1. GEETANJALI INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL STUDIES
(Affiliated to Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, Rajasthan)
2. * The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is the
space agency of the government of INDIA .
* Its vision is to "harness space technology for national
development", while pursuing space science research
and
planetary exploration.
•ISRO lanched many space satlites since it's formation .
* Now ISRO is not only an official representative of Indian
space program , it becomes a leader of global satellite
market with much reliability
3. Owner:- Department of Space
Government of India
Established:- 15 August 1969
Headquarters:- Bangalore, Karnataka
India Primary
Spaceport :_ Satish Dhawan Space
Centre, Sriharikota, Andhra
Pradesh, India
Objective:- Space technology in the Service
of humankind.
Administrator:- Dr. K. Sivan, Secretary(Space)
and Chairman,
ISRO Budget:- 9,094 core (US$1.4 billion)
(2017–18 est.)
Website:- isro.gov.in
6. Dr Vikram Sarabhai12 August 1919 -- 30 December 1971
He led the Sarabhai family's diverse business
conglomerate. His interests varied from science
to sports to statistics. He set up Operations
Research Group (ORG), the first market
research
organization in the country. Most notable among
them are the Nehru Foundation for
Development in Ahmadabad and the Indian
Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA),One of the greatest achievements of Vikram Sarabhai was the development of Indian
Space Research Organization (ISRO). It was due to his efforts that this space
organization came into being. He wholeheartedly plunged into developing the Space
Programs of India. He was not an ordinary scientist interested in just development of
rockets and space programs instead was the man who was inclined to use all the aspects
of science and technology as 'levers of development'.
7. It was while working under Dr. Vikram
Sarabhai, otherwise known as the
Father Of The Indian Space Program,
and ultimately joining ISRO in 1969
that he is said to have “found himself.”
Here, he quickly saw both successes,
scientific stimulation and more when
he joined as the project director of
India’s first Satellite Launch Vehicle
(SLV-I) which successfully deployed
the Rohini satellite in near-earth
near-earth orbit in July 1980. Even as part of the DRDO, Kalam had already begun
work on an expandable rocket project but now, as a part of ISRO, he was able
to push for government approval and include more engineers for the project.
Between 1969 and and 1990, it would hardly be conjecture to conclude that Kalam
was hugely responsible for the massive evolution of ISRO’s launch vehicle programme,
particularly the PSLV or polarised satellite launch vehicle.
8. In order to achieve high accuracy in placing satellites into their orbits, a combination of
accuracy, efficiency, power and immaculate planning are required. ISRO's Launch Vehicle
Programme spans numerous centres and employs over 5,000 people. Vikram Sarabhai
Space Centre, located in Thiruvananthapuram, is responsible for the design and
development of launch vehicles. Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre and ISRO Propulsion
Complex, located at Valiamala and Mahendragiri respectively, develop the liquid and
cryogenic stages for these launch vehicles. Satish Dhawan Space Centre, SHAR, is the
space port of India and is responsible for integration of launchers. It houses two
operational launch pads from where all GSLV and PSLV flights take place.
9. Satellite Launching Vehicles (SLV’s) By ISRO The Satellite Launch Vehicle
or SLV was a project started in the early 1970s by Indian Space Research
Organisation to develop the technology needed to launch satellites. The
project was headed by APJ Abdul Kalam
10. The Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) Programme was designed to augment the
payload capacity to 150 kg, thrice that of SLV-3, for Low Earth Orbits (LEO). While building
upon the experience gained from the SLV-3 missions, ASLV proved to be a low cost
intermediate vehicle to demonstrate and validate critical technologies, that would be
needed for the future launch vehicles like strap-on technology, inertial navigation, bulbous
heat shield, vertical integration and closed loop guidance.
11. Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is the third
generation launch vehicle of India. It is the first
Indian launch vehicle to be equipped with liquid
stages. After its first successful launch in October
1994, PSLV emerged as the reliable and versatile
workhorse launch vehicle of India with 39
consecutively successful missions by June 2017.
During 1994-2017 period, the vehicle has launched
48 Indian satellites and 209 satellites for customers
from abroad.
Besides, the vehicle successfully launched two
spacecraft – Chandrayaan-1 in 2008 and Mars
Orbiter Spacecraft in 2013 – that later traveled to
Moon and Mars respectively
12. Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
Mark II (GSLV Mk II) is the largest launch
vehicle developed by India, which is
currently in operation. This fourth
generation launch vehicle is a three stage
vehicle with four liquid strap-ons. The
indigenously developed cryogenic Upper
Stage (CUS), which is flight proven, forms
the third stage of GSLV Mk II. From
January 2014, the vehicle has achieved
four consecutive successes.
13.
14. Satellites By ISRO India has launched 104 Indian satellites
(as of 13 January 2018) of many types since its first attempt in 1975.
95 Spacecraft
Missions
65 Launch
Missions
9
StudentSatellites
2 Re-entry
Missions
237 Foreign
Satellites***
*** of 28
Countries
15. Aryabhata, first unmanned Earth satellite
built by India. It was named for a prominent
Indian astronomer and mathematician of the
5th century CE. The satellite was assembled at
Peenya, near Bangalore, but was launched from
within the Soviet Union by a Russian-made
rocket on April 19, 1975. Aryabhata weighed 794
pounds (360 kilograms) and was instrumented
to explore conditions in the Earth’s ionosphere,
measure neutrons and gamma rays from
the Sun, and perform investigations in
X-ray astronomy. The scientific instruments
had to be switched off during the fifth day
in orbit because of a failure in the satellite’s
electrical power system. Useful information, nevertheless, was collected during
the five days of operation.
16. Insat (Indian National Satellite
System) was a multipurpose satellite
system for telecommunications,
broadcasting, meteorology and
search and rescue services.
Commissioned in 1983, Insat was
the largest domestic communication
system in the Asia-Pacific Region, and was a joint venture of the Indian
Department of Space (DOS), Department of Telecommunications, India
Meteorological Department, All India Radio and Doordarshan. Also
carried transponders for domestic communications. Operational multipurpose
satellite for telecommunications, meteorological, imaging and data relay,
radio and television programme distribution and direct television broadcasting
for community reception.
17. An object which has been placed into
orbit by human endeavour. Also
known as artificial satellite Remote
sensing : the acquisition of information
about an object or phenomenon, without
making physical contact with the object.
Indian Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) are
a series of Earth Observation satellites,
built, launched and maintained by Indian
Space Research Organisation. There are 3 types of resolutions are present
•Spatial resolution: describes the distance between distinguishable patterns or objects in
an image that can be separated from each other and is often expressed in meters.
•Spectral resolution: the sensitivity of a sensor to respond to a specific frequency range.
The frequency ranges covered often include not only visible light but also non-visible l
ight and electromagnetic radiation.. •Radiometric resolution: the ability of the sensor to
measure the signal strength (acoustic reflectance) or brightness of objects. The more
sensitive a sensor is to the reflectance of an object as compared to its surroundings, the
smaller an object that can be detected and identified.
18. India’s space program took a giant
leap on 24 april 2012 morning at 5.47
a.m. (IST) with the successful launch
of the country’s heaviest remote sensing
satellite, RISAT-1, weighing 1,858 kg.
Images on TV showed that the rocket pierced
the clear blue sky over the spaceport as it
lifted off with a thunderous roar, and 17
minutes later the satellite successfully s
eparated from the rocket, setting off a
loud round of applause from the scientists
and engineers in the mission control room.
RISAT-1 is expected to operate in orbit for five years, making approximately fourteen
orbits every day with a ground track which will repeat every 25 days. Its twin solar
arrays are expected to provide around 2.2 kilowatts of power to the spacecraft’s systems
; the spacecraft is also equipped with a 70 amp-hour nickel-hydrogen battery which
the solar arrays will charge.
19. In 2014, ISRO launched its
Mars Orbiter Mission, or MOM,
called the Mangalayan.
The purpose of the launch was
to collect further information about
the red planet. The launch made
headlines for a number of reasons:
India became only the fourth country
to successfully reach Mars, after the Soviet
Union, NASA, and European Space program.
This was also the first mission to successfully reach Mars
at the very first attempt, and at a 450 crore budget, the most inexpensive
Mars mission so far.
20. This is the highest number of satellites
ever launched in a single mission.
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
PSLV-C37 blasted off at 9.28 am
from the first launch pad at the
Satish Dhawan Space Centre and
first injected Cartosat-2 series satellite
into orbit followed by the other 103 nano
satellites, including 96 from the US, in a
gap of about 30 minutes. As the scientists at the Mission Control centre broke
into cheers, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman A S Kiran
Kumar announced: “All 104 satellites successfully placed in orbit. My hearty
congratulations to the entire ISRO team for the wonderful job they have done.”
Earlier, the Russian Space Agency had launched 37 satellites in one go.
ISRO had earlier launched 23 satellites in a single mission in June 2015.
21. In 2008, India launched its
unmanned lunar probe, aptly
named the Chandrayan,
making India one of the only 8
countries to have successfully sent
an orbiter to the moon. The
mission was aimed at garnering
more information about the
topography and climate of the
moon. The Indian flag hoisted on
the moon surely made every Indian
heart swell with joy. Sadly, ISRO lost contact
with the orbit, but it is still considered one
of their greatest achievements yet
22. ISRO is currently working on sending a
probe to Venus, which will take off
sometime around 2021-22. The agency
is being noticed by the bigshots of the
space-faring universe, with Russia
awarding ISRO 14 million dollars for
the study of manned missions, NASA
wishing to communicate with India’s
satellites, and France expressing interest
in collaborating with India on ISRO’s next Mars mission.India’s achievements at its
space program successfully rub the collective nose of the skeptics who feel that a
country still suffering from economic and population problems should not indulge
in the luxury of a space program. As eminent scientist, former President, and
helmsman of the ISRO A.P.J. Abdul Kalam noted, it is myopic to look at a space
program as a luxury, since this is an important achievement to be made if a country
is to be reckoned with in international circuits, and a space program is ultimately
meant for the development of the nation and its people
23. As an observational satellite, Cartosat
will beam high-quality images for
cartographic, urban and rural
applications, coastal land use and
regulation and utility management like
road network monitoring. The Indian
Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
said it was “back in the game” with the
launch, the first Polar Satellite Launch
Vehicle (PSLV) mission after the
unsuccessful launch of the navigation
satellite IRNSS-1H in August last.
24.
25. Chandrayaan-2 is India's second lunar exploration mission after
Chandrayaan-1. Developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation
(ISRO), the mission is planned to be launched to the Moon by a Geosynchronous
Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV Mk II). It includes a lunar orbiter, lender and
rover, all developed by India. The ISRO is planning to launch Chandrayaan-2 in March
2018.According to ISRO, this mission will use and test various new technologies
and conduct new experiments. The wheeled rover will move on the lunar s
surface and will perform on-site chemical analysis. The data will be relayed to Earth
through the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter
26. The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar, will provide an unprecedented detailed
view of Earth by using advanced radar imaging. It is designed to observe and take
measurements of some of the planet's most complex processes, including ecosystem
disturbances, ice-sheet collapse, and natural hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis,
volcanoes and landslides.Under the terms of the agreement, NASA will provide the
mission's L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR), a high-rate communication subsystem
for science data, GPS receivers, a solid state recorder, and a payload data subsystem.
ISRO will provide the satellite bus, an S-band synthetic aperture radar, the launch
vehicle and associated launch services. Data collected from NISAR will reveal
information about the evolution and state of Earth's crust, help scientists better
understand our planet's processes and changing climate, and aid future resource and
hazard management. The mission is a partnership between NASA and ISRO.The
satellite
design will make use of a large deployable mesh antenna and will operate on dual L
band and S band. The 12-meter aperture mesh reflector will be supplied by Astro
Aerospace, a Northrop Grumman company. The satellite will be launched from India
aboard an Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle. The satellite will be 3-axis
stabilised
and is planned to be launched into a Sun-synchronous dawn to dusk orbit with a
missionlife of 3 years.The project has passed the first stage of the design validation
27. ASTROSAT was transported to the country’s
spaceport at Satish Dawan Space Centre
(SDSC), Sriharikota, using a specially
designed Satellite Transportation System
(STS). Team ISAC, apart from its responsibility
in realising the state-of-the-art satellites,
has been designing and developing world
class STSs, Mechanical Ground Support
Equipment (MGSE) and Mass Property
Machines in-house and continuously
striving to make them in India, tapping
the potentials of Indian industry and realise them at remarkably competitive cost
indigenously. Here comes a brief story of satellite transportation, narrating about
systems in place that make the successful shipment of satellites within India and
abroad.
28. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. Indeed Incredible India!
In 1963 Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) launched its first rocket from
Thumba Equatorial Launching Station. The station had a single launch pad in the
midst of coconut plantations. A local Catholic Church the St Mary Magadelene's
Church served as the main office for the scientists. The bishop's house was converted
into a workshop. A Cattle shed became the laboratory in which young Indian
scientists like Abdul Kalam Azad worked and the rocket was transported to lift-off
pad ON A BICYCLE. The second rocket, which was launched sometime later, was a
little bigger and heavier and it was transported in a bullock cart for the lift off.
Over the next 12 years, India built and launched more than 350 sounding rockets
29.
30. * Established in 1969, ISRO has been a source of pride for India.
*It has not only bagged achievement which others countries are yet to, it has also put
India on the world map of space missions.
*PSLV-C40
ISRO achieved a major milestone by launching its 100th satellite Cartosat-2 along with
30 others in a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle last Friday.
31. Communication satellites
Within a span of 2 months, ISRO launched 3 communication satellites in 2017.
At present, there are a total of 17 communication satellites in space.
1 mission, 104 satellites
Breaking the record of Russia, ISRO last year in February launched 104 satellites
in a single mission. They broke the record of 27 satellites held by Russia.