Curriculum Trend & Development

1. DISTANCE STUDY LEARNING
CURRICULUM
presented by:
FOR-IAN V. SANDOVAL
MAED Major in
Educational Management

2. Distance education, or distance learning,
is a field of education that focuses on the
pedagogy and andragogy, technology, and
instructional systems design that aim to deliver
education to students who are not physically
"on site". Rather than attending courses in
person, teachers and students may
communicate at times of their own choosing by
exchanging printed or electronic media, or
through technology that allows them to
communicate in real time and through other
online ways. Distance education courses that
require a physical on-site presence for any
reason including the taking of examinations is
considered to be a hybrid or blended course of
study.

3. Various Forms of Distance Education
1. Open Learning
2. Electronic Learning
3. Computer-Assisted Language
Learning
4. Educational Technology
5. Learning Management System
6. mLearning
7. Social Network Service
8. Virtual School
9. Web Conferencing

4. Various Forms of Distance Education
• Open learning is a teaching method
that is, among others, founded on the
work of Célestin Freinet and
Maria Montessori. Open learning is
supposed to allow pupils self-
determined, independent and interest-
guided learning. More recent work on
open learning has been conducted by
the pedagogues Hans Brügelmann,
Falko Peschel, Jörg Ramseger and
Wulf Wallrabenstein.

5. Various Forms of Distance Education
2. Electronic learning (or e-Learning or
eLearning) is a type of Technology
supported education/learning (TSL) where
the medium of instruction is through
computer technology, particularly involving
digital technologies. E-learning has been
defined as "pedagogy empowered by digital
technology". In some instances, no face- to-
face interaction takes place. E-learning is
used interchangeably in a wide variety of
contexts. In companies, it refers to the
strategies that use the company network to
deliver training courses to employees.

6. Various Forms of Distance Education
3. Computer-assisted language learning
(CALL) is a form of computer-based assisted
learning which carries two important
features: bidirectional learning and
individualized learning. It is not a method.
CALL materials are tools for learning. The
focus of CALL is learning, and not teaching.
CALL materials are used in teaching to
facilitate the language learning process. It is
a student-centered accelerated learning
material, which promotes self-paced
accelerated learning.

7. Various Forms of Distance Education
4. Educational technology (also called
learning technology) is the study and
ethical practice of facilitating learning and
improving performance by creating, using
and managing appropriate technological
processes and resources."[1] The term
educational technology is often associated
with, and encompasses, instructional theory
and learning theory. While
instructional technology covers the
processes and systems of learning and
instruction, educational technology includes
other systems used in the process of
developing human capability. Educational
Technology includes, but is not limited to,
software, hardware, as well as Internet
applications and activities.

8. Various Forms of Distance Education
5. A learning management system
(LMS) is software for delivering,
tracking and managing training. LMSs
range from systems for managing
training records to software for
distributing courses over the Internet
and offering features for online
collaboration.

9. Various Forms of Distance Education
6. mLearning, or "mobile learning", has
different meanings for different communities.
Although related to e-learning and
distance education, it is distinct in its focus
on learning across contexts and learning with
mobile devices. One definition of mobile
learning is: Learning that happens across
locations, or that takes advantage of learning
opportunities offered by portable
technologies. In other words, mobile learning
decreases limitation of learning location with
the mobility of general portable devices.

10. Most personal technologies can support
mobile learning, including
• Personal Digital Assistant, in the
classroom and outdoors
• Tablet PC, UMPC, mobile phone,
camera phone and SmartPhone
• Learning Mobile Author, e.g. for
authoring and publishing WAP,
Java ME and SmartPhone
• Personal audio player, e.g. for
listening to audio recordings of
lectures

11. Most personal technologies can support
mobile learning, including
• Personal audio player, e.g. for
listening to audio recordings of
lectures
• Handheld audio and multimedia guides
, in museums and galleries
• Handheld game console, modern
gaming consoles such as Sony PSP
or Nintendo DS

12. Technical and delivery support for mobile
learning:
• 3GP For compression and delivery
method of audiovisual content
associated with Mobile Learning
• Wi-Fi gives access to instructors and
resources via internet
• GPRS (General packet radio service)
mobile data service, provides high
speed connection and data transfer
rate

13. Various Forms of Distance Education
7. A social network service focuses
on building online communities of
people who share interests and/or
activities, or who are interested in
exploring the interests and activities of
others. Most social network services
are web based and provide a variety
of ways for users to interact, such as
e-mail and instant messaging
services.

14. Various Forms of Distance Education
8. A virtual school or cyberschool describes
an institution that teaches courses entirely or
primarily through online methods. Though
there are tens of thousands of commercial
and non-accredited courses available online,
the term "virtual school" is generally reserved
for accredited schools that teach a full-time
(or nearly full-time) course of instruction
designed to lead to a degree. At the primary
and secondary level, accreditation means
that virtual schools tend to receive public
funding; some publicly funded and private
universities also provide accredited online
degrees.

15. Various Forms of Distance Education
9. Web conferencing is used to conduct
live meetings or presentations via the
Internet. In a web conference, each
participant sits at his or her own
computer and is connected to other
participants via the internet. This can
be either a downloaded application on
each of the attendees’ computers or a
web-based application where the
attendees will simply enter a URL
(website address) to enter the
conference.

16. Other typical features of a web
conference include:
• Slide show presentations - where
PowerPoint or Keynote slides are
presented to the audience and markup
tools and a remote mouse pointer are
used to engage the audience while the
presenter discusses slide content.
• Live or Streaming video - where full
motion webcam, digital video camera
or multi-media files are pushed to the
audience.

17. Other typical features of a web
conference include:
• VoIP (Real time audio communication
through the computer via use of
headphones and speakers)
• Web tours - where URLs, data from
forms, cookies, scripts and session
data can be pushed to other
participants enabling them to be
pushed though web based logons,
clicks, etc. This type of feature works
well when demonstrating websites
where users themselves can also
participate.

18. Other typical features of a web
conference include:
• Meeting Recording - where
presentation activity is recorded on a
PC, MAC or server side for later
viewing and/or distribution.
• Whiteboard with annotation (allowing
the presenter and/or attendees to
highlight or mark items on the slide
presentation. Or, simply make notes
on a blank whiteboard.)

19. Other typical features of a web
conference include:
• Text chat - For live question and
answer sessions, limited to the people
connected to the meeting. Text chat
may be public (echo'ed to all
participants) or private (between 2
participants).
• Polls and surveys (allows the
presenter to conduct questions with
multiple choice answers directed to
the audience)

20. Other typical features of a web
conference include:
• Screen sharing/desktop
sharing/application sharing (where
participants can view anything the
presenter currently has shown on their
screen. Some screen sharing
applications allow for remote desktop
control, allowing participants to
manipulate the presenters screen,
although this is not widely used.)

21. Technologies Used in Delivery
1. Synchronous technology is a mode of
online delivery where all participants
are "present" at the same time.
Requires a timetable to be organized.
Synchronous technologies such as
telephone, videoconferencing and web
conferencing.

22. Technologies Used in Delivery
2. Asynchronous technology is a mode
of online delivery where participants
access course materials on their own
schedule. Students are not required to
be together at the same time.
Asynchronous technologies such as
audiocassette, e-mail, message board
forums, print materials, voice mail/fax
and videocassette.

23. Types of Distance Education Courses
1. Correspondence conducted through
regular mail
2. Internet conducted either
synchronously or asynchronously
3. Telecourse/ Broadcast, in which
content is delivered via radio or
television
4. CD-ROM, in which the student
interacts with computer content stored
on a CD-ROM

24. Types of Distance Education Courses
5. PocketPC/ Mobile Learning where the
student accesses course content
stored on a mobile device or through a
wireless server
6. Integrated distance learning, the
integration of live, in-group instruction
or interaction with a distance learning
curriculum

25. Testing and Evaluation
Distance education has long had trouble
with testing. The delivery of testing materials is
fairly straightforward, which makes sure it is
available to the student and he or she can read
it at their leisure. The problem arises when the
student is required to complete assignments
and testing. Online courses have had difficulty
controlling cheating in quizzes, tests, or
examinations because of the lack of teacher
control. In a classroom situation a teacher can
monitor students and visually uphold a level of
integrity consistent with an institution's
reputation. However, with distance education
the student can be removed from supervision
completely. Some schools address integrity
issues concerning testing by requiring students
to take examinations in a controlled setting.

26. Testing and Evaluation
• CLEP. In recent years, the College Board has been
promoting its College Level Examination Program
(CLEP) tests. These tests are fully accredited and
can be used for many of the general education and
even core requirements of many degree templates.
The tests are administered in approved testing
centers and are closely proctored to prevent
cheating. CLEP tests are computer-based, online
tests that consist of roughly 80-120 multiple choice
questions. Because the test is computer-based, the
candidate's score can be tallied as soon as the test
is completed. CLEP's passing grade is a 50
(roughly equivalent to a C-grade) and is scaled all
the way to 80 (roughly the equivalent of an A-
grade) for a perfect score. CLEP operates on a
pass or fail basis, in that the actual grade does not
determine credit awarded, but is strictly based on
whether the candidate passes or not.

27. Testing and Evaluation
2. DSST. In addition to CLEP tests, the
DANTES Standardized Subject Tests (DSST)[22]
is also frequently used to cover areas that CLEP
does not offer tests in. These are very similar in
format and administration to CLEP, being
computer-based, online, and proctored, with
immediate test results available. DSST also
offers a number of its exams in paper based
format, though they must be sent in to DSST's
offices for grading, resulting in a delay for
application of credit. Traditionally, DSST has
used a grading system nearly identical to that of
CLEP, but has recently been overhauling its tests
and applying a new grading system, with a
300-500 point grade, with 400 as the passing
grade. Credit is awarded based on pass or fail.

28. SALAMAT PO!