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Rene rev1 technology awareness and operation of styroplastic densifier(3)

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THE INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE (ITDI) “Our Business is Industry”
Research & Research & Technology Technology Development Development Transfer Transfer Technical Technical Services Services
Food Processing Materials National Metrology Laboratory, OD, Science Environment & Biotechnology ODD, PMISD, FMD, ADM ITDI Divisional Buildings at DOST Compound Chemicals & Energy Standards and Testing Information & Documentation Packaging Technology Technological Services (TSD)
PILOT PLANTS & OTHER FACILITIES PILOT PLANTS & OTHER FACILITIES • Jatropha Processing and Analytical /Testing Facilities • Activated Carbon Plant • Biomass-fed gasifier and bolier •Bioreactor facility • Biogas Digester • Food Enterprise Modules •Non-food Enterprise Modules •Centralized Hazardous Waste Handling Facility •Materials Processing (Ceramics, Polymers, Composites, Inorganic Minerals) •Lab Scale Two Stage Aerobic Wastewater System
R&D LABORATORIES R&D LABORATORIES • Chemical Sensors Lab • Fuels /Petroleum Lab • Paints Lab • Microbiology Lab • Food Lab • Electronic Nose and Tongue Lab • Plastics Testing & Processing Lab • Surface Coatings Lab • Materials Characterization Lab •Inorganic & Organic Chemicals Labs •Pharmaceuticals Lab • Metrology Lab
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PRIORITY PROGRAMS ENVIRONMENT ALTERNATIVE & NATURAL ENERGY BIOTECH RESOURCES Increased productivity AGRICULTURE Globally & FOOD SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECTORS competitive products & services MANUFACTURING HEALTH NANOTECHNOLOGY & PRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY AWARENESS AND OPERATION OF DENSIFIER
PANGANGASIWA NG BASURA: ANG KAHALAGAHAN SA TAO AT KALIKASAN 8
MGA LAYUNIN NG PAGPAPAHAYAG • Pagpapaintindi na may mga malalaking dahilan para pangangasiwaan ang mga basura. • Pagpapahayag sa lawak ng problema ng basura at ang negatibong epekto nito sa tao at kalikasan. • Pagpapabago ng pananaw tungkol sa basura. • Pag-aaral sa mga simpleng paraan ng pangangasiwa ng basura. • Ang RA 9003 lokal na ordinansa at adhikain 9
Mga Dahilan ng Pagdami ng Basura • Paglaki ng populasyon • Pagdami at paglaki ng mga industriya at manufactura • Urbanisasyon • Modernisasyon • Pag-unlad ng teknolohiya at paglaki ng global na populasyon kung saan tumataas ang pangangailangan tulad ng pakain na siyang tumutumbas sa pagtaas ng basura na being generated daily by each household.
Mapang-abusong Paggamit ng natural resources
Laganap na paggamit ng mga bagay na di nabubulok!
PANGKARANIWANG RESULTA SA HINDI MAAYOS NA PAGTATAPON NG BASURA BACKYARD AND INDOOR DUMPING When burning plastic many toxic chemicals are emitted to the atmosphere. WATER/SEA DUMPING Might have a worse effect on some marine mammals if they swallowed whole or otherwise it might also choke waterways and small channels more. River Channels LITTERING CAN EFFECT BOTH ON LAND, AIR AND IN BODIES OF WATER - Will persist in the environment for hundreds of year - Chemical can leach from the plastic and enter water/animals which we both consume - Chemicals can then enter our bodies and persist there for many 13 years
BASURA, PANDAIGDIGANG PROBLEMA!
BASURA AT KAHIRAPAN BASURA AT KARANGYAAN
NEGATIBONG EPEKTO NG BASURA… •SA KAPALIGIRAN •SA PAGBABAGO NG KLIMA •SA HAYOP •SA KALUSUGAN NG TAO 16
Landfill/Open dumpsites Methane and other greenhouse gasses … sa Kapaligiran • Ang pagbuo ng methane gas, isa sa mga greenhouse gases, resulta ng kemikal reaksyon ng basura sa lupa • Pagbabago ng klima at pagkasira ng ozone layer dala ng patuloy na pagtaas ng carbon dioxide at ibang greenhouse gases • Nagpaparumi at sumisira sa kapaligiran dahilan sa hindi maayos na pagtatapon; Leaching: ay isang prosesso kung saan ang basura ay sumasama sa lupa at tubig na siyang dahilan ng kontaminasyon • Polusyon at kontamindong water systems 17
Increasing the greenhouse gases are causing the temperature to rise and are likely to increase the frequency and severity of weather such as heat wave and heavy rainfall 18
GLOBAL WARMING AT PAGBABAGO NG KLIMA Sobrang init ay maaring maging sanhi ng kasiraan at kamatayan. Tamang init ay mahalaga para sa mundo • Minimize the amount of carbon and other greenhouse gases like methane, tropospheric ozone and nitrous oxide • Carbon dioxide found in the air can be prevented if there are enough trees to absorb these harmful gases 19
Methane and other greenhouse gasses Landfill/ Open dumpsites 20
Greenhouse gasses 21
Sa taas ng temperatura posibleng maranasan natin ang sobrang init, kakulangan ng oxygen, tag-tuyot, taglamig at iba pang-kalamidad 22
…sa Kalusugan ng Tao • Paghinga ng nakakalasong kemikal • Ang hindi nakolektang basura ang bumabara sa pagdaloy ng tubig na siyang dahilan ng pagbaha • Mababang birth weight • Kanser • Congenital malformations • Neurological disease
…sa mga Hayop • Pagtaas ng mercury level sa mga anyong tubig dala ng di maayos na pagtapon ng mga mercury • Pagdami ng plastic sa karagatan at pagkabulok nito ay nagkakalat ng mga toxic particles na lumalason sa lupa at sa katubigan at aksidenteng nakakain ng mga ibon, isda at iba pang kahayupan. • Pagtaas ng algal polusyon na lumalason sa mga ilog at sa mga hayop. • Pagkasira ng mga tirahan ng hayop mapa-tubig at lupa 24
Ang pagkabulok ng plastic ay nagkakalat ng mga toxic particles na lumalason sa lupa at sa katubigan, at aksidenteng nakakain ng mga kahayupan. Daan-daang libong hayop-dagat ay namamatay taon- taon dahil sa pagkain ng mga tinatapon na basura.
Tambak na basura sa Pacific Ocean
Mga peste na nagdadala ng mga sakit dahil sa basura at maduming kapaligiran… Lamok Ipis Langaw Daga 27
LAMOK Malaria Encephalitis Yellow Fever Dengue Fever Elephantiasis 28
LANGAW Typhoid Fever Poliomyelitis Cholera Intestinal Worms Dysentery Ophthalmia Summer Diarrhea Anthrax Tubercolosis 29
DAGA Trichinosis Bubonic plague Chorio-Lepto Septicaemic Meningitis plague Pnuemonic plague Food Poisoning Sylvatic plague Infectious Jaundice or Murine Tuphus Weil’s Disease Fever 30
IPIS Can cause asthma Harbor Can be a carrier of bacteria- viruses such salmonella, as polio virus staphylococcus and streptococcus Typhoid Dysentery leprosy 31
WASTE BEING HARMFUL ADVERSE HEALTH BURNTH SUBSTANCE EFFECTS All waste including Particulate matter- LONG TERM plastic airborne particles that • Respiratory disease can be taken up by the • Heart problems lungs • Damage to nervous and reproductive system • Damage to kidney and liver • Cancer SHORT TERM • Headache • Nausea •Dizziness 32
WASTE BEING HARMFUL ADVERSE HEALTH BURNTH SUBSTANCE EFFECTS Polyvinyl Chloride Dioxin and HYDROCHLORIC ACID (PVC) hydrochloric acid • Burn your lungs Found in bottles and •Fluid build up in lungs jugs, children’s toys, •Ulceration of your cosmetic products respiratory tract and household products DIOXIN • Cancer • Immune dysfunction • IQ deficit • Reproductive effects 33
WASTE BEING HARMFUL ADVERSE HEALTH BURNTH SUBSTANCE EFFECTS Polystyrene Styrene, benzene, STYRENE •Readily absorbed into the skin, Found in toluene, xylene and respiratory tract and Styrofoam carbon monoxide gastrointestinal tract products such as • High doses can cause unconsciousness and death cups and egg • Vapor can damage the eye cartons, plastic and mucus membrane utensils, and some •Long term exposure can affect the central nervous system packaging products causing: 1.Headaches 2.Fatigue 3.Weakness 4.Depression 34
WASTE BEING HARMFUL ADVERSE HEALTH BURNTH SUBSTANCE EFFECTS BENZENE •Supression of one or more elements of the hematopoietic system (blood components) and malignant transformation of these elements into leukemia or possibly lymphoma. •At high exposures, may cause depression of the central nervous system: 1.Dizziness 2.Headache 3.Loss of consciousness 4.Convulsions which may ultimately lead to death 5.Cancer
WASTE BEING HARMFUL ADVERSE HEALTH BURNTH SUBSTANCE EFFECTS TOLUENE •Predominant effect is on the central nervous system: 1.Depression 2.Headache 3.Dizziness 4.Incoordination at 400 ppm 5.Staggering gait 6.Nausea 7.Confusion 8.Skin paresthesias 9.Dilatation of the pupils 10.Impaired light accommodation 11.Insomnia 12.Collapse 13.Coma
WASTE BEING HARMFUL ADVERSE HEALTH BURNTH SUBSTANCE EFFECTS 14. Death at 10,000 to 30,000 ppm •Liver toxicity •Renal toxicity CARBON MONOXIDE * Hypoxia – carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin (in red blood cells) to form carboxyhemoglobin, which is in effective in the transport of oxygen to body tissues and may eventually result to:
WASTE BEING HARMFUL ADVERSE HEALTH BURNTH SUBSTANCE EFFECTS •CNS effects: 1.Confusion 2.Disorientation 3.Loss of consciousness 4.Headache 5.Dizziness 6.Damage to the globus pallidus in the brain--- loss of voluntary movement of the body •May have severe effects on the fetus of a pregnant woman 1.Seizures 2.Coma 3.Death
Mga Abnormalidad sa Tao at sa Hayop.. 39
GUSTO BA NATING MANGYARI ITO? BE AWARE AND PREPARED 40
KATANGIAN AT PAKINABANG SA IBA’T-IBANG URI NG BASURA Benepisyo ng pagreresiklo ng papel Sa kada 500 libro na nareresiklo, tayo’y nakakabawas: • 7,000 gallons ng tubig • 3.3 cubic yards ng landfill space • 17 hanggang 31 na puno • 4,100 kw ng elektrisidad, maaring makapagpa-ilaw ng isang bahay ng humigit sa 6 buwan 41
PAGRERESIKLO NG BOTE • conserves natural resources because every ton of recycled glass saves • 1,300 lbs sand • 410 lbs soda ash • 380 lbs limestone. • Saves energy - free from heating sand to 2300 deg F, creates no pollution, glass cullets (crushed glass) saves energy (40%) since it melts faster. Minimize or reduce the mining activities of lime stone, sand soda ash, bauxite ore A glass bottle can take up to 1 million years to breakdown. 42
PAGRERESIKLO NG BAKAL Metal recycling conserves natural resources. Recycling one ton of steel conserves 2,500 lbs of iron ore 1,400 lbs of coal 120 lbs of limestone Recycling a ton of aluminum conserves up to 8 tons of bauxite ore 14 megawatt hours of electricity 43
RELASYON NG TAO AT KALIKASAN ECOSYSTEM is a place where living and non-living things exist and interact with one another (carbon dioxide and oxygen) BUHAY AT MASAGANANG KARAGATAN ANG MUNDO BILANG ISANG PARAISO GULPO AT KARAGATAN HABITAT, SURVIVE 44
SOLUSYON… ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT of 2000 • COMPLIANCE WITH RA 9003 Closure and Conversion to Open Dumpsite to CDFs - Controlled Disposal Facilities - Final Disposal System • SEGREGATION AT SOURCE • SEGREGATED COLLECTION • MATERIALS RECOVERY FACILITY (MRF) • RECYCLING – PACKAGING MATERIALS ARE RECYCLABLE • SANITARY LANDFILL RA 9003 Approval : January 26, 2001 IRR Effectivity: January 06, 2002
Institutional Structure National Solid Waste DENR-EMB-NSWMC/S Management Commission (Technical Support and (Policy Making) Enforcement) •Provide technical and other capability building assistance •Support to LGUs and private sector Ecological and Solid •Exercise visitorial and Waste Management Act enforcement power to ensure strict compliance •Issue rule and regulation •Responsible for the implementation and enforcement of the Local Government provision of this act Waste Units within their respective Generators/Citizens (Implementation) jurisdiction •Municipality/City shall be responsible for the collection •Barangay level shall conduct segregation 46
17 PARTNERS AT THE NSWMC Government Sector: DENR (Chairman) PIA DILG MMDA DOST League of Provinces DPWH League of Cities DOH League of Municipalities DTI Liga ng mga Barangay DA TESDA Non-Government Sector: 1 – Representative from the NGO Sector 1 – Representative from the Recycling Industry 1 – Representative from the Manufacturing/Packaging Industry 47
Special wastes Clay Lined Landfill 4% Recycling Recyclables Biodegradables Technologies 40% 56% • plastics Bioreactor Ecoshops/Buying Centers Biogas digester 48
PLASTICS… Identified as the worse in mixed waste dumped in different place BASURA AT KAHIRAPAN BASURA AT KARANGYAAN BASURA SA 49
The first step in eliminating the harmful effect of plastic is to: •Reduce – avoid using plastic products and purchase items with less plastic packaging •Reuse – when possible buy items such as metal and glass that can be reuse longer and do not leach chemical •Recycle – if your community does not have a recycling program, start one or collect them on your own 50
ITDI has an Integrated Approach to ITDI and Polystyrene Solid Waste Management which Packaging Council includes development of of the Philippines technologies on: FEATURES : • Steel casserole with cover, double jacketed body with a melting capacity of 50 kgs per batch • A motorized blunger for homogeneous mixing. • A cylindrical steel downspout - to facilitate the discharge of melted plastic during casting into the metal molds. • The exhaust/chimney is installed with a charcoal stack to absorb smoke emission during melting. • The temperature recorder measures the melting temperature • LPG fired with three-line burner. • Portable unit, mobile. DENSIFIER 51
Description of the Technology The technology mainly involves densification of “waste Styro” or “plastic bags” by melting them in a vegetable cooking oil at a controlled heating temperature; converting the waste styro/plastic bags into rigid functional products. Simple, affordable, environment-friendly and able to generate livelihood; decentralizing plastics recycling (community level). 52
Recycling Process Waste Styro/Plastic Bags Size Reduction (Shredding/Grinding) Melting/Densification Densified Products (functional, novelty) 53
OPERATION/PRODUCTION PROCESS 1. PREPARATION Shredding/Grinding Can GRIND: • plastic sando bags (PE, PP) • styropor/styrofoam ( FPS, EPS) • HDPE, PET bottles trays and containers • Aluminum foil packs ( sachet, pouch) 54
2. MELTING PROCESS POURING OF USED OIL 55
3. MOLDING/PRODUCT RESULT THE PRODUCT • The resulting molten waste plastic is easily molded by CASTING INTO THE METAL MOULDS which displayed potential uses for tabletops, planters, blocks for pathways, floorings, and other valuable functional products. Molding by Casting AT 180-200 DEGREE PREPARE THE METAL CENTIGRADE MOLDS AND SET MATERIALS/PLASTIC BENEATH THE SANDO BAG IS DENSIFIER ALREADY AT ITS HOMOGENOUS STAGE OPEN THE EXHAUST AND DRAIN PLUG AND REMOVE THE CLOGGED MATERIALS COOLING OF MOLDED PRODUCTS 56
Products Produced Plastic Planters 57
Functional Products Table tops School chair Catwalk blocks 58
Table Tops 59
Cat Walk 60
Other Products Boards Synthetic timber plank Bricks 61
Styro/Plastic Rigid Paving Blocks ( Product of Payatas Pilot Testing Project) Sample Modulus of Compressive Rupture (MOR), Strength (CS), kg/cm2 kg/cm2 Pure Styro 46.79 99.37 Styro/Plastic Mix 36.35 52.60 Plastic Shredded metallized 9.63 42.08 wrapper mix Styro/Plastic with less oil 38.55 58.57 62
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CLEANER GAS EMISSION/SMOKE AND GAS ANALYSIS •Tested by the Environmental Division, ITDI-DOST and DOLE 63 •Occupational Safety and Health Center*
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CLEANER GAS EMISSION/SMOKE AND GAS ANALYSIS FEBRUARY 22, 2012 AREA SAMPLING Concentration, ppm Area/Measuring Point Styrene Toluence Xylene Evaluation Rooftop (Styro Plastic Densifier Area) Left side <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Passed Right side <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 TLV based on OSHS, DOLE 100 ppm 100 ppm 100 ppm *Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted Average •Tested by the DOLE 644 6 •Occupational Safety and Health Center*
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CLEANER GAS EMISSION/SMOKE AND GAS ANALYSIS FEBRUARY 22, 2012 CARBON MONOXIDE Workarea/Measuring Points Carbon Monoxide Evaluation (Center of the room) Concentration, ppm Rooftop (Styro Plastic Densifier Area) Left side 5 Passed Ride side 2 TLV based on OSHS, DOLE 50 ppm 65
 Styro/Plastic Melt Densifier and fuel (LPG )  Trained operator/workers or Project Team  Shredding/Grinding Machine for plastic materials  Metal molds and accessories  Raw materials: waste styropor/plastic bags and used cooking oil  Appropriate working space with shade (min.50m2) (Materials Recovery Facility - MRF)  Proper exhaust system 66
67
PS BLOCKS ON PATHWAYS and FLOOR TILES in Bgy. Balabag, Boracay 68
Dipolog –LGU, Zamboanga del Norte Thru DOST 9 – PSTD- Dipolog October 27-29, 2009 69
PLASTIC RECYCLING in Sta Cruz, Laguna 70
Pilot Testing in Payatas, Quezon City Controlled Disposal Facility Densifier – electrically heated – tapping electric power generated by biogas power plant in Payatas 71
Styrofoam Shredding Machine Storage Area 72
“ Plastic Sando Bags Recycling” 1st Place Likha Award (Outstanding Creative Research) National Inventors Week November 2006, PTTC, Pasay 73
Technology adaptors 74
Technology adaptors 75
Technology Adaptors……… Non-Government Org. Date of Acquisition a. ZKK Corporation March 2005 Taytay, Rizal b. Mirriam College August 2006 (thru Quezon City PPCP/PPIA) Plastics Industry Date of Acquisition a. Polystyrene Packaging Council of the Philippines August 2006 (PPCP) b. Philippine Plastic Industry December 2007 Association (PPIA) 76
DOST-ITDI Accredited Fabricators DOST-ITDI Accredited Fabricators NCR Region 4 • I.M. Bongar & Co., Inc. • L. Angeles Machineries Corp. Las Pinas City, Metro Manila (LAMACO) Tel: (02) 801-3943 / 801-3341 Bacoor, Cavite Tel.: (02) 887-6596 / (046) 970-5672 • Markell Machineries Manufacturing Region 9 Blk. 2 Lot 6 Phase 1 • Pimentel Creative Builders & Gen. Natividad Subdivision Services Deparo, Caloocan City Balukot, Tambulig, Zamboanga del Sur Tel: (02) 425-6982 • Raymac, Inc. Mobile: 0910-672-9634 Caloocan City, Metro Manila Email: pimentel.builders@yahoo.com Tel.: (02) 366-7342 Region 11 • Davao NCG Services, Inc. Agdao, Davao City, Davao del Sur Tel.: (082) 227-4462
Cost of the Technology One(1) unit of Styro Plastic Densifier Features: Batch Type Process 50kg capacity Steel Casserole with cover Hopper Motorized Blunger Temperature Gauge Exhaust system packed with activated carbon/charcoal Metal Moulders Gas Burner with regulator hose Unit Price: P180,000.00 FOB Metro Manila/Luzon P185,000.00 Visayas/Mindanao Training chargeable against: Technology End-user78
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You may also address your request to any : 80
MARAMING SALAMAT! 81
ECONOMIC EVALUATION General Statement and Assumptions 1. Plant Operation  • 8 hrs/shift • 25 days/month 2. Production Capacity • 2 batches / day • 49 kg/batch - output * 98 kg production output per day
General Statement and Assumptions 1. Plant Operation  • 8 hrs/shift • 25 days/month 2. Production Capacity • 2 batches / day • 49 kg/batch - output * 98 kg production output per day
General Statement and Assumptions 3. Raw Materials 50 kg input  98% recovery Plastic  25 kg/batch Used Cooking Oil  25 kg/batch @ 15php/kg
General Statement and Assumptions 1. Plant Operation  • 8 hrs/shift • 25 days/month 2. Production Capacity • 2 batches / day • 49 kg/batch - output * 98 kg production output per day
General Statement and Assumptions 4. Direct Labor One Skilled Worker Two Unskilled 5. Utilities Electricity  298 kwhr/mo Water  13 cu.m. LPG  2kg/batch
General Statement and Assumptions 5. Useful life of equipment  10 yrs 6. Repair and Maintenace  3.0% of initial cost 7. Contingency  5.0 % of initial cost
Cost of Equipment ITEMS QTY COST/ UNIT TOTAL (Equipment (pcs) COST Styro/Plastic 1 P 185,000.00 P 185,000.00 Densifier Shredder 1 P 185,000.00 P 185,000.00 Pots Molder 49 P 1,000.00 P 49,000.00 Weighing Scale 1 P 2,500.00 P 2,500.00 Total P 421,500.00
Monthly Production Cost (2450 kg) ITEMS QTY COST/ TOTAL (Materials) (kg) UNIT COST Used Cooking 1250 P 15.00 P 18,750.00 Oil Plastic 1250 - - Total - P 18,750.00
Monthly Production Cost (2450 kg) ITEMS QTY COST/ TOTAL (Direct Labor) UNIT COST Skilled 1 P 325 P 8,125.00 Unskilled 2 P 275 P 13,750.00 Total P 21,875.00
Monthly Production Cost (2450 kg) ITEMS QTY COST/ TOTAL (Utilities) UNIT COST LPG 100 kg P 68.18 P 6,818.00 Electricity 298 kwh P 30.00 P 8,940.00 Water 13 cu.m. P 28.00 P 364.00 Total P 16,122.00
Total Capital Investment ( Php 519,376 ) ITEMS COST Equipment P 421,500.00 Pre-operating Expenses P 20,000.00 Working Capital P 57, 751.00 Contingency P 20, 075.00 Total P 519,376.00
Unit Cost ITEMS TOTAL Price / Tiles Pots COST kg ( 1kg) (2kg) Raw Materials P 18,750.00 P 7.65 P 7.65 P 15.30 Laborers P 21,875.00 P 8.93 P 8.93 P 17.86 Utilities P 16,122.00 P 6.58 P 6.58 P 13.16 Depreciation P 3,775.00 P 1.54 P 1.54 P 3.08 Repair & Maint. P 1,004.00 P 0.41 P 0.41 P 0.82 Total P 61,526.00 P 25.11 P 25.11 P 50.22
Highlights Product (No. of Decorative Pots/Tiles per Month 2450 kg 1225 pcs ( pots ) or 2450 pcs ( tiles )
Highlights Total Project Cost  Php 519,376.00 Unit Cost of Production /kg  Php 25.11 Revenue = Total Sales – Annual Cost Payback Period = Total Investment Revenue
MARAMING SALAMAT! 96

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Rene rev1 technology awareness and operation of styroplastic densifier(3)

  • 1. THE INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE (ITDI) “Our Business is Industry”
  • 2. Research & Research & Technology Technology Development Development Transfer Transfer Technical Technical Services Services
  • 3. Food Processing Materials National Metrology Laboratory, OD, Science Environment & Biotechnology ODD, PMISD, FMD, ADM ITDI Divisional Buildings at DOST Compound Chemicals & Energy Standards and Testing Information & Documentation Packaging Technology Technological Services (TSD)
  • 4. PILOT PLANTS & OTHER FACILITIES PILOT PLANTS & OTHER FACILITIES • Jatropha Processing and Analytical /Testing Facilities • Activated Carbon Plant • Biomass-fed gasifier and bolier •Bioreactor facility • Biogas Digester • Food Enterprise Modules •Non-food Enterprise Modules •Centralized Hazardous Waste Handling Facility •Materials Processing (Ceramics, Polymers, Composites, Inorganic Minerals) •Lab Scale Two Stage Aerobic Wastewater System
  • 5. R&D LABORATORIES R&D LABORATORIES • Chemical Sensors Lab • Fuels /Petroleum Lab • Paints Lab • Microbiology Lab • Food Lab • Electronic Nose and Tongue Lab • Plastics Testing & Processing Lab • Surface Coatings Lab • Materials Characterization Lab •Inorganic & Organic Chemicals Labs •Pharmaceuticals Lab • Metrology Lab
  • 6. RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PRIORITY PROGRAMS ENVIRONMENT ALTERNATIVE & NATURAL ENERGY BIOTECH RESOURCES Increased productivity AGRICULTURE Globally & FOOD SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECTORS competitive products & services MANUFACTURING HEALTH NANOTECHNOLOGY & PRODUCTION
  • 8. PANGANGASIWA NG BASURA: ANG KAHALAGAHAN SA TAO AT KALIKASAN 8
  • 9. MGA LAYUNIN NG PAGPAPAHAYAG • Pagpapaintindi na may mga malalaking dahilan para pangangasiwaan ang mga basura. • Pagpapahayag sa lawak ng problema ng basura at ang negatibong epekto nito sa tao at kalikasan. • Pagpapabago ng pananaw tungkol sa basura. • Pag-aaral sa mga simpleng paraan ng pangangasiwa ng basura. • Ang RA 9003 lokal na ordinansa at adhikain 9
  • 10. Mga Dahilan ng Pagdami ng Basura • Paglaki ng populasyon • Pagdami at paglaki ng mga industriya at manufactura • Urbanisasyon • Modernisasyon • Pag-unlad ng teknolohiya at paglaki ng global na populasyon kung saan tumataas ang pangangailangan tulad ng pakain na siyang tumutumbas sa pagtaas ng basura na being generated daily by each household.
  • 12. Laganap na paggamit ng mga bagay na di nabubulok!
  • 13. PANGKARANIWANG RESULTA SA HINDI MAAYOS NA PAGTATAPON NG BASURA BACKYARD AND INDOOR DUMPING When burning plastic many toxic chemicals are emitted to the atmosphere. WATER/SEA DUMPING Might have a worse effect on some marine mammals if they swallowed whole or otherwise it might also choke waterways and small channels more. River Channels LITTERING CAN EFFECT BOTH ON LAND, AIR AND IN BODIES OF WATER - Will persist in the environment for hundreds of year - Chemical can leach from the plastic and enter water/animals which we both consume - Chemicals can then enter our bodies and persist there for many 13 years
  • 15. BASURA AT KAHIRAPAN BASURA AT KARANGYAAN
  • 16. NEGATIBONG EPEKTO NG BASURA… •SA KAPALIGIRAN •SA PAGBABAGO NG KLIMA •SA HAYOP •SA KALUSUGAN NG TAO 16
  • 17. Landfill/Open dumpsites Methane and other greenhouse gasses … sa Kapaligiran • Ang pagbuo ng methane gas, isa sa mga greenhouse gases, resulta ng kemikal reaksyon ng basura sa lupa • Pagbabago ng klima at pagkasira ng ozone layer dala ng patuloy na pagtaas ng carbon dioxide at ibang greenhouse gases • Nagpaparumi at sumisira sa kapaligiran dahilan sa hindi maayos na pagtatapon; Leaching: ay isang prosesso kung saan ang basura ay sumasama sa lupa at tubig na siyang dahilan ng kontaminasyon • Polusyon at kontamindong water systems 17
  • 18. Increasing the greenhouse gases are causing the temperature to rise and are likely to increase the frequency and severity of weather such as heat wave and heavy rainfall 18
  • 19. GLOBAL WARMING AT PAGBABAGO NG KLIMA Sobrang init ay maaring maging sanhi ng kasiraan at kamatayan. Tamang init ay mahalaga para sa mundo • Minimize the amount of carbon and other greenhouse gases like methane, tropospheric ozone and nitrous oxide • Carbon dioxide found in the air can be prevented if there are enough trees to absorb these harmful gases 19
  • 20. Methane and other greenhouse gasses Landfill/ Open dumpsites 20
  • 22. Sa taas ng temperatura posibleng maranasan natin ang sobrang init, kakulangan ng oxygen, tag-tuyot, taglamig at iba pang-kalamidad 22
  • 23. …sa Kalusugan ng Tao • Paghinga ng nakakalasong kemikal • Ang hindi nakolektang basura ang bumabara sa pagdaloy ng tubig na siyang dahilan ng pagbaha • Mababang birth weight • Kanser • Congenital malformations • Neurological disease
  • 24. …sa mga Hayop • Pagtaas ng mercury level sa mga anyong tubig dala ng di maayos na pagtapon ng mga mercury • Pagdami ng plastic sa karagatan at pagkabulok nito ay nagkakalat ng mga toxic particles na lumalason sa lupa at sa katubigan at aksidenteng nakakain ng mga ibon, isda at iba pang kahayupan. • Pagtaas ng algal polusyon na lumalason sa mga ilog at sa mga hayop. • Pagkasira ng mga tirahan ng hayop mapa-tubig at lupa 24
  • 25. Ang pagkabulok ng plastic ay nagkakalat ng mga toxic particles na lumalason sa lupa at sa katubigan, at aksidenteng nakakain ng mga kahayupan. Daan-daang libong hayop-dagat ay namamatay taon- taon dahil sa pagkain ng mga tinatapon na basura.
  • 26. Tambak na basura sa Pacific Ocean
  • 27. Mga peste na nagdadala ng mga sakit dahil sa basura at maduming kapaligiran… Lamok Ipis Langaw Daga 27
  • 28. LAMOK Malaria Encephalitis Yellow Fever Dengue Fever Elephantiasis 28
  • 29. LANGAW Typhoid Fever Poliomyelitis Cholera Intestinal Worms Dysentery Ophthalmia Summer Diarrhea Anthrax Tubercolosis 29
  • 30. DAGA Trichinosis Bubonic plague Chorio-Lepto Septicaemic Meningitis plague Pnuemonic plague Food Poisoning Sylvatic plague Infectious Jaundice or Murine Tuphus Weil’s Disease Fever 30
  • 31. IPIS Can cause asthma Harbor Can be a carrier of bacteria- viruses such salmonella, as polio virus staphylococcus and streptococcus Typhoid Dysentery leprosy 31
  • 32. WASTE BEING HARMFUL ADVERSE HEALTH BURNTH SUBSTANCE EFFECTS All waste including Particulate matter- LONG TERM plastic airborne particles that • Respiratory disease can be taken up by the • Heart problems lungs • Damage to nervous and reproductive system • Damage to kidney and liver • Cancer SHORT TERM • Headache • Nausea •Dizziness 32
  • 33. WASTE BEING HARMFUL ADVERSE HEALTH BURNTH SUBSTANCE EFFECTS Polyvinyl Chloride Dioxin and HYDROCHLORIC ACID (PVC) hydrochloric acid • Burn your lungs Found in bottles and •Fluid build up in lungs jugs, children’s toys, •Ulceration of your cosmetic products respiratory tract and household products DIOXIN • Cancer • Immune dysfunction • IQ deficit • Reproductive effects 33
  • 34. WASTE BEING HARMFUL ADVERSE HEALTH BURNTH SUBSTANCE EFFECTS Polystyrene Styrene, benzene, STYRENE •Readily absorbed into the skin, Found in toluene, xylene and respiratory tract and Styrofoam carbon monoxide gastrointestinal tract products such as • High doses can cause unconsciousness and death cups and egg • Vapor can damage the eye cartons, plastic and mucus membrane utensils, and some •Long term exposure can affect the central nervous system packaging products causing: 1.Headaches 2.Fatigue 3.Weakness 4.Depression 34
  • 35. WASTE BEING HARMFUL ADVERSE HEALTH BURNTH SUBSTANCE EFFECTS BENZENE •Supression of one or more elements of the hematopoietic system (blood components) and malignant transformation of these elements into leukemia or possibly lymphoma. •At high exposures, may cause depression of the central nervous system: 1.Dizziness 2.Headache 3.Loss of consciousness 4.Convulsions which may ultimately lead to death 5.Cancer
  • 36. WASTE BEING HARMFUL ADVERSE HEALTH BURNTH SUBSTANCE EFFECTS TOLUENE •Predominant effect is on the central nervous system: 1.Depression 2.Headache 3.Dizziness 4.Incoordination at 400 ppm 5.Staggering gait 6.Nausea 7.Confusion 8.Skin paresthesias 9.Dilatation of the pupils 10.Impaired light accommodation 11.Insomnia 12.Collapse 13.Coma
  • 37. WASTE BEING HARMFUL ADVERSE HEALTH BURNTH SUBSTANCE EFFECTS 14. Death at 10,000 to 30,000 ppm •Liver toxicity •Renal toxicity CARBON MONOXIDE * Hypoxia – carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin (in red blood cells) to form carboxyhemoglobin, which is in effective in the transport of oxygen to body tissues and may eventually result to:
  • 38. WASTE BEING HARMFUL ADVERSE HEALTH BURNTH SUBSTANCE EFFECTS •CNS effects: 1.Confusion 2.Disorientation 3.Loss of consciousness 4.Headache 5.Dizziness 6.Damage to the globus pallidus in the brain--- loss of voluntary movement of the body •May have severe effects on the fetus of a pregnant woman 1.Seizures 2.Coma 3.Death
  • 39. Mga Abnormalidad sa Tao at sa Hayop.. 39
  • 40. GUSTO BA NATING MANGYARI ITO? BE AWARE AND PREPARED 40
  • 41. KATANGIAN AT PAKINABANG SA IBA’T-IBANG URI NG BASURA Benepisyo ng pagreresiklo ng papel Sa kada 500 libro na nareresiklo, tayo’y nakakabawas: • 7,000 gallons ng tubig • 3.3 cubic yards ng landfill space • 17 hanggang 31 na puno • 4,100 kw ng elektrisidad, maaring makapagpa-ilaw ng isang bahay ng humigit sa 6 buwan 41
  • 42. PAGRERESIKLO NG BOTE • conserves natural resources because every ton of recycled glass saves • 1,300 lbs sand • 410 lbs soda ash • 380 lbs limestone. • Saves energy - free from heating sand to 2300 deg F, creates no pollution, glass cullets (crushed glass) saves energy (40%) since it melts faster. Minimize or reduce the mining activities of lime stone, sand soda ash, bauxite ore A glass bottle can take up to 1 million years to breakdown. 42
  • 43. PAGRERESIKLO NG BAKAL Metal recycling conserves natural resources. Recycling one ton of steel conserves 2,500 lbs of iron ore 1,400 lbs of coal 120 lbs of limestone Recycling a ton of aluminum conserves up to 8 tons of bauxite ore 14 megawatt hours of electricity 43
  • 44. RELASYON NG TAO AT KALIKASAN ECOSYSTEM is a place where living and non-living things exist and interact with one another (carbon dioxide and oxygen) BUHAY AT MASAGANANG KARAGATAN ANG MUNDO BILANG ISANG PARAISO GULPO AT KARAGATAN HABITAT, SURVIVE 44
  • 45. SOLUSYON… ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT of 2000 • COMPLIANCE WITH RA 9003 Closure and Conversion to Open Dumpsite to CDFs - Controlled Disposal Facilities - Final Disposal System • SEGREGATION AT SOURCE • SEGREGATED COLLECTION • MATERIALS RECOVERY FACILITY (MRF) • RECYCLING – PACKAGING MATERIALS ARE RECYCLABLE • SANITARY LANDFILL RA 9003 Approval : January 26, 2001 IRR Effectivity: January 06, 2002
  • 46. Institutional Structure National Solid Waste DENR-EMB-NSWMC/S Management Commission (Technical Support and (Policy Making) Enforcement) •Provide technical and other capability building assistance •Support to LGUs and private sector Ecological and Solid •Exercise visitorial and Waste Management Act enforcement power to ensure strict compliance •Issue rule and regulation •Responsible for the implementation and enforcement of the Local Government provision of this act Waste Units within their respective Generators/Citizens (Implementation) jurisdiction •Municipality/City shall be responsible for the collection •Barangay level shall conduct segregation 46
  • 47. 17 PARTNERS AT THE NSWMC Government Sector: DENR (Chairman) PIA DILG MMDA DOST League of Provinces DPWH League of Cities DOH League of Municipalities DTI Liga ng mga Barangay DA TESDA Non-Government Sector: 1 – Representative from the NGO Sector 1 – Representative from the Recycling Industry 1 – Representative from the Manufacturing/Packaging Industry 47
  • 48. Special wastes Clay Lined Landfill 4% Recycling Recyclables Biodegradables Technologies 40% 56% • plastics Bioreactor Ecoshops/Buying Centers Biogas digester 48
  • 49. PLASTICS… Identified as the worse in mixed waste dumped in different place BASURA AT KAHIRAPAN BASURA AT KARANGYAAN BASURA SA 49
  • 50. The first step in eliminating the harmful effect of plastic is to: •Reduce – avoid using plastic products and purchase items with less plastic packaging •Reuse – when possible buy items such as metal and glass that can be reuse longer and do not leach chemical •Recycle – if your community does not have a recycling program, start one or collect them on your own 50
  • 51. ITDI has an Integrated Approach to ITDI and Polystyrene Solid Waste Management which Packaging Council includes development of of the Philippines technologies on: FEATURES : • Steel casserole with cover, double jacketed body with a melting capacity of 50 kgs per batch • A motorized blunger for homogeneous mixing. • A cylindrical steel downspout - to facilitate the discharge of melted plastic during casting into the metal molds. • The exhaust/chimney is installed with a charcoal stack to absorb smoke emission during melting. • The temperature recorder measures the melting temperature • LPG fired with three-line burner. • Portable unit, mobile. DENSIFIER 51
  • 52. Description of the Technology The technology mainly involves densification of “waste Styro” or “plastic bags” by melting them in a vegetable cooking oil at a controlled heating temperature; converting the waste styro/plastic bags into rigid functional products. Simple, affordable, environment-friendly and able to generate livelihood; decentralizing plastics recycling (community level). 52
  • 53. Recycling Process Waste Styro/Plastic Bags Size Reduction (Shredding/Grinding) Melting/Densification Densified Products (functional, novelty) 53
  • 54. OPERATION/PRODUCTION PROCESS 1. PREPARATION Shredding/Grinding Can GRIND: • plastic sando bags (PE, PP) • styropor/styrofoam ( FPS, EPS) • HDPE, PET bottles trays and containers • Aluminum foil packs ( sachet, pouch) 54
  • 55. 2. MELTING PROCESS POURING OF USED OIL 55
  • 56. 3. MOLDING/PRODUCT RESULT THE PRODUCT • The resulting molten waste plastic is easily molded by CASTING INTO THE METAL MOULDS which displayed potential uses for tabletops, planters, blocks for pathways, floorings, and other valuable functional products. Molding by Casting AT 180-200 DEGREE PREPARE THE METAL CENTIGRADE MOLDS AND SET MATERIALS/PLASTIC BENEATH THE SANDO BAG IS DENSIFIER ALREADY AT ITS HOMOGENOUS STAGE OPEN THE EXHAUST AND DRAIN PLUG AND REMOVE THE CLOGGED MATERIALS COOLING OF MOLDED PRODUCTS 56
  • 58. Functional Products Table tops School chair Catwalk blocks 58
  • 60. Cat Walk 60
  • 61. Other Products Boards Synthetic timber plank Bricks 61
  • 62. Styro/Plastic Rigid Paving Blocks ( Product of Payatas Pilot Testing Project) Sample Modulus of Compressive Rupture (MOR), Strength (CS), kg/cm2 kg/cm2 Pure Styro 46.79 99.37 Styro/Plastic Mix 36.35 52.60 Plastic Shredded metallized 9.63 42.08 wrapper mix Styro/Plastic with less oil 38.55 58.57 62
  • 63. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CLEANER GAS EMISSION/SMOKE AND GAS ANALYSIS •Tested by the Environmental Division, ITDI-DOST and DOLE 63 •Occupational Safety and Health Center*
  • 64. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CLEANER GAS EMISSION/SMOKE AND GAS ANALYSIS FEBRUARY 22, 2012 AREA SAMPLING Concentration, ppm Area/Measuring Point Styrene Toluence Xylene Evaluation Rooftop (Styro Plastic Densifier Area) Left side <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Passed Right side <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 TLV based on OSHS, DOLE 100 ppm 100 ppm 100 ppm *Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted Average •Tested by the DOLE 644 6 •Occupational Safety and Health Center*
  • 65. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CLEANER GAS EMISSION/SMOKE AND GAS ANALYSIS FEBRUARY 22, 2012 CARBON MONOXIDE Workarea/Measuring Points Carbon Monoxide Evaluation (Center of the room) Concentration, ppm Rooftop (Styro Plastic Densifier Area) Left side 5 Passed Ride side 2 TLV based on OSHS, DOLE 50 ppm 65
  • 66. Styro/Plastic Melt Densifier and fuel (LPG )  Trained operator/workers or Project Team  Shredding/Grinding Machine for plastic materials  Metal molds and accessories  Raw materials: waste styropor/plastic bags and used cooking oil  Appropriate working space with shade (min.50m2) (Materials Recovery Facility - MRF)  Proper exhaust system 66
  • 67. 67
  • 68. PS BLOCKS ON PATHWAYS and FLOOR TILES in Bgy. Balabag, Boracay 68
  • 69. Dipolog –LGU, Zamboanga del Norte Thru DOST 9 – PSTD- Dipolog October 27-29, 2009 69
  • 70. PLASTIC RECYCLING in Sta Cruz, Laguna 70
  • 71. Pilot Testing in Payatas, Quezon City Controlled Disposal Facility Densifier – electrically heated – tapping electric power generated by biogas power plant in Payatas 71
  • 72. Styrofoam Shredding Machine Storage Area 72
  • 73. “ Plastic Sando Bags Recycling” 1st Place Likha Award (Outstanding Creative Research) National Inventors Week November 2006, PTTC, Pasay 73
  • 76. Technology Adaptors……… Non-Government Org. Date of Acquisition a. ZKK Corporation March 2005 Taytay, Rizal b. Mirriam College August 2006 (thru Quezon City PPCP/PPIA) Plastics Industry Date of Acquisition a. Polystyrene Packaging Council of the Philippines August 2006 (PPCP) b. Philippine Plastic Industry December 2007 Association (PPIA) 76
  • 77. DOST-ITDI Accredited Fabricators DOST-ITDI Accredited Fabricators NCR Region 4 • I.M. Bongar & Co., Inc. • L. Angeles Machineries Corp. Las Pinas City, Metro Manila (LAMACO) Tel: (02) 801-3943 / 801-3341 Bacoor, Cavite Tel.: (02) 887-6596 / (046) 970-5672 • Markell Machineries Manufacturing Region 9 Blk. 2 Lot 6 Phase 1 • Pimentel Creative Builders & Gen. Natividad Subdivision Services Deparo, Caloocan City Balukot, Tambulig, Zamboanga del Sur Tel: (02) 425-6982 • Raymac, Inc. Mobile: 0910-672-9634 Caloocan City, Metro Manila Email: pimentel.builders@yahoo.com Tel.: (02) 366-7342 Region 11 • Davao NCG Services, Inc. Agdao, Davao City, Davao del Sur Tel.: (082) 227-4462
  • 78. Cost of the Technology One(1) unit of Styro Plastic Densifier Features: Batch Type Process 50kg capacity Steel Casserole with cover Hopper Motorized Blunger Temperature Gauge Exhaust system packed with activated carbon/charcoal Metal Moulders Gas Burner with regulator hose Unit Price: P180,000.00 FOB Metro Manila/Luzon P185,000.00 Visayas/Mindanao Training chargeable against: Technology End-user78
  • 79. 79
  • 80. You may also address your request to any : 80
  • 82. ECONOMIC EVALUATION General Statement and Assumptions 1. Plant Operation  • 8 hrs/shift • 25 days/month 2. Production Capacity • 2 batches / day • 49 kg/batch - output * 98 kg production output per day
  • 83. General Statement and Assumptions 1. Plant Operation  • 8 hrs/shift • 25 days/month 2. Production Capacity • 2 batches / day • 49 kg/batch - output * 98 kg production output per day
  • 84. General Statement and Assumptions 3. Raw Materials 50 kg input  98% recovery Plastic  25 kg/batch Used Cooking Oil  25 kg/batch @ 15php/kg
  • 85. General Statement and Assumptions 1. Plant Operation  • 8 hrs/shift • 25 days/month 2. Production Capacity • 2 batches / day • 49 kg/batch - output * 98 kg production output per day
  • 86. General Statement and Assumptions 4. Direct Labor One Skilled Worker Two Unskilled 5. Utilities Electricity  298 kwhr/mo Water  13 cu.m. LPG  2kg/batch
  • 87. General Statement and Assumptions 5. Useful life of equipment  10 yrs 6. Repair and Maintenace  3.0% of initial cost 7. Contingency  5.0 % of initial cost
  • 88. Cost of Equipment ITEMS QTY COST/ UNIT TOTAL (Equipment (pcs) COST Styro/Plastic 1 P 185,000.00 P 185,000.00 Densifier Shredder 1 P 185,000.00 P 185,000.00 Pots Molder 49 P 1,000.00 P 49,000.00 Weighing Scale 1 P 2,500.00 P 2,500.00 Total P 421,500.00
  • 89. Monthly Production Cost (2450 kg) ITEMS QTY COST/ TOTAL (Materials) (kg) UNIT COST Used Cooking 1250 P 15.00 P 18,750.00 Oil Plastic 1250 - - Total - P 18,750.00
  • 90. Monthly Production Cost (2450 kg) ITEMS QTY COST/ TOTAL (Direct Labor) UNIT COST Skilled 1 P 325 P 8,125.00 Unskilled 2 P 275 P 13,750.00 Total P 21,875.00
  • 91. Monthly Production Cost (2450 kg) ITEMS QTY COST/ TOTAL (Utilities) UNIT COST LPG 100 kg P 68.18 P 6,818.00 Electricity 298 kwh P 30.00 P 8,940.00 Water 13 cu.m. P 28.00 P 364.00 Total P 16,122.00
  • 92. Total Capital Investment ( Php 519,376 ) ITEMS COST Equipment P 421,500.00 Pre-operating Expenses P 20,000.00 Working Capital P 57, 751.00 Contingency P 20, 075.00 Total P 519,376.00
  • 93. Unit Cost ITEMS TOTAL Price / Tiles Pots COST kg ( 1kg) (2kg) Raw Materials P 18,750.00 P 7.65 P 7.65 P 15.30 Laborers P 21,875.00 P 8.93 P 8.93 P 17.86 Utilities P 16,122.00 P 6.58 P 6.58 P 13.16 Depreciation P 3,775.00 P 1.54 P 1.54 P 3.08 Repair & Maint. P 1,004.00 P 0.41 P 0.41 P 0.82 Total P 61,526.00 P 25.11 P 25.11 P 50.22
  • 94. Highlights Product (No. of Decorative Pots/Tiles per Month 2450 kg 1225 pcs ( pots ) or 2450 pcs ( tiles )
  • 95. Highlights Total Project Cost  Php 519,376.00 Unit Cost of Production /kg  Php 25.11 Revenue = Total Sales – Annual Cost Payback Period = Total Investment Revenue

Editor's Notes

  1. Characteristic of solid waste changed and its volume also increased due to advancement in technology.
  2. Numerous epidemiology studies have been conducted to evaluate whether the health of people living near hazardous waste disposal sites is being adversely affected(Moeller, 20050.