This document discusses various methods of communication throughout history, including: - Kentongan drums used in ancient Indonesian kingdoms to send messages. - Smoke signals used by Native American tribes to communicate over long distances. - Epigraphy and palm leaves used for correspondence in early Indonesian kingdoms. - The development of the telephone, television, telegraph, radio, pager, satellite phone, and internet as modern communication technologies. - How early counting methods evolved from notches on sticks to complex knot systems before the advent of modern numerals. - The early pioneers of computer technology including Babbage, Hollerith, and Aiken.

1. Fayza Sakina M.D.
7B

2.  Kentongan
Has been used for a long time, started from
kingdom of demak, surakarta, yogyakarta and
etc.
Function
To give information (code/sign) for flood, robbery,
party, celebration sign that praying time has
come.

3. • Smoke
Famous for Indian tribe in America
Function
To send secret information to a friend or
foe
Sample: One cloud of smoke mean
danger three trouble to health human
going dead………………….
Trouble/request for help

4. • Epigraphy and Palmyra palm
For correspondence started in period of
Kutai, Taruma Negara, Majapahit,
Sriwijaya, and Mataram Kingdom

5. • A telephone and cell phone
Invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 from fix
line to a cellular phone since April 3rd 1973.
Not only for communicating, ell phone also has many
funcitions. Sending text messages, pocket
camera, video recorder, portable radio and even
your pocket PC.

6. Television
A communication media trough electronic equipment where
you can see vivid picture and hear the sound. It gives you
various information from all over the world, invented in 1883
by Paul Nipkow from black and white TV to colorful TV and
INTERNET TV now.

7. • Telegraph
Is a long distance message sender and reciver
founded by Samuel F.B. Morse and Alexander
Brain.
Telegraph uses Morse code (standard of tone, voice,
or light transmitting data by differentiating dash
and dot tap from sentence word, letter, number
and punctuation mark message.
A message sent/received is called telegram.

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11.  Pager
is personal telecomunication tool to send and recieve
short massage. Numerical pager can only recieve
one way short massages and only consistsof a
couple of digits, just like a phone number that can
only be used to call. An alpha numerical pager
can recieve a two way short massage service
(SMS)

12.  Satellite Phone
The size of satelitte phone is not as big as GSM phone.
This phone has inter-reciever intercom function (just
like walky-talky)
Equipped with an automatic scanner to scan waves
and other impressive features

13.  Internet
Internet is one of most advancedx products of
communication and information technology at
thnis moment . The development of intyernet
started when computer networking technology
was created in around 1960. initially, computer
network was employed by the us force to develop
nuclear weapons

14.  At the first, our ancestors didn;t know any
numerical symbols. Even so they had known ho to
coun. For example they counbted cattlen that
they harded. Every morning when they released
the cattle , they carved lines on the tree. Each line
for animals.
Other tools that were used to count were fingers,
pebbels and knots on rope . In south america
people of inca indian use rope’s knots as numerical
symbols . Symbolizes by certain knots arragement .
All the knots arragements are called kuipu

15.  The beginning of computer invention was
startednby a mathematician professor from
england, charles Babbage. Babbage made a
diffrence engine that was used to calculate
diffrential equation. By using steam energy , the
engine can save program and calculate and print
the result automatically.
 In 1890 Herman Hollerith from us census bureauwas
ableto create punch card counting that uses
punch card as a data medium.
 In 1944 Howard Aiken from harvard univesity
together with business machine(IBM). Succeded in
creating a machine that was able to perform a
series of arithmetic operation automatically. This

16.  A. First generation computer was developed
during world war II . The characteristic of the
computervin this generation was that its operating
system was made specifically for certain task.
 B. Second Generation
The seccond generation computers didn’t have
vacum tube anymore, wich was replaced by a
transistor. There was also an anti-magnetic memory
development to become smaller,faster relieable
and mor efficient in energy using, compared to the
predecessor

17.  Third generation
transistor ‘s componets that were used on the second
generation computer were replaced witg
integaret circuit (IC). This is because transistor
produced too much heat that could destroy
computer’s internal partsic combined three
elctronic componets in a small silicon disc was
made from quartz sand

18. Bye Bye