4. Ideology is at rest. What has taken it’s place? Another ideology: consumerism.
5. GUM (Main Department Store), or the Upper Trading Rows, were built between 1890 and 1893 by Alexander Pomerantsev (responsible for architecture) and Vladimir Shukhov (responsible for engineering). The façade faces the Red Square. The glass roof (14 meters in diameter) made the building unique at the time of construction .
6. In the end of 2008 the total space of shopping centres in Moscow amounted to 3,9 million sq/m. The rental price is approximately $2.000 a year per sq/m.
7. Underground shopping mall “Okhotny Ryad” near Kremlin is the largest in Europe. It was built in 1997 by Zurab Tsereteli, responsible for many new, shiny, and tasteless buildings in Moscow. The total space is 70.000 sq/m, the rent is about $6.000 a year per sq/m.
8. Auchan, the French hypermarket chain, opened the first Russian store in 2002. Now it has 29 hypermarkets and supermarkets in Russia, 12 of them are in the Moscow area.
9. To drive to the hypermarket at the outskirts of Moscow, you need a car. At the beginning of 2009 the population of Moscow was 10,6 million, with 2,6 million car owners.