Seminar given in June 24, 2018 in Santiago de Compostela within the CHEurope 1st Summer School organized by INCIPIT (CSIC).

1. Making an impact
Scientific profiles
Bibliometric indicators
Nicolás Robinson-García
@nrobinsongarcia

2. o Motivation
o Digital identity and reputation
o How-to guide: tools for disseminating
scientific papers
o Bibliometrics 101
------------------------------------------------------
o Open Access and online visibility
Agenda

3. Motivation

4. The role of a scientist
“The goal of scientific research is
publication”
Day, R. Gastel, B. 2012 How to write and publish a scientific paper [7th
ed]. Cambridge University Press

5. The role of a scientist

6. The role of a scientist
Publishing does no longer ensure communicating

7. The role of a scientist
Still, scientific journals perform an important
role in the scholarly communication system as
gatekeepers of science
PEER REVIEW PROCESS

8. Balancing careers
Academic
career
Scientific career Community career
Based on Gläser & Laudel, 2011
Research
achievements
Peers’
recognition
Career
advancement
VISIBILITY
IMPACT

9. Digital identity
and reputation
o From scientific to digital reputation
o Reputation and misconduct
o Building a digital identity

10. Going digital
The two worlds

11. Going digital
The two audiences
The web as a
scholarly
communication
tool
Publishing as a
scientific
communication
tool
The worldThe scientists

12. Going digital
Reasons for disseminating research
o Social outreach
o Influencing public opinion
o Self-presentation

13. HOWEVER…
One cannot have a digital scientific
reputation if they have no previous
scientific reputation
Going digital

14. Going digital
Digital reputation
A
Digital
Identity
B
What they
say about
us
C
Positioning

15. Going digital
Digital Identity What they say about us Positioning

16. Going digital
Early career researchers and postdocs are
permanently in the market
Also, they tend to change often of
institution
It is advisable to create your own personal
website

17. Going digital
Some examples

18. Going digital
Some examples

19. Going digital
Some examples

20. Going digital
BASIC PRINCIPLES
1. Always updated
2. Easy to maintain
3. Not only for others BUT ALSO for you

21. WHO DO YOU WANT TO BE?
Building a digital identity
Type of profile
Speaker
Researcher
Innovative
Miscellaneous
Channel
Web
Blogs
Networks
…there are hundreds of tools…
Style
Formal vs Informal
Scientific vs
Personal
Misc.

22. WHO DO YOU WANT TO BE?
Building a digital identity
Audience
Audience – ej. journalists
Community – ej. country
Contacts – ej. selective
Objective
Dissemination of publications
Discuss results
Alert
Share resources

23. Paco Herrera
Science communication
Selective audience
Facebook
Informal style
Ismael Ràfols
Science communication
International audience
Institutional blogs
Formal style
Daniel Torres
Professional + Sci comm
National audience
Twitter
Informal style
Some examples…

24. Demos:
How-to guides
o Depositing a paper in a repository
o Dealing with complementary material and
data sets
o Making your research visible
o Managing scientific information

25. Depositing a paper
Analyze the OA policy of the journal
Choose a repository
Prepare the post-print
Deposit!!

26. Depositing a paper
• Journal’s website
• Sherpa/Romeo - Dulcinea
OA journals’ policies
• Arxiv
• PaleoArxiv
Repository
• Example A (versions)
• Example B (reference)
Post-print

27. Complementary material
Analyze the journal’s policy
What do you want to share?
Choose a repository
Deposit!!

28. Complementary material
• Journal’s website
Data sharing policy
• Material - Paper
• Data - Paper
• Code - Paper
Material, data and code
• DataCite
• Re3Data
Where to deposit

29. Visible research
Deposit in a repository
Link from your website
Tweet, blog, spread the word

30. Managing sci information
Create a profile in Google Scholar
Add new publications
Manage your publications
Create Citation Alerts

31. Monitoring social media

32. BASIC TOOLS
Wrapping up
OA policies -> Sherpa/Romeo
Repositories-> PaleoArxiv
Data -> FIGSHARE
Managing profiles -> Google Scholar
Monitoring social media -> Altmetric.com

33. Bibliometrics 101
o Citations and research evaluation
o Main bibliometric indicators
o Main data sources to retrieve citation data
o Pervasive effects and ill-informed use of
bibliometrics

34. Quantifying research
Governments absorbed, in the 1990s, the “new management”
ideology that focused on the evaluation of everything using
indicators and benchmarks as “objective” measures of efficiency
and return on investment
Gingras, 2014
o Solo scientists vs. research teams
o Doing research becomes expensive
o Economic constraints lead to deciding
where to cut funding

35. Quantifying research
USES OF BIBLIOMETRICS FOR RES. EVALUATION
University
rankings
Funding centres
Hiring processes
Research
projects

36. Citations ≈ Sci. impact
o Researchers’ contributions are measured by
their works
o The main dissemination channel for scientists
is the scientific journal
o References/citations reflect the influence of
the work of others

37. Citations ≈ Sci. impact
PRACTICAL SCIENCE CITATION INDEX THEORETICAL
IMPLICATIONS THE TOOL FOUNDATIONS

38. Some considerations
Citations are partial proxies of scientific impact
Context affects proxies (robustness)
Policies affect researchers’ behaviors (meaning)
There are well-known biases in citations
Citation distributions are highly skewed

39. Bibliometric indicators
Scientific
impact
Visibility
Leadershi
p
Social
capital
Productivity
Know.
transference

40. The H-Index
An author has an h index when at least h of her
publications has received at least h citations

41. Journal Impact Factor
The Journal Impact Factor does not reflect the
actual impact of all papers published in such journal
Number of citations received in year X to
publications from years X-1 and X-2
Total number of publications from years X-1 and
X-2

42. Quantifying research
[…] it is much easier to make a measurement than to ascertain
just what has been measured, and considerable caution must
therefore be exercised in any interpretations of the statistics of
publication.
Price, 1951
oChanges on researchers’ practices
oEffects on research agendas
oCitation gaming

43. Open Access and
online visibility
o Main milestones of the OA movement
o The roads to Open Access
o Some reflections on Open Access and
Scholarly Communication

44. The OA rainbow
Gold
Green
Bronze
Black
…
OA

45. A few publishers control an
increasingly higher share of
‘elite’ journals
The problem
THERE IS SOMETHING WRONG WITH THE PUBLISHING SYSTEM…
Which they sell to academic
institutions through a ‘big deal’
strategy

46. o Publishers impose their own collections
o Abusive increases on pricing, up to 20%
o Libraries acquire journals that are never used
The problem
… ALL OF THIS LEADS TO THE BEGINNING OF THE OPEN ACCESS

47. Government funds research
Researchers publish
their results
in peer reviewed
scientific journals
Publishers edit
these papers
and sell them
back to them
through
libraries
Researchers access
their papers through
suscription
The paradox

48. 1991 - Paul Ginsparg launches ARXIV
The alternative
2002 - Budapest Open Access Initiative
2002 - Doris Lessig develops the Creative
Commons licenses

49. Government funds research
Researchers publish
their results
in peer reviewed
scientific journals
Publishers edit
these papers
and sell them
back to them
through
libraries
THIS ARE
OFFERED IN
OPEN ACCESS
GRATIS
Researchers access
their papers through
suscription
Researchers publish
their papers in
journals or
repositories
The alternative

50. The revolution

51. The key to all these issues is the right of authors to achieve easily-
accessible distribution of their work. If you would like to declare
publicly that you will not support any Elsevier journal unless they
radically change how they operate…
THE COST OF KNOWLEDGE 2013
The revolution

52. We need to download scientific journals
and upload them to file sharing networks.
We need to fight for Guerilla Open Acces
Swartz
† 1986-2013
Robin Hoods of Science

53. Robin Hoods of Science
Alexandra
Elbakyan

54. Recommendation on access to and
preservation of scientific information
States that “Policies on open access to scientific research results
should apply to all research that receives public funds.
EU Open Access policy
Implementing OA

55. GREEN
ROAD
GOLD
ROAD
The Roads to OA
Self-archiving Journals

56. The Roads to OA
The author is responsible of
ensuring open and free universal
to its work
WEBSITE REPOSITORY

57. A repository, deposit or archive is a centralized
place where digital information is stored and
preserved, normally databases or digital files
• Institutional
• Thematic
• Articles
• Data
The Roads to OA

58. The Roads to OA
Benefits of repositories
o They ensure universal and permanent access
o They use metadata to describe content and make it
easier for research engines to find it
o They use permanent URLs that ensure sustainability
of hyperlinks.

59. Peer
Review
Accepted for
publication
Published
version
PRE
PRINT
POST
PRINT
PUBLISHER
VERSION
SUBMIT
TO
JOURNAL
The Roads to OA

60. Personal Website Repository+
The Roads to OA
My advice:

61. The Roads to OA
OPEN
ACCESS
HYBRID
MODEL
FULL
OPEN
ACCESS
OPEN
ACCESS
AUTHOR
PAYS
Models of Open Access journals

62. Author pays model
JOURNAL Euros per article Articles 2010 Benefits 2010
Genome Biology (BMC) 1.800 € 155 279.000 €
Breast Cancer Res. (BMC) 1.345 € 138 185.610 €
PLoS One 987 € 6.690 6.603.030 €
PLoS Medicine 2.120 € 85 180.200 €
Hybrid Model: British Medical Journal>2.500 €
The Roads to OA

63. The Roads to OA

64. The empire strikes back

65. The empire strikes back
PLOS One
Nature Springer
Hindawi Publishing

66. The empire strikes back

67. Who’s Afraid of Peer Review?
Bohannon, Science, 2014
Some reflections
BEWARE!
OA journals ≠ Predatory journals

68. Some reflections

69. At a crossroads
Gold OA, Green OA and Free access
Martín-Martín et al., 2018

70. Questions?
elrobinster@gmail.com
@nrobinsongarcia