driven by the core sub sectors
like tourism related activities , knowledge based industries , small scale
and household services.
• The city region extends as far as Bhadrak and Talcher in the north ,
Berhampur in the south and puri in the east .

9. AREA AND POPULATION
• Population 648,032 in 2001 with the growth rate of 57.46 % which is
higher than that of the State which stood at 30.38 %.
•The city registered highest increase of 131% during the decade 1951 to
1961 owing to the shifting of the capital city of the state from Cuttack to
Bhubaneswar.
•In 1961 to 71 , it registered a growth of 176.07 % . This was the highest
growth rates experienced by any other capital city in the country.
•As per 1991 , 26 % of growth was due to natural increase and 74 % was
as a result of migration .
•The population density of the city works out to about 4800 persons per
sq km inside the Municipal areas of 135 sq km .
•The present population of the city within Municipal limits is expected to
be 7.5 lakhs, where density works out 5555 persons per sq km.

10. SOCIO ECONOMIC CHARACTER

11. TRADE AND COMMERCE
• Bhubaneswar is the important city for trade and commerce in the
State. It can be divided into two broad categories , the organized and
the unorganized markets.
• Presently there are 6 sectoral market complexes and 8 local markets.
• Handicrafts occupy an important place in the economy of the city and
contribute to foreign exchange earnings.

12. PROFILE OF URBAN POOR VIS A
VIS SLUM POPULATION
• About 1/3rd of cities population is estimated to be living in slums and
slum pockets distributed through out the city.
• The slum settlement in city can be classified into slum colonies
belonging to industrial workers, Common slums and population
squatting on government land .
• They lack basic civic services.
• About 21% of the slum household could afford electricity facility .
• Wells, public taps , tube wells were source of drinking water in slum
areas.

13. CITY MANAGEMENT AND
GOVERNANCE
• City administration is vested with BMC with the enactment of Orissa
Municipal corporation Act.
• A full fledged Municipal corporation came into being with elected
Mayors and corporators.
• It had an executive body comprising various administrative wings to
act upon the decisions of general body and day to day functioning of
corporation.

14. PAST PLANNING EFFORTS
• Consequent to the decision to shift the capital from Cuttack to Bhubaneswar, the
original plan of the capital was drawn in 1948.
• The modern city of Bhubaneswar was designed by Koeingsberger .
• The city was designed for a population of 40,000 based on neighbourhood
principles with administration being designated as primary function.
• During the 50 years since 1948, the city has undergone various transformations
which can be categorized under the following stages :
 Old temple town
 New capital city
 Major cities transformations
 Bhubaneswar city today .

15. NEW CAPITAL CITY
• The planning for the new capital city began in close proximity to
the old temple town.
• It was planned in 1946 and built between 1948 and 1961. The city
grew fast and intervening areas were filled up quickly.
• The new capital today presents a sharp contrast with distinct areas
earmarked for residential, commercial , institutional and other uses.

16. MAJOR CITY TRANSFORMATIONS
• The city has undergone major transformations led by developments
in organized sector since 1976.
• Organized developments in a desired manner in terms of open
space and infrastructure was brought in by major schemes which
include housing board colony , palaspally duplex complex , Brit colony
, IDCO Tower.
• The above major schemes have been implemented with best
materials at affordable prices

17. BHUBANESHWAR CITY TODAY
• The present city is rectangular in form and illustrate signs of
development of the city on a vast unutilized , undulating plateau.
• The city has extended in 7 different directions during the last few
decades by engulfing the fringe villages.
• This extension has varied length and dimension from the original
core of the temple town which was supposed to lie at the area having
the lingaraja temple

18. FIRST MASTER PLAN
• Prepared and notified during the year 1968.
• Had land use classification under 16 categories and planning area
was spread across 13,209 Hectares of land.
• The land use under Agriculture and forest together constituted
almost half of the proposed land use.
• The area earmarked as development area has been reduced to 9621
Hectares in the final master plan.
• This land use distribution was suggested by famous German
Architect Dr. Otto H Koenigsberger.

19. FIRST MASTER PLAN
CONTD…
ZONE/LANDUS
E
AREA in
Hectares
% to Total Area
Residential 2206 22.93
Commercial 262 2.72
Industrial 481 5.00
Public and
Semi-Public
1274 13.24
Open Space 1392 14.47
Green Belt 1880 19.54
Transport 1482 15.40
Others 645 6.70
TOTAL 9621 100.00

20. CURRENT COMPREHENSIVE
DEVELOPMENT PLAN
• Prepared by BDA during June 1993, after the completion of first
Master Plan(1998).
• Specific Objectives of CDP are:
 To develop an Urban Environment capable of sustaining a
population of 10 Lakhs with the required facilities and services by
2001.
 To promote the more dynamic growth of the economy with
increased the goods and services & employment opportunities
To ensure effective co-ordination amongst various agencies like
BDA, BMC, semi Govt/ Private agencies and citizens.

21. PROPOSED REVISION
• The existing comprehensive development plan has been prepared for
the horizon year of 2001, hence there is an urgent need to undertake
necessary revision.
• The Department of Architecture and Regional Planning of IIT,
Kharagpur has been assigned the task of preparing the perspective
plan – Vision 2030.
• Core idea behind the Vision :
 Cuttack and Bhubaneswar as Twin cities in complementary role.
 Transformation of the Bhubaneswar – Cuttack urban complex to a
world class urban centre as an important gateway for national and
international investments.
 Promotion of cultural, built and natural heritage in a sustainable
manner.

22. CURRENT RADIAL GROWTH
PATTERN

23. FUTURE GROWTH DIRECTIONS

24. KEY ISSUES
• The master plan approach lacks key inputs to suit its functions as
tourist city and centre for trade & commerce .
• The areas surrounding the monuments such as Lingaraj, RajaRani,
Mukteswar, Dhauli ( which have high tourism potential) are in a bad
condition.
• The city has tremendous tourism potential and can provide
employment opportunity to the local people if organized properly.
• Several slums have come up in recent past.
• The Road networks and further Developmental activities are not
properly planned.
• A number of incompatible land uses are found within the city. There is
a need to evolve an appropriate strategy and legal action to relocate
them.
• The traffic and transportation system is inadequate and requires
significant strengthening and improvement.

25. THE WAY FORWARD
• Priority actions recommended :
 Urban Economic development
 Urban Infrastructure and Environment Improvement
 Urban Poor & Slum Upgrading
Reforms towards Improved and Responsive Urban Governance