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LITERARY
CRITICISM
FROM POPE TO T.S.ELIOT
Alexander Pope
• An Essay on Criticism
• PERI BATHOS
ESSAY ON CRITICISM
• Composed in heroic couplets
• "To err is human, to forgive divine,"
• "A little learning is a dang'rous thing”
• "Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.
• Thesis, antithesis, synthesis
Bad Critics
• bad criticism - greater harm
• Failed poets > critics
• “Know thyself”
• Critic has no taste
• “Nature” and “Wit”
• “Copy the nature is to copy the classists”
• Virgil, Homer, Aristotle, Horace and Longinus.
How to avoid it?
• Read the whole -
• Conceit
• Caring for language n/o subject
• Rhyme is boring (sleep)
• Author based
• Class based
• Often Change of mind -
• Religious and political
• Aristotle, quintellien , Horace, longinuous.
• “Some praise at morning what they blame at night,
But always think the last opinion right.”
• “A little learning is a dangerous thing;
Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring.”
Bad Poets
• Pride
• Little knowledge
• Fearlessness
Peri Bathous,
Or the Art of Sinking in Poetry
• parody of Longinus’
• Peri Hupsous
• Depth
Preface to Lyrical Ballads
• ‘incidents and situations from common life….’
• Diction
• ‘gaudiness and inane phraseology’ and the ‘vague, glossy and
unfeeling language’
• Poetry vs Prose
• Metre
• “additional source of pleasure”
• Who is a poet?
• Poetry?
• “Poetry is the breath and finer spirit of all knowledge…”
• Function of poetry?
• four stages through which poetic composition
• a) observation,
• b) recollection,
• c) contemplation,
• d) imaginative excitement of the emotions
Biographia Literaria
• Chapter 13 – Imaginatio vs Fanci
• Primary Imagination –
• “the living power and prime agent of all human perception”
• Involuntarily
• Secondary Imagination
• . “echo” of former
• voluntary
• “Dissolves, diffuses, dissipates inorder tyo recreate” - Synthetic
Fancy
• only combines different things
• “bringing together images dissimilar in the main, by source”
• “mechanical”
• Technical Part
• NEGATIVE CAPABILITY
• EGOISTICAL SUBLIME
Poem and Poetry (14)
• Poem = prose
• Prose + metre = Poem
• Poetry??
poetry and poetic diction
• Micheal, ruth, mad mother, brothger –
• Aristotle – commom character –
• rustrict purified language
• Rustric life is narrow - real vs ordinary
Criticism of WW’s ideas by Coleridge
• selected and purified ???
• Real man???
• Meter? Why not diction?
• Scientific
A Defence of Poetry
• Thomas Love Peacock
• "The Four Ages of Poetry“
• “poetry has become valueless and redundant”
• To Peacock Shelley wrote:
• Your anathemas against poetry itself excited me to a sacred rage.
. . . I had the greatest possible desire to break a lance with you ...
in honour of my mistress Urania.
Why are Poets indestructible???
• "poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world".
• dual role of legislator and prophet
• Reason (body) and Imagination (spirit)
• The Language of a Poet??
• Poets and Philosophers
• “Poetry is a mirror which makes beautiful that which is
distorted”
• Function of poetry??
• Wisom and Delight
• degradation of poetry during the period of Charles ll
• “A great Poem is a fountain for ever overflowing with the waters
of wisdom and delight”
Matthew Arnold
• Essays in Criticism
• The Function of criticism at the Present Time
• The study of Poetry
• Culture and Anarchy
Culture and Anarchy
• "Culture [...] is a study of perfection".
• "[Culture] seeks to do away with classes; make all men live in
an atmosphere of sweetness and light .”
•Hellenism
•Hebraism
• The barbarian
•Philistans (Aphuia)
•Populace
Essays in Criticism – Study of poetry
• Charlatanism
• “Criticism of Life”
• The Study of Poetry: on Chaucer
• The Study of Poetry: on the age of Dryden
• Gary
• The Study of Poetry: on Burns
• Arnold on Shakespeare – “England there needs a miracle of genius
like Shakespeare's”
Function of criticism in PD
• well-known touchstone
• 3 charges
T.S.ELIOT
• “The Function of Criticism”
• Romantic critic Middleton Murrey
• English as a nation of romantics
• French are naturally classical.
• impressionistic criticism
• Arnold’s creative vs critical
Tradition and the Individual
• concept of tradition
• theory of the impersonality of poetry
• “Past should be altered by present as much as the present is directed by
past.”
• Praising for Individual talent?
• Influence?
• historical sense vs Slavish imitation
• poet to a catalyst -
• Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion but an escape from emotion

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Literary criticism 2

  • 2. Alexander Pope • An Essay on Criticism • PERI BATHOS
  • 3. ESSAY ON CRITICISM • Composed in heroic couplets • "To err is human, to forgive divine," • "A little learning is a dang'rous thing” • "Fools rush in where angels fear to tread. • Thesis, antithesis, synthesis
  • 4. Bad Critics • bad criticism - greater harm • Failed poets > critics • “Know thyself” • Critic has no taste • “Nature” and “Wit” • “Copy the nature is to copy the classists” • Virgil, Homer, Aristotle, Horace and Longinus.
  • 5. How to avoid it? • Read the whole - • Conceit • Caring for language n/o subject • Rhyme is boring (sleep) • Author based • Class based • Often Change of mind - • Religious and political
  • 6. • Aristotle, quintellien , Horace, longinuous. • “Some praise at morning what they blame at night, But always think the last opinion right.” • “A little learning is a dangerous thing; Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring.”
  • 7. Bad Poets • Pride • Little knowledge • Fearlessness
  • 8. Peri Bathous, Or the Art of Sinking in Poetry • parody of Longinus’ • Peri Hupsous • Depth
  • 9. Preface to Lyrical Ballads • ‘incidents and situations from common life….’ • Diction • ‘gaudiness and inane phraseology’ and the ‘vague, glossy and unfeeling language’ • Poetry vs Prose • Metre • “additional source of pleasure” • Who is a poet?
  • 10. • Poetry? • “Poetry is the breath and finer spirit of all knowledge…” • Function of poetry? • four stages through which poetic composition • a) observation, • b) recollection, • c) contemplation, • d) imaginative excitement of the emotions
  • 11. Biographia Literaria • Chapter 13 – Imaginatio vs Fanci • Primary Imagination – • “the living power and prime agent of all human perception” • Involuntarily • Secondary Imagination • . “echo” of former • voluntary • “Dissolves, diffuses, dissipates inorder tyo recreate” - Synthetic
  • 12. Fancy • only combines different things • “bringing together images dissimilar in the main, by source” • “mechanical” • Technical Part • NEGATIVE CAPABILITY • EGOISTICAL SUBLIME
  • 13. Poem and Poetry (14) • Poem = prose • Prose + metre = Poem • Poetry??
  • 14. poetry and poetic diction • Micheal, ruth, mad mother, brothger – • Aristotle – commom character – • rustrict purified language • Rustric life is narrow - real vs ordinary
  • 15. Criticism of WW’s ideas by Coleridge • selected and purified ??? • Real man??? • Meter? Why not diction? • Scientific
  • 16. A Defence of Poetry • Thomas Love Peacock • "The Four Ages of Poetry“ • “poetry has become valueless and redundant” • To Peacock Shelley wrote: • Your anathemas against poetry itself excited me to a sacred rage. . . . I had the greatest possible desire to break a lance with you ... in honour of my mistress Urania.
  • 17. Why are Poets indestructible??? • "poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world". • dual role of legislator and prophet • Reason (body) and Imagination (spirit) • The Language of a Poet?? • Poets and Philosophers • “Poetry is a mirror which makes beautiful that which is distorted”
  • 18. • Function of poetry?? • Wisom and Delight • degradation of poetry during the period of Charles ll • “A great Poem is a fountain for ever overflowing with the waters of wisdom and delight”
  • 19. Matthew Arnold • Essays in Criticism • The Function of criticism at the Present Time • The study of Poetry • Culture and Anarchy
  • 20. Culture and Anarchy • "Culture [...] is a study of perfection". • "[Culture] seeks to do away with classes; make all men live in an atmosphere of sweetness and light .” •Hellenism •Hebraism
  • 21. • The barbarian •Philistans (Aphuia) •Populace
  • 22. Essays in Criticism – Study of poetry • Charlatanism • “Criticism of Life” • The Study of Poetry: on Chaucer • The Study of Poetry: on the age of Dryden • Gary • The Study of Poetry: on Burns • Arnold on Shakespeare – “England there needs a miracle of genius like Shakespeare's”
  • 23. Function of criticism in PD • well-known touchstone • 3 charges
  • 24. T.S.ELIOT • “The Function of Criticism” • Romantic critic Middleton Murrey • English as a nation of romantics • French are naturally classical. • impressionistic criticism • Arnold’s creative vs critical
  • 25. Tradition and the Individual • concept of tradition • theory of the impersonality of poetry • “Past should be altered by present as much as the present is directed by past.” • Praising for Individual talent? • Influence? • historical sense vs Slavish imitation • poet to a catalyst - • Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion but an escape from emotion