Poverty With Added Vitamins? Competing Ways to Govern the World Food System’ Raj Patel
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2 June 2015, 4.30pm University of Pretoria ‘Poverty With Added Vitamins? Competing Ways to Govern the World Food System’ Raj Patel, New York Times bestselling author of “Stuffed and Starved: The Hidden Battle for the World Food System” and The “Value of Nothing: How to Reshape Market Society and Redefine Democracy”
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Poverty With Added Vitamins? Competing Ways to Govern the World Food System’ Raj Patel
- 1. Poverty With Added Vitamins? Competing Ways To Govern The World Food System Raj Patel Research Professor Lyndon B Johnson School of Public Affairs University of Texas at Austin
- 2. Which is the most important agricultural technology? 1. the plough 2. fencing 3. the seed drill 4. inorganic fertilizer 5. genetically modified crops
- 3. •19th century 21st century TECHNOLOGY OF EXCLUSION Source: UK Ordnance Survey
- 4. Global Ecological Footprint: Cheap Nature Davis, Steven J., and Ken Caldeira. 2010. "Consumption-based accounting of CO2 emissions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 (12):5687-92.
- 5. Cheap Workers need Cheap Food needs Cheap Nature Credit: Mike Mozart (cc v2 license)
- 7. New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition Source: The Guardian
- 8. Business Alliance for Food and Fortification • ‘Companies already own the right technology to make a difference as well as the distribution channels and communication networks’ Business Alliance for Food and Fortification 2005
- 10. Malawi’s Key Commitments 1. Improved score on Doing Business Index to top 100 countries 2. Increased dollar value of private sector investment in the agriculture sector and value added agro-processing 3. Increased private investment in commercial production, sale of inputs and produce and value addition
- 11. Project Million US$ Malawian Registered Companies Agora Limited Construct toor dhal (sic) plant 4.7 Dairibord Malawi Private Limited Import new breed of cows, increase land for commercial dairy farming 3.0 Exagris Africa Limited Upgrade irrigation and diversify crops on 5000 ha of estate land 2.0 Malawi Mangoes Construct processing facility, build outgrower scheme, increase land under cultivation by 1000ha 10.0 Press Agriculture Limited Expand seed production on 50,000 hectares of land, invest in oilseed processing 5.0 International Companies Bunge Promote the growing, the structured marketing and export of soya beans Illovo Sugar Malawi Limited Increase sugar production on estates 30.0 Limbe Leaf Tobacco Company Expand farmer contracting program 30.0 Monsanto Malawi Limited Advance existing testing efforts to introduce hybrid maize and Bt cotton Standard Bank Increase commodity and production finance, in particular to oil seed sector Total (not all projects included above) 139.7 Some specific commitments to the New Alliance Source: New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition
- 12. So Why is it Called the New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition? Source: Kevin Dooley/Flickr, Nishan Bichajian/MIT Libraries
- 13. The Era of Poverty with Added Vitamins
- 14. Malawi’s Problem in 2000 • Life expectancy : 46 years old • HIV/AID Prevalence: 14% • Child malnutrition (stunting): 50% • GDP/Capita: $150
- 15. Soils, Food and Healthy Communities Project, Malawi
- 16. Source: Raj Patel, Rachel Bezner Kerr, Lizzie Shumba, Laifolo Dakishoni. 2015. Cook, Eat, Man, Woman: The New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition, Nutritionism and its Alternatives from Malawi. Journal of Peasant Studies, 42(1)
- 17. Results • Sanitation & Healthcare • Grain Storage • Credit facilities • Climate change enterprise • Child Malnutrition Clinic closes • Cost $8/person/year
- 18. Source: Smith, Lisa C., and Lawrence Haddad. 2015. "Reducing Child Undernutrition: Past Drivers and Priorities for the Post- MDG Era." World Development 68 (0):180-204. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.11.014.
- 19. Food Sovereignty & Agroecology • Everyone is a scientist-entrepreneur-activist- cook • Contributive justice • Peer-to-peer • Joyful and tough • Internalised social and environmental costs • Re-learning the commons • Challenge power and inequality
- 20. Questions • What’s your theory of change? • What happens to corporate power? • What happens to private property? Gandhi on Salt March
- 21. Thank you • RAJPATEL@UTEXAS.EDU • @_RAJPATEL
Editor's Notes
- On fields like those on the right, it’s possible to imagine machines, various bits of agricultural tech, and note that they’re surrounded by fences and hedgerows. In order, in other words, for modern agricultural technologies to flourish, you need the social technologies that started in early modern England, and spread around the world. Need private property. You need workers who have no means of surviving other than by selling their labour.\
- Duncan Pollard from Nestle mentioned that in looking at their own true cost accounting, they’re scared to release the numnbers. The food system’s business model is all about externalities, at numbers that – Duncan said – trended high above profits $15 billion, and towards revenues. Nestle’s revenues last year were just a little less than $100 billion.
- Public Private Partnerships Raj Shah “We are never going to end hunger in Africa without private investment. There are things that only companies can do, like building silos for storage and developing seeds and fertilizers.” May 2012. Focused goal 50 million people ‘lifted from poverty by 2020’ Clear mechanisms Mobilizing private capital Taking innovation to scale Managing risk
- Alliance One Tobacco (Malawi) Limited, a supplier to the global tobacco industry, has outlined specific plans which, in addition to growing more tobacco, includes in its seven-year plan: ‘to harvest 300,000 metric tonnes of maize (currently 36,000 metric tonnes), 145,000 metric tonnes of soya (currently 1,600 metric tonnes), 40,000 metric tonnes of flue-cured tobacco (currently 6,800 metric tonnes), and 90,000 metric tonnes of burley tobacco (currently 50,000 metric tonnes). This will require an increase in related employment from 71,000 (current) to 181,000 (end-state) as well as an increase in land utilized in production from 61,000 hectares (current) to 181,000 hectares (end-state)’ (New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition 2013, 21). Although ostensibly different, the Malawian public and private sectors have increasingly found themselves intertwined. The Cashgate scandal that ended the administration of President Joyce Banda (unrelated to Hastings Banda) saw the country defrauded of 1% of its GDP - US$32 million - through government contracts with private sector firms for which no services were provided, or for which costs were inflated (Economist 2014). Although ostensibly different, the Malawian public and private sectors have increasingly found themselves intertwined. The Cashgate scandal that ended the administration of President Joyce Banda (unrelated to Hastings Banda) saw the country defrauded of 1% of its GDP - US$32 million - through government contracts with private sector firms for which no services were provided, or for which costs were inflated (Economist 2014).
- By 2012, more than 6,000 farmers were participating in the effort, and since most farmers support a family of five, some 30,000 people were affected, rivaling the Mwandama project in size. The similarities stop there, however. SFHC works on a frac- tion of the Millennium Villages budget (from 2000 to 2012, SFHC spent about $8 ($10 Canadian) per person per year, compared to $160 per person in the Millennium Villages Project)