SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  19
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
(VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH


                         ,QWURGXFFLyQDOD5REyWLFD


3DUD FUHDU ORV URERWV LQGXVWULDOHV FXR
REMHWLYR SULQFLSDO HV HO GH PDQLSXODU
REMHWRVWUDVODGDUORVGHVLWLRVFDPELDUORVGH
SRVLFLyQ HWF  VH WRPR  VH WRPD
FRPR
PRGHORODPDQRKXPDQDSXHVWRTXHHVWHHV
HO VLVWHPD PiV SHUIHFWR TXH VH FRQRFH SDUD
DVLUOHYDQWDUPRYHURSHUDUFRQREMHWRV

/D PDQR SRVHH  JUDGRV GH OLEHUWDG OD
PXxHFD HV FDSD] GH UHDOL]DU VHLV
PRYLPLHQWR GLIHUHQWHV H LQGHSHQGLHQWHV
DGHPiV WLHQH VHQVRUHV GH IXHU]D                8QDGHODVDSOLFDFLRQHVPiVQRWDEOHVGHODUREyWLFDHVFRQVWUXLU

WHPSHUDWXUDSUHVLyQHWFFRQVLVWHPDV
                                                     YHKtFXORVGHH[SORUDFLyQHVSDFLDOHLQWHUSODQHWDULDDGRQGHHO
                                                     KRPEUHWRGDYtDWLHQHPXOLPLWDGDVXSUHVHQFLD



LQWHUFRQHFWDGRV GH VXE  FRQWURO 6XV SRVLELOLGDGHV GH VXMHFLyQ GH REMHWRV VRQ PX
QRWDEOHVH[WHULRUHVLQWHULRUHVFROJDQGRSRUUR]DPLHQWRHWF

8QDSULPHUDGHILQLFLyQ

6LQHPEDUJRDXQTXHSXGLHUDORJUDUVHXQDUHSURGXFFLyQFLEHUQpWLFDGHODPDQR HVWDSRUVL
VRODQRVHULDFDWDORJDGDFRPRURERWVSXHVSDUDHOORGHEHUtDYHULILFDUODGHILQLFLyQDGRSWDGD
SRU HO LQVWLWXWR QRUWHDPHULFDQR GH UREyWLFD DFHSWDGD LQWHUQDFLRQDOPHQWH PDQLSXODGRU
PXOWLIXQFLRQDO  UHSURJUDPDEOH GLVHxDGR SDUD PRYHU PDWHULDOHV SLH]DV KHUUDPLHQWDV R
GLVSRVLWLYRV HVSHFLDOHV PHGLDQWH PRYLPLHQWRV SURJUDPDEOHV  YDULDEOHV TXH SHUPLWDQ
OOHYDUDFDERGLYHUVDVWDUHDV

(VWD GHILQLFLyQ HV OR EDVWDQWH FRPSOHWD FRPR SHUPLWLUQRV QRWDU TXH SDUD FRQVHJXLUOR HV
SUHFLVRDXQDUHQHOPLVPRHVIXHU]RYDULDVGLVFLSOLQDVFRQFOXHQWHVSHURGLVWLQWDVFRPRVRQ
OD PHFiQLFD OD DXWRPiWLFD OD HOHFWUyQLFD  OD LQIRUPiWLFD 3RU VL VROD QLQJXQD GH HOODV
FRQVHJXLUtDSRQHUHQPDUFKDXQURERWGLJQRGHWDOQRPEUH

/RV URERWV DFWXDOHV GH XVR PiV FRUULHQWH WDQWR ORV LQGXVWULDOHV FRPR ORV HGXFDWLYRV
FXPSOHQ HVWH REMHWLYR PHGLDQWH XQ GLVSRVLWLYR FRQVWLWXLGR SRU XQ EUD]R FRQ GRV R WUHV
DUWLFXODFLRQHV D FXRH[WUHPR VH DFRSOD HO PDQLSXODGRUJHQHUDOPHQWHFRQWUHVJUDGRV GH
OLEHUWDG WRGR HOOR PRQWDGR VREUH XQD EDVH TXH SXHGH VHU ILMD R PyYLO 'DGR HO FDUiFWHU
LQKHUHQWH GH DXWRPiWLFR XQ URERW GHEHVHUFDSD]GHUHDOL]DUSRUVLPLVPRORVREMHWLYRVD
PDQLSXODUVXMHWDUORVFRQODSUHVLyQUHTXHULGDYROYHUDGHSRVLWDUORVFRQHOGHELGRUHVSHWR
HQHOVLWLRGLVSRQLEOH




,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
(VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH

7RGRHOORVHFRQVLJXHFRQHOXVRGHVHQVRUHVDGHFXDGRVTXHSHUPLWDQDOVLVWHPDVDEHUHQ
WRGR PRPHQWR GRQGH HVWD OD PDQR GRQGH  FRPR HVWD OD SLH]D D PDQLSXODU FXDO HV OD
SUHVLyQHMHUFLGDVREUHODPLVPDYHORFLGDGGHWUDVODFLyQUHODWLYDHWFDGHPiV

RQWURODUWRGRVHVWRVSDUiPHWURVFRQWLQXDPHQWHRFRQ
HOWLHPSRGHUHVROXFLyQQRWDEOH3RUHOORHORUGHQDGRU
IRUPDSDUWHLQWHJUDQWHGHORVURERWVLQGXVWULDOHVGHVGH
VX QDFLPLHQWR  VL HQ XQ SULQFLSLR HVWDV PDTXLQDV
HUDQH[FHVLYDPHQWHYROXPLQRVDVFRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWH
FDUDV VH GHEtD D HVWH KHFKR $FWXDOPHQWH  FRQ OD
DXGD GHO PLFURSURFHVDGRU KD VXUJLGR XQD VHJXQGD
JHQHUDFLyQ GH URERWV LQWHOLJHQWHV TXH VH FDUDFWHUL]DQ
SRUVHUFDSDFHVGHUHODFLRQDUVHFRQHOHQWRUQRWRPDU
GHFLVLRQHVHQWLHPSRUHDO




9LVLyQJOREDOGHXQURERWGHXOWLPDJHQHUDFLyQMDSRQpVFDSD]GHVXELUHVFDOHUDV
KDFHUYDULRVPRYLPLHQWRVFRPSOHMRV(VWHMXQWRFRQXQSHUURURERWKDQ
VRUSUHQGLGRDOPXQGRHQHOSULPHUVHPHVWUHGH




$XGDVHQHOGHVDUUROORGHODUREyWLFD

3HURQRHVVRODPHQWHODFDSDFLGDGGHLQWHJUDFLyQGHFLUFXLWRVHOHFWUyQLFRVOD~QLFDYDULDEOH
GH LPSRUWDFLyQ HQ HO HVSHFWDFXODU GHVDUUROOR GH OD UREyWLFDDTXHHOGHVDUUROORFLHQWtILFR
HQRWUDVGLVFLSOLQDVKDDSRUWDGRWDPELpQVXGHFLVLYRJUDQRGHDUHQDHO

                                                                                     FRQRFLPLHQWR GH ORV PDWHULDOHV
                                                                                     KDSRGLGRGLVSRQHUGHHOHPHQWRV
                                                                                     PDV DGHFXDGRV ORV DFWXDGRUHV
                                                                                     VRQ PiV SHTXHxRV SRWHQWHV 
                                                                                     SUHFLVRVORVVHQVRUHVVRQPXFKR
                                                                                     PiV H[DFWRV ORV PHGLRV GH
                                                                                     FRPXQLFDFLyQ PiV ILDEOHV ORV
                                                                                     PpWRGRV GH IDEULFDFLyQ PDV
                                                                                     VHJXURV VXV HVWUXFWXUDV PDV
                                                                                     FRPSOHWDV  OD SURJUDPDFLyQ HV
                                                                                     PiVVHQFLOODHILFD]
                                                                                     6LVWHPDPHFiQLFRGHXQURERWHVODSDUWHH[WHULRU
                                                                                     PiVYLVLEOHGHOFRQMXQWRSHURVRODPHQWHHVXQD
                                                                                     GHODVSDUWHVFRQVWLWXWLYDVGHODPiTXLQDFRPR
                                                                                     SRGHPRVREVHUYDUHQHVWHHVTXHPD




,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
(VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH


(VWUXFWXUDGHXQURERW

(QWRGRVORVVLVWHPDVDXWRPiWLFRVGHPDQLSXODFLyQGHSLH]DVXREMHWRVSRGHPRVGLVWLQJXLU
WUHVSDUWHVHVWUXFWXUDOHVELHQGHILQLGDVTXHSDVDPRVDHVSHFLILFDUEUHYHPHQWH

/D SULPHUD HV OD PDTXLQD SURSLDPHQWH GLFKD HV GHFLU WRGR HO VLVWHPD PHFiQLFR TXH OD
FRQVWLWXHHQODFXDOGHEHPRVLQFOXLUORVPRWRUHVRDFWXDGRUHVHOVLVWHPDGHDJDUUHR
VXMHFLyQGHSLH]DV

/RV VHQVRUHV GH IXHU]D GH YLVLyQ  GH VRQLGR VRQ HQ
WpUPLQRV JHQpULFRV GHWHFWRUHV QHFHVDULRV SDUD TXH OD
PiTXLQD WHQJD FRQRFLPLHQWR H[DFWR GH WRGRV ORV
SDUiPHWURVTXHQHFHVLWDSDUDXQDFRUUHFWDDFWXDFLyQ

(O VLVWHPD GH FRQWURO  HO OHQJXDMH GH SURJUDPDFLyQ
FRQIRUPDQ OD VHFFLyQ GH WRPD DXWRPiWLFD GH GHFLVLRQHV
TXHLQFOXHODSODQLILFDFLyQHOFRQWUROGHPRYLPLHQWRV
ODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHORVGDWRVDSRUWDGRVSRUORVVHQVRUHV

/DSURJUDPDFLyQGHXQURERWGHEHVHUVHQFLOOD SDUDHOOR
VH HPSOHDQ EiVLFDPHQWH GRV PpWRGRV HO DSUHQGL]DMH
PDQXDO HQ HO FXDO HO URERW UHSLWH ORV PRYLPLHQWRV
HIHFWXDGRV GLUHFWDPHQWH SRU XQD PDQR PDHVWUD  ORV
JUDED HQ XQD PHPRULD ELHQ GH PDVD ELHQ GH HVWDGR       (VQRUPDOHQFRQWUDUURERWVFRQVHLVRPiV
VyOLGR UHSLWLpQGRORV D FRQWLQXDFLyQ  SURJUDPDFLyQ         JUDGRVGHOLEHUWDGWUHVSDUDFRQWURODUOD

PHGLDQWHHOXVRGHXQOHQJXDMHGHDOWRQLYHOSDUDORTXH
                                                                   SRVLFLyQHQHOHVSDFLRGHOPDQLSXODGRU
                                                                   DGHPiVGHOFRQWUROGHDSHUWXUDGHODSLQ]D



H[LVWHQDFWXDOPHQWHQXPHURVRVOHQJXDMHVFUHDGRVHVSHFtILFDPHQWHSDUDHOFRQWUROGHURERW
DXQTXH WDPELpQ SXHGHQ HQSOHDUVH VLVWHPDV PL[WRV (O VLVWHPD GH FRRUGHQDGDV HPSOHDGR
SDUD HO FRQWURO GHSHQGH GHO WLSR GH HVWUXFWXUD PHFiQLFD DGRSWDGD HQ OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ GHO
PLVPRWDPELpQLQIOXHHOWLSRGHPRYLPLHQWRRGHVSOD]DPLHQWRTXHGHEDUHDOL]DU

/DSUHFLVLyQPtQLPDDFHSWDEOHSDUDXQURERWHQPRYLPLHQWRVUHVSHFWLYRVVHKDILMDGRHQ
PPDXQTXHDYHFHVUHVXOWHH[FHVLYDGHSHQGLHQGRGHOWLSRGHREMHWRVDPDQLSXODUFRPR
SRUHMHPSORODFDUJDGHVDFRVHQXQFDPLyQ3HURWDPELpQH[LVWHQHQHOFRPHUFLRURERWVGH
XQDSUHFLVLyQUHSHWLWLYDGHPP

                       RPSRQHQWHVGHORVURERWV
3UHVFLQGLUHPRV GH OD GHVFULSFLyQ GH ORV FRPSRQHQWHV PHFiQLFRV FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH D OD
HVWUXFWXUD GH OD PiTXLQD WDOHV FRPR HO KRPEUR HO EUD]R ODV DUWLFXODFLRQHV HWF  QRV
GHWHQGUHPRVPXEUHYHPHQWHHQORVDFWXDGRUHVKLGUiXOLFRVQHXPiWLFRV

6H GHQRPLQD DFWXDGRU D WRGR HOHPHQWR PRWUL] HV GHFLU JHQHUDGRU GH PRYLPLHQWR VLQ
FRQVLGHUDUFXDOVHDODWHFQRORJtDHPSOHDGDSDUDSURGXFLUORRODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHOPLVPR


,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
(VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH

/D HOHFFLyQ VH UHDOL]DUi WHQLHQGR HQ FXHQWD ODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH OD PiTXLQD HQ RUGHQ D
FDSDFLGDGGHFDUJD YHORFLGDGIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHODSUHFLVLyQGHPRYLPLHQWRVUHSHWLWLYRV
R UHSHWLYLOLGDG HV PX LPSRUWDQWH DXQTXH HVWD FXDOLGDG VH FRQVLJXH FRQ DXGD GH RWURV
FRPSRQHQWHV

$FWXDGRUHVKLGUiXOLFRVQHXPiWLFRV

(VWH WLSR GH DFWXDGRUHV QR GLILHUHQ GH ORV GHPiV HOHPHQWRV PRWULFHV GH VLPLODUHV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVQRUPDOPHQWHHPSOHDGRVHQODLQGXVWULD

/RVKLGUiXOLFRVSRVHHQFRPRSULQFLSDOYHQWDMDXQDQRWDEOHFDSDFLGDGGHFDUJDQRLJXDODGD
SRUQLQJ~QRWURVLVWHPDPRWUL]FDSDFHVGHREWHQHUXQDEXHQDSUHFLVLyQFRQXQDYHORFLGDG
PiV TXH DFHSWDEOH JR]DQGR DGHPiV GH OD YHQWDMD GH SRVHHU XQ PRYLPLHQWR OLQHDO FRPR
HIHFWRGHODLQFRPSUHQVLELOLGDGGHODFHLWH

/RV DFWXDGRUHV QHXPiWLFRV VRQ PX UiSLGRV SHUR VX FRQWURO SUHVHQWD ORV SUREOHPDV
LQKHUHQWHVGHODFRPSUHVLELOLGDGGHOIOXLGRPRWUL]JDVSRUORWDQWRORVPRYLPLHQWRVQR
VRQOLQHDOHV

/DSULQFLSDOGHVYHQWDMDGHHVWRVDFWXDGRUHVUDGLFDHQTXHVLHPSUHGHEHQLUDFRPSDxDGRVGH
VXVSURSLDVIXHQWHGHHQHUJtDORTXHFRQOOHYDODRFXSDFLyQItVLFDGHXQJUDQYROXPHQXQ
LQFUHPHQWRGHORVFRVWRVGHULYDGRVGHHOORGHOWLHPSRDGLFLRQDOQHFHVDULRSDUDHOFiOFXOR
GHpVWRV

$FWXDGRUHVHOpFWULFRV

(Q JHQHUDO ORV DFWXDGRUHV HOpFWULFRV VRQ PRWRUHV GH FRUULHQWH FRQWLQXD SXHVWR TXH
SHUPLWHQ YDULDU VX YHORFLGDG GH JLUR IiFLOPHQWH  FRQ JUDQ HILFLHQFLD DO WLHPSR TXH VH
FDUDFWHUL]DQSRUWHQHUHOHYDGRSDUGHDUUDQTXHVXYHORFLGDGSXHGHUHJXODUVHSDUWLHQGRGH
FHURSUiFWLFDPHQWHHQWRGRHOPDUJHQGHUHYROXFLRQHV/RVFLUFXLWRVGHFRQWUROGHHVWHWLSR
GHPRWRUHVVRQWDPELpQORVKDELWXDOHVHQODLQGXVWULDSRUORTXHVRQPXFRQRFLGRV

3DUD SRWHQFLDV LJXDOHV R PHQRUHV GH XQ FDEDOOR  9
VXHOHQ HPSOHDUVH RWUR WLSR GH
PRWRUHV HOpFWULFRV GHQRPLQDGRV 0RWRUHV SDVR D SDVR TXH VRQ WDPELpQ PRWRUHV GH
FRUULHQWH FRQWLQXD SHUR TXH IXQFLRQDQ SRU SXOVRV FRUUHVSRQGLHQGR D FDGD SXOVR XQ SDVR
GHO JLUR GHO PRWRU JHQHUDOPHQWH GH ƒ OR TXH SHUPLWH FRQRFHU D FDGD LQVWDQWH OD
SRVLFLyQ GHO HMH VLQ QHFHVLGDG GH FRQWURODGRUHV GH UHDOLPHQWDFLyQ H[WHUQRV WDOHV FRPR
GtQDPRV WDFRPpWULFDV X RWURV GLVSRVLWLYRV ySWLFRV R PHFiQLFRV /D UHODFLyQ SDUYHORFLGDG
GH HVWRV PRWRUHV HV WDPELpQ DFHSWDEOH SRU OR TXH VH HPSOHDQ KDELWXDOPHQWH HQ URERW GH
EDMDSRWHQFLDHGXFDWLYRV




,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
(VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH

                                                    /DDOLPHQWDFLyQGHORVPRWRUHVSDVRDSDVRHQPRGRELSRODUVH
                                                    HIHFW~DFRQPXWDQGRODVERERQDVHQHORUGHQDQWHULRUPHQWH
                                                    LQGLFDGRPHGLDQWHHOHPSOHRGHWUDQVLVWRUHVGHFRQPXWDFLyQ
                                                    GLVSXHVWRVVHJ~QVHLQGLFDHQODILJXUD




0RWRUHVSDVRDSDVR

*HQHUDOPHQWH ORV PRWRUHV SDVR D SDVR PDV HPSOHDGRV VRQ ORV KtEULGRV HQ ORV FXDOHV HO
ERELQDGR FRQVWD GH GRV ERELQDV D ODV TXH VH OHV KD H[WUDtGR XQD WRPD LQWHUPHGLD GH
FRUULHQWHFRQHOILQGHDSURYHFKDUtQWHJUDPHQWHHOIOXMRPDJQpWLFRSRUORTXHKDSHVDUGH
VHU UHDOPHQWH PRWRUHV ELIiVLFRV VH OODPDQ GH FXDWUR IDVHV (O IXQFLRQDPLHQWR GH HVWRV
PRWRUHVGHEHUHDOL]DUVHFRQPXWDQGRVLHPSUHODFRUULHQWHHQXQRUGHQGHWHUPLQDGRTXHVH
SXHGHHIHFWXDUGHGRVPDQHUDVSDVRFRPSOHWRRPHGLRSDVRHOSDVRFRPSOHWRUHTXLHUHXQD
VXFHVLyQGHFXDWURFRQPXWDFLRQHVHOSDVRPHGLRGHRFKRFRQPXWDFLRQHVHORUGHQHQTXH
VHHIHFW~DQHVWDVGHWHUPLQDUiHOVHQWLGRGHJLURGHOPRWRU3DUDFRQWURODUXQPRWRUGHHVWH
WLSRVHQHFHVLWDSRUORWDQWRXQDIXHQWHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQUHDOL]DGDFRQFLUFXLWRVOyJLFRVD
VHDHQWHFQRORJtD77/D9R026D9HQWDQWRTXHODH[FLWDFLyQGHODVERELQDVVH
UHDOL]DUiFRQRWUDIXHQWHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQFXDWHQVLyQGHSHQGHGHODSRWHQFLDQHFHVDULD
ODWHFQRORJtDHVFRJLGDHQWUH9FF

(OFLUFXLWRGHFRQPXWDFLyQGHODVIDVHVUHFLEHHOQRPEUHGHXQLGDGGHPDQGRGHOPRWRU
SDVRDSDVR3DUDPRWRUHVGHEDMDSRWHQFLDFXDDOLPHQWDFLyQHVWDFRPSUHQGLGDHQWUH
9H[LVWHQHQHOFRPHUFLRFLUFXLWRVLQWHJUDGRVHVSHFLDOPHQWHGLVHxDGRVTXHFRQWLHQHQHQ
VXLQWHULRUWRGDODFLUFXLWHULDQHFHVDULDLQFOXLGDODHWDSDGHSRWHQFLDSDUDKDFHUORIXQFLRQDU
FRQ SUHFLVLyQ HPSOHDQGR GLIHUHQWHV WpFQLFDV GH FRQWURO FDGD XQR GH HOORV 6LQ HPEDUJR
SDUDSRWHQFLDVVXSHULRUHVKDVWD.:
HOFRQWUROGHEHGLVHxDUVHHPSOHDQGRFRPSRQHQWHV
GLVFUHWRV GH SRWHQFLD VXILFLHQWH (O FiOFXOR GH HVWH FLUFXLWR LQIOXH GHFLVLYDPHQWH HQ ODV
FXDOLGDGHVGHOPRWRU

$OLPHQWDFLyQGHORVPRWRUHVSDVRDSDVR

3DUD PRWRUHV SHTXHxRV R FRQ UHGXFLGD YHORFLGDG GH WUDEDMR GH HPSOHDQ FLUFXLWRV GH
FRQPXWDFLyQ VXFHVLYDFRQ FXDWUR WUDQVLVWRUHV XQR SRU IDVH (VWH FLUFXLWR HV PXVHQFLOOR
GHUHDOL]DUSHURWLHQHHOGHIHFWRGHGHVDSURYHFKDUODERELQDTXHHVWiHQRSRVLFLyQDOSDVR
SRU OR TXH HO SDU REWHQLGR FRQ HVWH PpWRGR GH FRQPXWDFLyQ HV EDMR 3DUD PHMRUDU OD
UHVSXHVWD GHO PRWRU D XQD GHWHUPLQDGD YHORFLGDG GH URWDFLyQ VH DFRSODQ FRQGHQVDGRUHV


,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
(VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH

HQWUH GRV EDVHV FRQVHFXWLYDV (O YDORU GH HVWH FRPSRQHQWH VH FDOFXOD HPStULFDPHQWH 
YLHQH SUHILMDGR SRU HO IDEULFDQWH GHO PRWRUSDUDOD YHORFLGDG QRPLQDOSDUD FXDOTXLHURWUD
YHORFLGDGKDTXHYROYHUDFDOFXODUOR

3DUD DSURYHFKDU PHMRU HO SDU PRWRU VH HPSOHD JHQHUDOPHQWH OD WpFQLFD GHO PRQWDMH HQ
SXHQWHHQHOFXDOFXDWURWUDQVLVWRUHVFRQPXWDQGRGRVDGRVGHWHUPLQDQHOVHQWLGRGHSDVR
GH OD FRUULHQWH HOpFWULFD SRU ODV ERELQDV GHO PRWRU (VWH PRQWDMH TXH SUHFLVD GH FXDWUR
WUDQVLVWRUHV SRU ERELQD DSURYHFKD DO Pi[LPR HO SDU SHUR FRQVXPH PXFKtVLPD FRUULHQWH
3DUDOLPLWDUHQORSRVLEOHHVWHHIHFWRLQGHVHDGRVHKDFHWUDEDMDUHOPRWRUFRQGRVWHQVLRQHV
GLIHUHQWHV GH DOLPHQWDFLyQ KDFLHQGR DUUDQFDU DO PRWRUFRQ DOWD WHQVLyQ  XQD YH]TXH KD
UHDOL]DGRHODUUDQTXHVHUHGXFHODWHQVLyQGHH[FLWDFLyQFRQPXWDQGRFRQXQWUDQVLVWRUHQHO
SXQWRFRP~QGHOSXHQWH




                               0HPRULDVGLJLWDOHV
8QDPHPRULDGLJLWDOHVDTXHOODTXH SHUPLWHDOPDFHQDUXQGDWRGHXQVLVWHPDGLJLWDO(VWRV
GDWRVVRQFHURVXQRVOyJLFRVRORTXHHVORPLVPRHOUHVXOWDGRGHOHHUHVFULELUHVWDGRV
EDMRVRDOWRVGHWHQVLyQ

/D PHPRULD HQ XQ SURFHVDGRU HV OD UHVSRQVDEOH GHO SUHFLR YHORFLGDG GH SURFHVR OD
ILDELOLGDG GHO RUGHQDGRU 'HVGH OD XWLOL]DFLyQ GH ORV SULPHURV EDQFRV GH PHPRULD KDVWD
DKRUD QR KDQ SDVDGR WDQWRV DxRV FRPR SDUHFH XQ SDU GpFDGDV SDUD TXH HO QLYHO GH
LQWHJUDFLyQ KDD FDPELDGR GH WDO IRUPD TXH VH SXHGHQ DOPDFHQDU JUDQGHV FDQWLGDGHV GH
GDWRVHQHVSDFLRVUHODWLYDPHQWHUHGXFLGRV

ODVLILFDFLyQGHODVPHPRULDV

/DVPHPRULDVODVSRGHPRVGLYLGLUHQGLIHUHQWHVPRGRV3RUVXVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVYHORFLGDG
FRQVXPR GH SRWHQFLD FRVWR HWF 3RU HO WLSR GH VRSRUWH XWLOL]DGR VHPLFRQGXFWRUHV R WLSR
PDJQpWLFR

/D PHPRULD SULQFLSDO GH XQ RUGHQDGRU TXH HV HO FHUHEUR GHO URERW
HV GHO WLSR
VHPLFRQGXFWRU3DUDDOPDFHQDUGDWRVPDVLYRVDODUJRSOD]RVHXWLOL]DQPHPRULDVGHVRSRUWH
PDJQpWLFR GLVFRV FLQWDV HWF /DV PHPRULDV GH VHPLFRQGXFWRUHV ODV SRGHPRV GLYLGLU HQ
GRVJUXSRVYROiWLOHVQRYROiWLOHV/RVGDWRVGHSRVLWDGRVHQXQDPHPRULDYROiWLOHVWRHV
VL QR VH WRPDQ PHGLGDV SDUD HYLWDUOR ORV GDWRV 'HVDSDUHFHQ DO FRUWDU OD DOLPHQWDFLyQ
5$0
1RRFXUUHDVtFRQODVPHPRULDVQRYROiWLOHVRGHDOPDFHQDPLHQWRSHUPDQHQWH6LQ
HPEDUJR QR VH SXHGH HVFULELU  ERUUDU HQ HOODV FRQ OD PLVPD IDFLOLGDG (Q UHDOLGDG FDVL
WRGDVODVPHPRULDVVRQGHOHFWXUDSRUHOORUHFLEHQHOQRPEUHGHPHPRULDVSHUPDQHQWHV
GHOHFWXUDVRODPHQWH520
(QWRGRFDVRODPDWUL]GHPHPRULDHVWiIRUPDGDSRUWDQWDVFpOXODVFRPRFDSDFLGDGWHQJD
OD PHPRULD (Q FDGD XQD GH HVWDV FpOXODV VH JXDUGD R DOPDFHQD XQ ELW (VWDV VHUiQ
VHOHFFLRQDGDV SRU XQD OtQHD GH ILODV  RWUDV GH FROXPQDV /D LQWHUVHFFLyQ HQWUH DPEDV


,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
(VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH

GHWHUPLQDUi OD FpOXOD HQ FRQFUHWR TXH SUHWHQGHPRV OHHU R HVFULELU /RV GDWRV GH ILODV 
FROXPQDVVHREWLHQHQSRUGHFRGLILFDGRUHVGHODPHPRULD7RGDODLQIRUPDFLyQTXHQHFHVLWD
HVDSRUWDGDSRUHOFDQDOGHGLVWULEXFLyQGHGLUHFFLRQHVTXHVXPLQLVWUDHOSURFHVDGRU




(QHVWHFRQMXQWRGHPHPRULDVYHPRVHODVSHFWRItVLFRGHYDULDV
XQDGHHOODVGHVSXpVGHSDVDUSRUHOTXLUyIDQR




/DV PHPRULDV VH FRQRFHQ R GHQRPLQDQ FRPR 5$0 520 3520 (3520 ((3520
($520TXHVRQPXFRPXQHVWDQWRHQODFRPSXWDFLyQFRPRHQODLQWHOLJHQFLDDUWLILFLDO

$
5$0 0HPRULD GH DOPDFHQDPLHQWR WHPSRUDO GH DFFHVR GLUHFWR 5DQGRP $FFHVV
PHPRU
%
5200HPRULDSHUPDQHQWHGHVROROHFWXUD5HDGRQOPHPRU
,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
(VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH


                      9LVLyQDUWLILFLDOGHORVURERWV
(Q HO FDVR KXPDQR OD SHUFHSFLyQ YLVXDO HV
XQ SURFHVR HQRUPHPHQWH FRPSOHMR HQ HO
TXH HVWiQ LQYROXFUDGRV IHQyPHQRV PX
GLYHUVRV

/D YLVLyQ HQ HO KRPEUH WRPD HQ
FRQVLGHUDFLyQ SDUiPHWURV FRPR SXHGHQ VHU
ODWH[WXUDODGLVWDQFLDODIRUPDHOFRORUOD
OXPLQRVLGDG $OJXQRV GH HVWRV SDUiPHWURV
ORVFRPELQDPRVFRQRWURVVHQWLGRV

,QFOXVR WRGD HVWD LQIRUPDFLyQ UHFDEDGD HV
LQVXILFLHQWH HQ RFDVLRQHV SDUD SRGHU
UHFRQRFHU REMHWRV SXHVWR TXH KHPRV GH
XWLOL]DUOD FRQMXQWDPHQWH FRQ DQWHULRUHV
H[SHULHQFLDV YLVXDOHV GHO PLVPR REMHWR X
RWURVVHPHMDQWHV

3RURWURODGRHODQiOLVLVGH ODVLPiJHQHVVHYHHQWRUSHFLGRSRUIDFWRUHVTXHVRQLQHYLWDEOHV
SXHVWRTXHHVWiQDVRFLDGRVDOPLVPRFRQFHSWRGHORTXHHVODLPDJHQ3RQJDPRVSRUFDVR
HOWLSRGHLOXPLQDFLyQODVRFOXVLRQHVHQWUHREMHWRVODVVRPEUDVODSHUVSHFWLYDHWF

6LVWHPDGHYLVLyQ
8Q VLVWHPD GH YLVLyQ GHEH FRQVWDU
EiVLFDPHQWH GH ODV VLJXLHQWHV
SDUWHV

    $ 6HQVRUTXHFDSWDODLPDJHQ
    % ,QWHUID]GHDGDSWDFLyQGHODV
       VHxDOHV SDUD TXH SXHGDQ VHU
       SURFHVDGDV

6HOHFFLyQ GH OD LQIRUPDFLyQ ~WLO
3URFHVDPLHQWRGHODPLVPD                 RPSDUDFLyQHQWUHHOVLVWHPDGHYLVLyQGHOKRPEUHHOXWLOL]DGRSRUORVURERWV
                                          SDUDFDSWDFLyQGHLPiJHQHV



2EVHUYDPRV TXH HQ HVHQFLD HO SURFHVR FRPSOHWR LPSOLFD XQD FDSWDFLyQ  XQ SRVWHULRU
WUDWDPLHQWRGHODLQIRUPDFLyQREWHQLGD

(QHOFDVRGHOKRPEUHODSULPHUDIDVHODUHDOL]DHORMRODVHJXQGDHOFHUHEURPLHQWUDVTXH
HQORVURERWVODFDSWDFLyQVHFRQVLJXHSRUPHGLRGHXQDFiPDUDHOSURFHVDQGRFRPSHWHD
XQFRPSXWDGRUWUDEDMDQGR HQWLHPSRUHDO


,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
(VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH

([LVWH XQD LPSRUWDQWH DQDORJtD HQWUH XQD FiPDUD  HO RMR KXPDQR 0LHQWUDV TXH HQ OD
FiPDUDODFDSWDFLyQGHODLPDJHQVHUHDOL]DSRUPHGLRGHXQRVVHQVRUHVIRWRYROWDLFRVHQHO
RMRWHQHPRVODVFpOXODVVHQVRULDOHVXELFDGDVHQHOWDSL]DGRLQWHULRUGHQRPLQDGRUHWLQD

/RVEDVWRQHVORVFRQRVVRQODVFpOXODVGHODUHWLQDVHQVLEOHVDODOX]/RVFRQRVSURFXUDQ
OD YLVLyQ FURPiWLFD SHUR QR VRQ WDQ VHQVLEOHV D OD OX] FRPR ORV EDVWRQHV FRQ ORV TXH VH
REWLHQHODYLVLyQHQEODQFRQHJUR

/RV FRQRV DO LJXDO TXH ORVSXQWRV GH OD SDQWDOOD GH ODVFiPDUDV VRQ GH WUHVFODVHV DGD
WLSR GH FRQRV FDSWD XQ VHFWRU GH OD HVFDOD FURPiWLFD (Q OD UHWLQD H[LVWH XQD ]RQD
GHQRPLQDGD PDQFKDDPDULOOD HQ OD TXH OD YLVLyQ FURPiWLFDGHGHWDOOHHVPiVSHUIHFWD
FRQWLHQH QXPHURVRV FRQRV  HVFDVRV EDVWRQHV SRU OR TXH QR VH YH FRQ QLWLGH] HQ OD
REVFXULGDG

$SHVDUGHODVHPHMDQ]DODFRPSOHMLGDGGHODHVWUXFWXUDGHODUHWLQDGHVERUGDDPSOLDPHQWH
ORVGLVHxRVPiVHODERUDGRVGHFiPDUDVHOHFWUyQLFDV)LMpPRQRVSRUHMHPSORTXHHQHOFDVR
GH OD UHWLQDFDGD FRQR  FDGD EDVWyQ QR DFW~D GH IRUPD LQGHSHQGLHQWH FRQ UHVSHFWR D ORV
EDVWRQHV  FRQRV FRQWLJXRV VLQR TXH HQWUH HOORV H[LVWH XQ VLVWHPD GH FRPXQLFDFLyQ TXH
DFHQW~DHOFRQWUDVWHHQWUHODVGLVWLQWDVSDUWHVGHODLPDJHQ

(O HQIRTXH HQ HO RMR VH REWLHQH FDPELDQGR OD IRUPD GHO FULVWDOLQR SRU HOOR OD GLVWDQFLD
IRFDO(VWDVHUHJXODPHGLDQWHXQP~VFXORDQXODUOODPDGRLOLDUTXHDOFRQWUDHUVHKDFHTXH
HO FULVWDOLQR VH HQJUXHVH  DO UHODMDUVH VH HVWUHFKH (O HQIRTXH HQ ODV FiPDUDV VH UHDOL]D
YDULDQGRODGLVWDQFLDGHODOHQWHFRQHOREMHWR

$XQTXHHVPXFKRORTXHTXHGDSRUUHFRUUHUHQHOSHUIHFFLRQDPLHQWRGHODFDSWDFLyQGHOD
LPDJHQ SRU VLVWHPDV DUWLILFLDOHV ODV FiPDUDV DFWXDOHV FRQVLJXHQ FDGD YH] PDV GHWDOOHV 
FDOLGDGFRQPHQRVHVSDFLR(VWDVVRQODVPiVXVDGDVHQODUREyWLFD

             D iPDUDVGHHVWDGRVyOLGRFRQVWLWXLGDVSRUXQFRQMXQWRGHFRQGHQVDGRUHVTXH
                KDFHQODIXQFLyQGHVHQVRUHVIRWRVHQVLEOHVGLVSXHVWRVHQHVWUXFWXUDPDWULFLDO
                7LHQHQUHGXFLGRWDPDxRSHVRDVtFRPRUHVLVWHQFLDDFRQGLFLRQHVDGYHUVDV
             E 7XER YLGLFyQ FRQVLVWHQWH HQ XQD DPSROOD GH YLGULR TXH FRQWLHQH OD SDUWH
                IRWRVHQVLEOH  ODV ERELQDV GH HQIRTXH  GHIOHFFLRQ SDUD HO PXHVWUHR GH OD
                LPDJHQFDSWDGDGHVGHHOH[WHULRU(VGHPDRUHVGLPHQVLRQHVSHVRTXHODV
                FiPDUDVGHHVWDGRVyOLGR

,QWHUID]

/D FiPDUD VXPLQLVWUD OD LPDJHQ FDSWDGD SRU PHGLR GH XQD VHxDO DQDOyJLFD SRU OR TXH HV
QHFHVDULR XQ LQWHUID] TXH SURSRUFLRQH DO FRPSXWDGRU OD LQIRUPDFLyQ GLJLWDOL]DGD 
RUJDQL]DGD/DPLVLyQSRUORWDQWRHVJXDUGDUOD LPDJHQHQXQDPHPRULD5$0GLVSRQLEOH
SDUDTXHHOFRPSXWDGRUKDJDXVRGHHOODHQHOSURFHVDPLHQWR

(O IXQFLRQDPLHQWR SRGUtD FRQVLVWLU EiVLFDPHQWH HQ HO FRPSXWDGRU JHQHUDUi XQD VHxDO
LQGLFDQGRDOLQWHUID]TXHUHDOLFHODFRQYHUVLyQDGLJLWDOGHOFXDGURSURFHGHQWHGHODFiPDUD



,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Quotes & gems of wisdom
Quotes & gems of wisdomQuotes & gems of wisdom
Quotes & gems of wisdomRaj Luitel
 
The rarionale behind gender mainstreaming
The rarionale behind gender mainstreamingThe rarionale behind gender mainstreaming
The rarionale behind gender mainstreamingsheila cesario
 
Conditions and System of Government/Official Information in some NATO Countries
Conditions and System of Government/Official Information in some NATO Countries Conditions and System of Government/Official Information in some NATO Countries
Conditions and System of Government/Official Information in some NATO Countries Ivan Zary
 
Horticultura en argentina
Horticultura en argentinaHorticultura en argentina
Horticultura en argentinaWalther Vargas
 
Santa Clarita real estate update by remax of Valencia paris911 team week 2 Se...
Santa Clarita real estate update by remax of Valencia paris911 team week 2 Se...Santa Clarita real estate update by remax of Valencia paris911 team week 2 Se...
Santa Clarita real estate update by remax of Valencia paris911 team week 2 Se...Connor T. MacIVOR
 
100 Ways of Greening your Life - Walk Cheerfully, Step Lightly
100 Ways of Greening your Life - Walk Cheerfully, Step Lightly 100 Ways of Greening your Life - Walk Cheerfully, Step Lightly
100 Ways of Greening your Life - Walk Cheerfully, Step Lightly P6P
 
personality develope
personality developepersonality develope
personality developesethuilan
 
Remedies lecture 1
Remedies lecture 1Remedies lecture 1
Remedies lecture 1FAROUQ
 
Excel vba course notes 1 macro basics
Excel vba course notes 1   macro basicsExcel vba course notes 1   macro basics
Excel vba course notes 1 macro basicsnecromen
 
Privity lecture & cases
Privity lecture & casesPrivity lecture & cases
Privity lecture & casesFAROUQ
 
Terms of contract
Terms of contractTerms of contract
Terms of contractFAROUQ
 

Tendances (17)

40 hadeeth qudsi
40 hadeeth qudsi40 hadeeth qudsi
40 hadeeth qudsi
 
40 hadeeth
40 hadeeth40 hadeeth
40 hadeeth
 
1st book dr rahul & heena tiwari- periooral soft tissue & orthognathic surgery
1st book  dr rahul & heena tiwari- periooral soft tissue & orthognathic surgery1st book  dr rahul & heena tiwari- periooral soft tissue & orthognathic surgery
1st book dr rahul & heena tiwari- periooral soft tissue & orthognathic surgery
 
2nd book dr rahul & heena tiwari- how to write an article and publish it - c...
2nd book  dr rahul & heena tiwari- how to write an article and publish it - c...2nd book  dr rahul & heena tiwari- how to write an article and publish it - c...
2nd book dr rahul & heena tiwari- how to write an article and publish it - c...
 
Quotes & gems of wisdom
Quotes & gems of wisdomQuotes & gems of wisdom
Quotes & gems of wisdom
 
The rarionale behind gender mainstreaming
The rarionale behind gender mainstreamingThe rarionale behind gender mainstreaming
The rarionale behind gender mainstreaming
 
Conditions and System of Government/Official Information in some NATO Countries
Conditions and System of Government/Official Information in some NATO Countries Conditions and System of Government/Official Information in some NATO Countries
Conditions and System of Government/Official Information in some NATO Countries
 
Horticultura en argentina
Horticultura en argentinaHorticultura en argentina
Horticultura en argentina
 
Santa Clarita real estate update by remax of Valencia paris911 team week 2 Se...
Santa Clarita real estate update by remax of Valencia paris911 team week 2 Se...Santa Clarita real estate update by remax of Valencia paris911 team week 2 Se...
Santa Clarita real estate update by remax of Valencia paris911 team week 2 Se...
 
Fiqh-us-Sunnah: Essentials of Everyday Worship
Fiqh-us-Sunnah: Essentials of Everyday WorshipFiqh-us-Sunnah: Essentials of Everyday Worship
Fiqh-us-Sunnah: Essentials of Everyday Worship
 
100 Ways of Greening your Life - Walk Cheerfully, Step Lightly
100 Ways of Greening your Life - Walk Cheerfully, Step Lightly 100 Ways of Greening your Life - Walk Cheerfully, Step Lightly
100 Ways of Greening your Life - Walk Cheerfully, Step Lightly
 
personality develope
personality developepersonality develope
personality develope
 
Remedies lecture 1
Remedies lecture 1Remedies lecture 1
Remedies lecture 1
 
Excel vba course notes 1 macro basics
Excel vba course notes 1   macro basicsExcel vba course notes 1   macro basics
Excel vba course notes 1 macro basics
 
Just one-message eng
Just one-message engJust one-message eng
Just one-message eng
 
Privity lecture & cases
Privity lecture & casesPrivity lecture & cases
Privity lecture & cases
 
Terms of contract
Terms of contractTerms of contract
Terms of contract
 

En vedette

Who are you, livia
Who are you, liviaWho are you, livia
Who are you, livialivweb
 
Reise in die Kindheit aus Anlass des Klimawandels
Reise in die Kindheit aus Anlass des KlimawandelsReise in die Kindheit aus Anlass des Klimawandels
Reise in die Kindheit aus Anlass des Klimawandelsdiekanne
 
Neuroversum - Die Teammitglieder
Neuroversum - Die TeammitgliederNeuroversum - Die Teammitglieder
Neuroversum - Die TeammitgliederNeuroversum
 
Benzinpreis-Aktion (pls share)
Benzinpreis-Aktion (pls share)Benzinpreis-Aktion (pls share)
Benzinpreis-Aktion (pls share)tommyHH
 
Warum mochte ich für FirefoxOS entwickeln
Warum mochte ich für FirefoxOS entwickelnWarum mochte ich für FirefoxOS entwickeln
Warum mochte ich für FirefoxOS entwickelnF789GH
 
Digitalisierungsstrategien für Freiberufler
Digitalisierungsstrategien für FreiberuflerDigitalisierungsstrategien für Freiberufler
Digitalisierungsstrategien für FreiberuflerMonika Thoma
 
Freelancer in Zeiten der neuen Technologien
Freelancer in Zeiten der neuen TechnologienFreelancer in Zeiten der neuen Technologien
Freelancer in Zeiten der neuen TechnologienAnika Erdmann
 
Marketing Minute 2: Dranbleiben! Mit diesen 10 Tipps gelingt's
Marketing Minute 2: Dranbleiben! Mit diesen 10 Tipps gelingt'sMarketing Minute 2: Dranbleiben! Mit diesen 10 Tipps gelingt's
Marketing Minute 2: Dranbleiben! Mit diesen 10 Tipps gelingt'sMonika Thoma
 
Binder1
Binder1Binder1
Binder1MUQD
 
Els 7
Els 7Els 7
Els 7itu
 
Atlas Copco Energieeffizienz - Bacht 2009
Atlas Copco Energieeffizienz - Bacht 2009Atlas Copco Energieeffizienz - Bacht 2009
Atlas Copco Energieeffizienz - Bacht 2009Marketing CTS
 
8i family products
8i family products8i family products
8i family productsAnil Pandey
 

En vedette (20)

objectiF extrem
objectiF extremobjectiF extrem
objectiF extrem
 
Bilder im DaF
Bilder im DaFBilder im DaF
Bilder im DaF
 
January 2011
January 2011January 2011
January 2011
 
Who are you, livia
Who are you, liviaWho are you, livia
Who are you, livia
 
Reise in die Kindheit aus Anlass des Klimawandels
Reise in die Kindheit aus Anlass des KlimawandelsReise in die Kindheit aus Anlass des Klimawandels
Reise in die Kindheit aus Anlass des Klimawandels
 
Neuroversum - Die Teammitglieder
Neuroversum - Die TeammitgliederNeuroversum - Die Teammitglieder
Neuroversum - Die Teammitglieder
 
Benzinpreis-Aktion (pls share)
Benzinpreis-Aktion (pls share)Benzinpreis-Aktion (pls share)
Benzinpreis-Aktion (pls share)
 
Warum mochte ich für FirefoxOS entwickeln
Warum mochte ich für FirefoxOS entwickelnWarum mochte ich für FirefoxOS entwickeln
Warum mochte ich für FirefoxOS entwickeln
 
Digitalisierungsstrategien für Freiberufler
Digitalisierungsstrategien für FreiberuflerDigitalisierungsstrategien für Freiberufler
Digitalisierungsstrategien für Freiberufler
 
Freelancer in Zeiten der neuen Technologien
Freelancer in Zeiten der neuen TechnologienFreelancer in Zeiten der neuen Technologien
Freelancer in Zeiten der neuen Technologien
 
Marketing Minute 2: Dranbleiben! Mit diesen 10 Tipps gelingt's
Marketing Minute 2: Dranbleiben! Mit diesen 10 Tipps gelingt'sMarketing Minute 2: Dranbleiben! Mit diesen 10 Tipps gelingt's
Marketing Minute 2: Dranbleiben! Mit diesen 10 Tipps gelingt's
 
Binder1
Binder1Binder1
Binder1
 
Els 7
Els 7Els 7
Els 7
 
Atlas Copco Energieeffizienz - Bacht 2009
Atlas Copco Energieeffizienz - Bacht 2009Atlas Copco Energieeffizienz - Bacht 2009
Atlas Copco Energieeffizienz - Bacht 2009
 
Hochzeitstag
HochzeitstagHochzeitstag
Hochzeitstag
 
Bonsai trees
Bonsai trees Bonsai trees
Bonsai trees
 
Was leisten Interim Manager in Veränderungsprozessen?
Was leisten Interim Manager in Veränderungsprozessen?Was leisten Interim Manager in Veränderungsprozessen?
Was leisten Interim Manager in Veränderungsprozessen?
 
Twitter für DaF
Twitter für DaFTwitter für DaF
Twitter für DaF
 
8i family products
8i family products8i family products
8i family products
 
Kataloge
KatalogeKataloge
Kataloge
 

Similaire à Robotica

Los derechos de los animales - Hector Hidalgo (2xhoja36).pdf
Los derechos de los animales - Hector Hidalgo (2xhoja36).pdfLos derechos de los animales - Hector Hidalgo (2xhoja36).pdf
Los derechos de los animales - Hector Hidalgo (2xhoja36).pdfyenifferdenisseoband1
 
Expense Reduction Categories
Expense Reduction CategoriesExpense Reduction Categories
Expense Reduction CategoriesNaushad Moolla
 
CSR and Global Citizenship in the global business
CSR and Global Citizenship in the global businessCSR and Global Citizenship in the global business
CSR and Global Citizenship in the global businessDr. Rakesh Ainapur
 
Balzac et la petite tailleuse chinoise
Balzac et la petite tailleuse chinoiseBalzac et la petite tailleuse chinoise
Balzac et la petite tailleuse chinoisedreamytang
 
Policarpo en Manhattan (Ilustrado 2xhoja28) - Poli Délano.pdf
Policarpo en Manhattan (Ilustrado 2xhoja28) - Poli Délano.pdfPolicarpo en Manhattan (Ilustrado 2xhoja28) - Poli Délano.pdf
Policarpo en Manhattan (Ilustrado 2xhoja28) - Poli Délano.pdfalejandraescobar421622
 
Discharge lecture
Discharge lectureDischarge lecture
Discharge lectureFAROUQ
 
Capítulo 0. Programa de Capacitación en Esterilización Hospitalaria
Capítulo 0.  Programa de Capacitación en Esterilización HospitalariaCapítulo 0.  Programa de Capacitación en Esterilización Hospitalaria
Capítulo 0. Programa de Capacitación en Esterilización HospitalariaRigoberto José Meléndez Cuauro
 
Remedies lecture 2
Remedies lecture 2Remedies lecture 2
Remedies lecture 2FAROUQ
 
GFI LanGuard SDK - Technical DataSheet
GFI LanGuard SDK - Technical DataSheetGFI LanGuard SDK - Technical DataSheet
GFI LanGuard SDK - Technical DataSheetAndre Muscat
 
A Note On Phillips Curve (The Phillips Curve Was Simply A Set of Observations...
A Note On Phillips Curve (The Phillips Curve Was Simply A Set of Observations...A Note On Phillips Curve (The Phillips Curve Was Simply A Set of Observations...
A Note On Phillips Curve (The Phillips Curve Was Simply A Set of Observations...ayshaayyoob2003
 
Maria montessori
Maria montessori Maria montessori
Maria montessori elmackay
 
marcela_paz_Los_pecosos.pdf
marcela_paz_Los_pecosos.pdfmarcela_paz_Los_pecosos.pdf
marcela_paz_Los_pecosos.pdfandrea771906
 
Material On The Authenticity Of The Quran
Material On The Authenticity Of The QuranMaterial On The Authenticity Of The Quran
Material On The Authenticity Of The Quranzakir2012
 

Similaire à Robotica (20)

Los derechos de los animales - Hector Hidalgo (2xhoja36).pdf
Los derechos de los animales - Hector Hidalgo (2xhoja36).pdfLos derechos de los animales - Hector Hidalgo (2xhoja36).pdf
Los derechos de los animales - Hector Hidalgo (2xhoja36).pdf
 
Expense Reduction Categories
Expense Reduction CategoriesExpense Reduction Categories
Expense Reduction Categories
 
Module 3.pdf
Module 3.pdfModule 3.pdf
Module 3.pdf
 
CSR and Global Citizenship in the global business
CSR and Global Citizenship in the global businessCSR and Global Citizenship in the global business
CSR and Global Citizenship in the global business
 
Balzac et la petite tailleuse chinoise
Balzac et la petite tailleuse chinoiseBalzac et la petite tailleuse chinoise
Balzac et la petite tailleuse chinoise
 
Module 1.pdf
Module 1.pdfModule 1.pdf
Module 1.pdf
 
Policarpo en Manhattan (Ilustrado 2xhoja28) - Poli Délano.pdf
Policarpo en Manhattan (Ilustrado 2xhoja28) - Poli Délano.pdfPolicarpo en Manhattan (Ilustrado 2xhoja28) - Poli Délano.pdf
Policarpo en Manhattan (Ilustrado 2xhoja28) - Poli Délano.pdf
 
IEC 2014_Wera Supa
IEC 2014_Wera  SupaIEC 2014_Wera  Supa
IEC 2014_Wera Supa
 
Discharge lecture
Discharge lectureDischarge lecture
Discharge lecture
 
Capítulo 0. Programa de Capacitación en Esterilización Hospitalaria
Capítulo 0.  Programa de Capacitación en Esterilización HospitalariaCapítulo 0.  Programa de Capacitación en Esterilización Hospitalaria
Capítulo 0. Programa de Capacitación en Esterilización Hospitalaria
 
Remedies lecture 2
Remedies lecture 2Remedies lecture 2
Remedies lecture 2
 
Islam Perfectly Complete
Islam Perfectly CompleteIslam Perfectly Complete
Islam Perfectly Complete
 
GFI LanGuard SDK - Technical DataSheet
GFI LanGuard SDK - Technical DataSheetGFI LanGuard SDK - Technical DataSheet
GFI LanGuard SDK - Technical DataSheet
 
A Note On Phillips Curve (The Phillips Curve Was Simply A Set of Observations...
A Note On Phillips Curve (The Phillips Curve Was Simply A Set of Observations...A Note On Phillips Curve (The Phillips Curve Was Simply A Set of Observations...
A Note On Phillips Curve (The Phillips Curve Was Simply A Set of Observations...
 
Maria montessori
Maria montessori Maria montessori
Maria montessori
 
Fiqh us-sunnah
Fiqh us-sunnahFiqh us-sunnah
Fiqh us-sunnah
 
marcela_paz_Los_pecosos.pdf
marcela_paz_Los_pecosos.pdfmarcela_paz_Los_pecosos.pdf
marcela_paz_Los_pecosos.pdf
 
Material On The Authenticity Of The Quran
Material On The Authenticity Of The QuranMaterial On The Authenticity Of The Quran
Material On The Authenticity Of The Quran
 
The Ideal Muslim
The Ideal MuslimThe Ideal Muslim
The Ideal Muslim
 
The Ideal Muslim
The Ideal MuslimThe Ideal Muslim
The Ideal Muslim
 

Robotica

  • 1. (VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH ,QWURGXFFLyQDOD5REyWLFD 3DUD FUHDU ORV URERWV LQGXVWULDOHV FXR REMHWLYR SULQFLSDO HV HO GH PDQLSXODU REMHWRVWUDVODGDUORVGHVLWLRVFDPELDUORVGH SRVLFLyQ HWF VH WRPR VH WRPD
  • 2. FRPR PRGHORODPDQRKXPDQDSXHVWRTXHHVWHHV HO VLVWHPD PiV SHUIHFWR TXH VH FRQRFH SDUD DVLUOHYDQWDUPRYHURSHUDUFRQREMHWRV /D PDQR SRVHH JUDGRV GH OLEHUWDG OD PXxHFD HV FDSD] GH UHDOL]DU VHLV PRYLPLHQWR GLIHUHQWHV H LQGHSHQGLHQWHV DGHPiV WLHQH VHQVRUHV GH IXHU]D 8QDGHODVDSOLFDFLRQHVPiVQRWDEOHVGHODUREyWLFDHVFRQVWUXLU WHPSHUDWXUDSUHVLyQHWFFRQVLVWHPDV YHKtFXORVGHH[SORUDFLyQHVSDFLDOHLQWHUSODQHWDULDDGRQGHHO KRPEUHWRGDYtDWLHQHPXOLPLWDGDVXSUHVHQFLD LQWHUFRQHFWDGRV GH VXE FRQWURO 6XV SRVLELOLGDGHV GH VXMHFLyQ GH REMHWRV VRQ PX QRWDEOHVH[WHULRUHVLQWHULRUHVFROJDQGRSRUUR]DPLHQWRHWF 8QDSULPHUDGHILQLFLyQ 6LQHPEDUJRDXQTXHSXGLHUDORJUDUVHXQDUHSURGXFFLyQFLEHUQpWLFDGHODPDQR HVWDSRUVL VRODQRVHULDFDWDORJDGDFRPRURERWVSXHVSDUDHOORGHEHUtDYHULILFDUODGHILQLFLyQDGRSWDGD SRU HO LQVWLWXWR QRUWHDPHULFDQR GH UREyWLFD DFHSWDGD LQWHUQDFLRQDOPHQWH PDQLSXODGRU PXOWLIXQFLRQDO UHSURJUDPDEOH GLVHxDGR SDUD PRYHU PDWHULDOHV SLH]DV KHUUDPLHQWDV R GLVSRVLWLYRV HVSHFLDOHV PHGLDQWH PRYLPLHQWRV SURJUDPDEOHV YDULDEOHV TXH SHUPLWDQ OOHYDUDFDERGLYHUVDVWDUHDV (VWD GHILQLFLyQ HV OR EDVWDQWH FRPSOHWD FRPR SHUPLWLUQRV QRWDU TXH SDUD FRQVHJXLUOR HV SUHFLVRDXQDUHQHOPLVPRHVIXHU]RYDULDVGLVFLSOLQDVFRQFOXHQWHVSHURGLVWLQWDVFRPRVRQ OD PHFiQLFD OD DXWRPiWLFD OD HOHFWUyQLFD OD LQIRUPiWLFD 3RU VL VROD QLQJXQD GH HOODV FRQVHJXLUtDSRQHUHQPDUFKDXQURERWGLJQRGHWDOQRPEUH /RV URERWV DFWXDOHV GH XVR PiV FRUULHQWH WDQWR ORV LQGXVWULDOHV FRPR ORV HGXFDWLYRV FXPSOHQ HVWH REMHWLYR PHGLDQWH XQ GLVSRVLWLYR FRQVWLWXLGR SRU XQ EUD]R FRQ GRV R WUHV DUWLFXODFLRQHV D FXRH[WUHPR VH DFRSOD HO PDQLSXODGRUJHQHUDOPHQWHFRQWUHVJUDGRV GH OLEHUWDG WRGR HOOR PRQWDGR VREUH XQD EDVH TXH SXHGH VHU ILMD R PyYLO 'DGR HO FDUiFWHU LQKHUHQWH GH DXWRPiWLFR XQ URERW GHEHVHUFDSD]GHUHDOL]DUSRUVLPLVPRORVREMHWLYRVD PDQLSXODUVXMHWDUORVFRQODSUHVLyQUHTXHULGDYROYHUDGHSRVLWDUORVFRQHOGHELGRUHVSHWR HQHOVLWLRGLVSRQLEOH ,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
  • 3. (VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH 7RGRHOORVHFRQVLJXHFRQHOXVRGHVHQVRUHVDGHFXDGRVTXHSHUPLWDQDOVLVWHPDVDEHUHQ WRGR PRPHQWR GRQGH HVWD OD PDQR GRQGH FRPR HVWD OD SLH]D D PDQLSXODU FXDO HV OD SUHVLyQHMHUFLGDVREUHODPLVPDYHORFLGDGGHWUDVODFLyQUHODWLYDHWFDGHPiV RQWURODUWRGRVHVWRVSDUiPHWURVFRQWLQXDPHQWHRFRQ HOWLHPSRGHUHVROXFLyQQRWDEOH3RUHOORHORUGHQDGRU IRUPDSDUWHLQWHJUDQWHGHORVURERWVLQGXVWULDOHVGHVGH VX QDFLPLHQWR VL HQ XQ SULQFLSLR HVWDV PDTXLQDV HUDQH[FHVLYDPHQWHYROXPLQRVDVFRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWH FDUDV VH GHEtD D HVWH KHFKR $FWXDOPHQWH FRQ OD DXGD GHO PLFURSURFHVDGRU KD VXUJLGR XQD VHJXQGD JHQHUDFLyQ GH URERWV LQWHOLJHQWHV TXH VH FDUDFWHUL]DQ SRUVHUFDSDFHVGHUHODFLRQDUVHFRQHOHQWRUQRWRPDU GHFLVLRQHVHQWLHPSRUHDO 9LVLyQJOREDOGHXQURERWGHXOWLPDJHQHUDFLyQMDSRQpVFDSD]GHVXELUHVFDOHUDV KDFHUYDULRVPRYLPLHQWRVFRPSOHMRV(VWHMXQWRFRQXQSHUURURERWKDQ VRUSUHQGLGRDOPXQGRHQHOSULPHUVHPHVWUHGH $XGDVHQHOGHVDUUROORGHODUREyWLFD 3HURQRHVVRODPHQWHODFDSDFLGDGGHLQWHJUDFLyQGHFLUFXLWRVHOHFWUyQLFRVOD~QLFDYDULDEOH GH LPSRUWDFLyQ HQ HO HVSHFWDFXODU GHVDUUROOR GH OD UREyWLFDDTXHHOGHVDUUROORFLHQWtILFR HQRWUDVGLVFLSOLQDVKDDSRUWDGRWDPELpQVXGHFLVLYRJUDQRGHDUHQDHO FRQRFLPLHQWR GH ORV PDWHULDOHV KDSRGLGRGLVSRQHUGHHOHPHQWRV PDV DGHFXDGRV ORV DFWXDGRUHV VRQ PiV SHTXHxRV SRWHQWHV SUHFLVRVORVVHQVRUHVVRQPXFKR PiV H[DFWRV ORV PHGLRV GH FRPXQLFDFLyQ PiV ILDEOHV ORV PpWRGRV GH IDEULFDFLyQ PDV VHJXURV VXV HVWUXFWXUDV PDV FRPSOHWDV OD SURJUDPDFLyQ HV PiVVHQFLOODHILFD] 6LVWHPDPHFiQLFRGHXQURERWHVODSDUWHH[WHULRU PiVYLVLEOHGHOFRQMXQWRSHURVRODPHQWHHVXQD GHODVSDUWHVFRQVWLWXWLYDVGHODPiTXLQDFRPR SRGHPRVREVHUYDUHQHVWHHVTXHPD ,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
  • 4. (VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH (VWUXFWXUDGHXQURERW (QWRGRVORVVLVWHPDVDXWRPiWLFRVGHPDQLSXODFLyQGHSLH]DVXREMHWRVSRGHPRVGLVWLQJXLU WUHVSDUWHVHVWUXFWXUDOHVELHQGHILQLGDVTXHSDVDPRVDHVSHFLILFDUEUHYHPHQWH /D SULPHUD HV OD PDTXLQD SURSLDPHQWH GLFKD HV GHFLU WRGR HO VLVWHPD PHFiQLFR TXH OD FRQVWLWXHHQODFXDOGHEHPRVLQFOXLUORVPRWRUHVRDFWXDGRUHVHOVLVWHPDGHDJDUUHR VXMHFLyQGHSLH]DV /RV VHQVRUHV GH IXHU]D GH YLVLyQ GH VRQLGR VRQ HQ WpUPLQRV JHQpULFRV GHWHFWRUHV QHFHVDULRV SDUD TXH OD PiTXLQD WHQJD FRQRFLPLHQWR H[DFWR GH WRGRV ORV SDUiPHWURVTXHQHFHVLWDSDUDXQDFRUUHFWDDFWXDFLyQ (O VLVWHPD GH FRQWURO HO OHQJXDMH GH SURJUDPDFLyQ FRQIRUPDQ OD VHFFLyQ GH WRPD DXWRPiWLFD GH GHFLVLRQHV TXHLQFOXHODSODQLILFDFLyQHOFRQWUROGHPRYLPLHQWRV ODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHORVGDWRVDSRUWDGRVSRUORVVHQVRUHV /DSURJUDPDFLyQGHXQURERWGHEHVHUVHQFLOOD SDUDHOOR VH HPSOHDQ EiVLFDPHQWH GRV PpWRGRV HO DSUHQGL]DMH PDQXDO HQ HO FXDO HO URERW UHSLWH ORV PRYLPLHQWRV HIHFWXDGRV GLUHFWDPHQWH SRU XQD PDQR PDHVWUD ORV JUDED HQ XQD PHPRULD ELHQ GH PDVD ELHQ GH HVWDGR (VQRUPDOHQFRQWUDUURERWVFRQVHLVRPiV VyOLGR UHSLWLpQGRORV D FRQWLQXDFLyQ SURJUDPDFLyQ JUDGRVGHOLEHUWDGWUHVSDUDFRQWURODUOD PHGLDQWHHOXVRGHXQOHQJXDMHGHDOWRQLYHOSDUDORTXH SRVLFLyQHQHOHVSDFLRGHOPDQLSXODGRU DGHPiVGHOFRQWUROGHDSHUWXUDGHODSLQ]D H[LVWHQDFWXDOPHQWHQXPHURVRVOHQJXDMHVFUHDGRVHVSHFtILFDPHQWHSDUDHOFRQWUROGHURERW DXQTXH WDPELpQ SXHGHQ HQSOHDUVH VLVWHPDV PL[WRV (O VLVWHPD GH FRRUGHQDGDV HPSOHDGR SDUD HO FRQWURO GHSHQGH GHO WLSR GH HVWUXFWXUD PHFiQLFD DGRSWDGD HQ OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ GHO PLVPRWDPELpQLQIOXHHOWLSRGHPRYLPLHQWRRGHVSOD]DPLHQWRTXHGHEDUHDOL]DU /DSUHFLVLyQPtQLPDDFHSWDEOHSDUDXQURERWHQPRYLPLHQWRVUHVSHFWLYRVVHKDILMDGRHQ PPDXQTXHDYHFHVUHVXOWHH[FHVLYDGHSHQGLHQGRGHOWLSRGHREMHWRVDPDQLSXODUFRPR SRUHMHPSORODFDUJDGHVDFRVHQXQFDPLyQ3HURWDPELpQH[LVWHQHQHOFRPHUFLRURERWVGH XQDSUHFLVLyQUHSHWLWLYDGHPP RPSRQHQWHVGHORVURERWV 3UHVFLQGLUHPRV GH OD GHVFULSFLyQ GH ORV FRPSRQHQWHV PHFiQLFRV FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH D OD HVWUXFWXUD GH OD PiTXLQD WDOHV FRPR HO KRPEUR HO EUD]R ODV DUWLFXODFLRQHV HWF QRV GHWHQGUHPRVPXEUHYHPHQWHHQORVDFWXDGRUHVKLGUiXOLFRVQHXPiWLFRV 6H GHQRPLQD DFWXDGRU D WRGR HOHPHQWR PRWUL] HV GHFLU JHQHUDGRU GH PRYLPLHQWR VLQ FRQVLGHUDUFXDOVHDODWHFQRORJtDHPSOHDGDSDUDSURGXFLUORRODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHOPLVPR ,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
  • 5. (VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH /D HOHFFLyQ VH UHDOL]DUi WHQLHQGR HQ FXHQWD ODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH OD PiTXLQD HQ RUGHQ D FDSDFLGDGGHFDUJD YHORFLGDGIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHODSUHFLVLyQGHPRYLPLHQWRVUHSHWLWLYRV R UHSHWLYLOLGDG HV PX LPSRUWDQWH DXQTXH HVWD FXDOLGDG VH FRQVLJXH FRQ DXGD GH RWURV FRPSRQHQWHV $FWXDGRUHVKLGUiXOLFRVQHXPiWLFRV (VWH WLSR GH DFWXDGRUHV QR GLILHUHQ GH ORV GHPiV HOHPHQWRV PRWULFHV GH VLPLODUHV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVQRUPDOPHQWHHPSOHDGRVHQODLQGXVWULD /RVKLGUiXOLFRVSRVHHQFRPRSULQFLSDOYHQWDMDXQDQRWDEOHFDSDFLGDGGHFDUJDQRLJXDODGD SRUQLQJ~QRWURVLVWHPDPRWUL]FDSDFHVGHREWHQHUXQDEXHQDSUHFLVLyQFRQXQDYHORFLGDG PiV TXH DFHSWDEOH JR]DQGR DGHPiV GH OD YHQWDMD GH SRVHHU XQ PRYLPLHQWR OLQHDO FRPR HIHFWRGHODLQFRPSUHQVLELOLGDGGHODFHLWH /RV DFWXDGRUHV QHXPiWLFRV VRQ PX UiSLGRV SHUR VX FRQWURO SUHVHQWD ORV SUREOHPDV LQKHUHQWHVGHODFRPSUHVLELOLGDGGHOIOXLGRPRWUL]JDVSRUORWDQWRORVPRYLPLHQWRVQR VRQOLQHDOHV /DSULQFLSDOGHVYHQWDMDGHHVWRVDFWXDGRUHVUDGLFDHQTXHVLHPSUHGHEHQLUDFRPSDxDGRVGH VXVSURSLDVIXHQWHGHHQHUJtDORTXHFRQOOHYDODRFXSDFLyQItVLFDGHXQJUDQYROXPHQXQ LQFUHPHQWRGHORVFRVWRVGHULYDGRVGHHOORGHOWLHPSRDGLFLRQDOQHFHVDULRSDUDHOFiOFXOR GHpVWRV $FWXDGRUHVHOpFWULFRV (Q JHQHUDO ORV DFWXDGRUHV HOpFWULFRV VRQ PRWRUHV GH FRUULHQWH FRQWLQXD SXHVWR TXH SHUPLWHQ YDULDU VX YHORFLGDG GH JLUR IiFLOPHQWH FRQ JUDQ HILFLHQFLD DO WLHPSR TXH VH FDUDFWHUL]DQSRUWHQHUHOHYDGRSDUGHDUUDQTXHVXYHORFLGDGSXHGHUHJXODUVHSDUWLHQGRGH FHURSUiFWLFDPHQWHHQWRGRHOPDUJHQGHUHYROXFLRQHV/RVFLUFXLWRVGHFRQWUROGHHVWHWLSR GHPRWRUHVVRQWDPELpQORVKDELWXDOHVHQODLQGXVWULDSRUORTXHVRQPXFRQRFLGRV 3DUD SRWHQFLDV LJXDOHV R PHQRUHV GH XQ FDEDOOR 9
  • 6. VXHOHQ HPSOHDUVH RWUR WLSR GH PRWRUHV HOpFWULFRV GHQRPLQDGRV 0RWRUHV SDVR D SDVR TXH VRQ WDPELpQ PRWRUHV GH FRUULHQWH FRQWLQXD SHUR TXH IXQFLRQDQ SRU SXOVRV FRUUHVSRQGLHQGR D FDGD SXOVR XQ SDVR GHO JLUR GHO PRWRU JHQHUDOPHQWH GH ƒ OR TXH SHUPLWH FRQRFHU D FDGD LQVWDQWH OD SRVLFLyQ GHO HMH VLQ QHFHVLGDG GH FRQWURODGRUHV GH UHDOLPHQWDFLyQ H[WHUQRV WDOHV FRPR GtQDPRV WDFRPpWULFDV X RWURV GLVSRVLWLYRV ySWLFRV R PHFiQLFRV /D UHODFLyQ SDUYHORFLGDG GH HVWRV PRWRUHV HV WDPELpQ DFHSWDEOH SRU OR TXH VH HPSOHDQ KDELWXDOPHQWH HQ URERW GH EDMDSRWHQFLDHGXFDWLYRV ,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
  • 7. (VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH /DDOLPHQWDFLyQGHORVPRWRUHVSDVRDSDVRHQPRGRELSRODUVH HIHFW~DFRQPXWDQGRODVERERQDVHQHORUGHQDQWHULRUPHQWH LQGLFDGRPHGLDQWHHOHPSOHRGHWUDQVLVWRUHVGHFRQPXWDFLyQ GLVSXHVWRVVHJ~QVHLQGLFDHQODILJXUD 0RWRUHVSDVRDSDVR *HQHUDOPHQWH ORV PRWRUHV SDVR D SDVR PDV HPSOHDGRV VRQ ORV KtEULGRV HQ ORV FXDOHV HO ERELQDGR FRQVWD GH GRV ERELQDV D ODV TXH VH OHV KD H[WUDtGR XQD WRPD LQWHUPHGLD GH FRUULHQWHFRQHOILQGHDSURYHFKDUtQWHJUDPHQWHHOIOXMRPDJQpWLFRSRUORTXHKDSHVDUGH VHU UHDOPHQWH PRWRUHV ELIiVLFRV VH OODPDQ GH FXDWUR IDVHV (O IXQFLRQDPLHQWR GH HVWRV PRWRUHVGHEHUHDOL]DUVHFRQPXWDQGRVLHPSUHODFRUULHQWHHQXQRUGHQGHWHUPLQDGRTXHVH SXHGHHIHFWXDUGHGRVPDQHUDVSDVRFRPSOHWRRPHGLRSDVRHOSDVRFRPSOHWRUHTXLHUHXQD VXFHVLyQGHFXDWURFRQPXWDFLRQHVHOSDVRPHGLRGHRFKRFRQPXWDFLRQHVHORUGHQHQTXH VHHIHFW~DQHVWDVGHWHUPLQDUiHOVHQWLGRGHJLURGHOPRWRU3DUDFRQWURODUXQPRWRUGHHVWH WLSRVHQHFHVLWDSRUORWDQWRXQDIXHQWHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQUHDOL]DGDFRQFLUFXLWRVOyJLFRVD VHDHQWHFQRORJtD77/D9R026D9HQWDQWRTXHODH[FLWDFLyQGHODVERELQDVVH UHDOL]DUiFRQRWUDIXHQWHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQFXDWHQVLyQGHSHQGHGHODSRWHQFLDQHFHVDULD ODWHFQRORJtDHVFRJLGDHQWUH9FF (OFLUFXLWRGHFRQPXWDFLyQGHODVIDVHVUHFLEHHOQRPEUHGHXQLGDGGHPDQGRGHOPRWRU SDVRDSDVR3DUDPRWRUHVGHEDMDSRWHQFLDFXDDOLPHQWDFLyQHVWDFRPSUHQGLGDHQWUH 9H[LVWHQHQHOFRPHUFLRFLUFXLWRVLQWHJUDGRVHVSHFLDOPHQWHGLVHxDGRVTXHFRQWLHQHQHQ VXLQWHULRUWRGDODFLUFXLWHULDQHFHVDULDLQFOXLGDODHWDSDGHSRWHQFLDSDUDKDFHUORIXQFLRQDU FRQ SUHFLVLyQ HPSOHDQGR GLIHUHQWHV WpFQLFDV GH FRQWURO FDGD XQR GH HOORV 6LQ HPEDUJR SDUDSRWHQFLDVVXSHULRUHVKDVWD.:
  • 8. HOFRQWUROGHEHGLVHxDUVHHPSOHDQGRFRPSRQHQWHV GLVFUHWRV GH SRWHQFLD VXILFLHQWH (O FiOFXOR GH HVWH FLUFXLWR LQIOXH GHFLVLYDPHQWH HQ ODV FXDOLGDGHVGHOPRWRU $OLPHQWDFLyQGHORVPRWRUHVSDVRDSDVR 3DUD PRWRUHV SHTXHxRV R FRQ UHGXFLGD YHORFLGDG GH WUDEDMR GH HPSOHDQ FLUFXLWRV GH FRQPXWDFLyQ VXFHVLYDFRQ FXDWUR WUDQVLVWRUHV XQR SRU IDVH (VWH FLUFXLWR HV PXVHQFLOOR GHUHDOL]DUSHURWLHQHHOGHIHFWRGHGHVDSURYHFKDUODERELQDTXHHVWiHQRSRVLFLyQDOSDVR SRU OR TXH HO SDU REWHQLGR FRQ HVWH PpWRGR GH FRQPXWDFLyQ HV EDMR 3DUD PHMRUDU OD UHVSXHVWD GHO PRWRU D XQD GHWHUPLQDGD YHORFLGDG GH URWDFLyQ VH DFRSODQ FRQGHQVDGRUHV ,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
  • 9. (VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH HQWUH GRV EDVHV FRQVHFXWLYDV (O YDORU GH HVWH FRPSRQHQWH VH FDOFXOD HPStULFDPHQWH YLHQH SUHILMDGR SRU HO IDEULFDQWH GHO PRWRUSDUDOD YHORFLGDG QRPLQDOSDUD FXDOTXLHURWUD YHORFLGDGKDTXHYROYHUDFDOFXODUOR 3DUD DSURYHFKDU PHMRU HO SDU PRWRU VH HPSOHD JHQHUDOPHQWH OD WpFQLFD GHO PRQWDMH HQ SXHQWHHQHOFXDOFXDWURWUDQVLVWRUHVFRQPXWDQGRGRVDGRVGHWHUPLQDQHOVHQWLGRGHSDVR GH OD FRUULHQWH HOpFWULFD SRU ODV ERELQDV GHO PRWRU (VWH PRQWDMH TXH SUHFLVD GH FXDWUR WUDQVLVWRUHV SRU ERELQD DSURYHFKD DO Pi[LPR HO SDU SHUR FRQVXPH PXFKtVLPD FRUULHQWH 3DUDOLPLWDUHQORSRVLEOHHVWHHIHFWRLQGHVHDGRVHKDFHWUDEDMDUHOPRWRUFRQGRVWHQVLRQHV GLIHUHQWHV GH DOLPHQWDFLyQ KDFLHQGR DUUDQFDU DO PRWRUFRQ DOWD WHQVLyQ XQD YH]TXH KD UHDOL]DGRHODUUDQTXHVHUHGXFHODWHQVLyQGHH[FLWDFLyQFRQPXWDQGRFRQXQWUDQVLVWRUHQHO SXQWRFRP~QGHOSXHQWH 0HPRULDVGLJLWDOHV 8QDPHPRULDGLJLWDOHVDTXHOODTXH SHUPLWHDOPDFHQDUXQGDWRGHXQVLVWHPDGLJLWDO(VWRV GDWRVVRQFHURVXQRVOyJLFRVRORTXHHVORPLVPRHOUHVXOWDGRGHOHHUHVFULELUHVWDGRV EDMRVRDOWRVGHWHQVLyQ /D PHPRULD HQ XQ SURFHVDGRU HV OD UHVSRQVDEOH GHO SUHFLR YHORFLGDG GH SURFHVR OD ILDELOLGDG GHO RUGHQDGRU 'HVGH OD XWLOL]DFLyQ GH ORV SULPHURV EDQFRV GH PHPRULD KDVWD DKRUD QR KDQ SDVDGR WDQWRV DxRV FRPR SDUHFH XQ SDU GpFDGDV SDUD TXH HO QLYHO GH LQWHJUDFLyQ KDD FDPELDGR GH WDO IRUPD TXH VH SXHGHQ DOPDFHQDU JUDQGHV FDQWLGDGHV GH GDWRVHQHVSDFLRVUHODWLYDPHQWHUHGXFLGRV ODVLILFDFLyQGHODVPHPRULDV /DVPHPRULDVODVSRGHPRVGLYLGLUHQGLIHUHQWHVPRGRV3RUVXVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVYHORFLGDG FRQVXPR GH SRWHQFLD FRVWR HWF 3RU HO WLSR GH VRSRUWH XWLOL]DGR VHPLFRQGXFWRUHV R WLSR PDJQpWLFR /D PHPRULD SULQFLSDO GH XQ RUGHQDGRU TXH HV HO FHUHEUR GHO URERW
  • 10. HV GHO WLSR VHPLFRQGXFWRU3DUDDOPDFHQDUGDWRVPDVLYRVDODUJRSOD]RVHXWLOL]DQPHPRULDVGHVRSRUWH PDJQpWLFR GLVFRV FLQWDV HWF /DV PHPRULDV GH VHPLFRQGXFWRUHV ODV SRGHPRV GLYLGLU HQ GRVJUXSRVYROiWLOHVQRYROiWLOHV/RVGDWRVGHSRVLWDGRVHQXQDPHPRULDYROiWLOHVWRHV VL QR VH WRPDQ PHGLGDV SDUD HYLWDUOR ORV GDWRV 'HVDSDUHFHQ DO FRUWDU OD DOLPHQWDFLyQ 5$0
  • 11. 1RRFXUUHDVtFRQODVPHPRULDVQRYROiWLOHVRGHDOPDFHQDPLHQWRSHUPDQHQWH6LQ HPEDUJR QR VH SXHGH HVFULELU ERUUDU HQ HOODV FRQ OD PLVPD IDFLOLGDG (Q UHDOLGDG FDVL WRGDVODVPHPRULDVVRQGHOHFWXUDSRUHOORUHFLEHQHOQRPEUHGHPHPRULDVSHUPDQHQWHV GHOHFWXUDVRODPHQWH520
  • 12. (QWRGRFDVRODPDWUL]GHPHPRULDHVWiIRUPDGDSRUWDQWDVFpOXODVFRPRFDSDFLGDGWHQJD OD PHPRULD (Q FDGD XQD GH HVWDV FpOXODV VH JXDUGD R DOPDFHQD XQ ELW (VWDV VHUiQ VHOHFFLRQDGDV SRU XQD OtQHD GH ILODV RWUDV GH FROXPQDV /D LQWHUVHFFLyQ HQWUH DPEDV ,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
  • 13. (VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH GHWHUPLQDUi OD FpOXOD HQ FRQFUHWR TXH SUHWHQGHPRV OHHU R HVFULELU /RV GDWRV GH ILODV FROXPQDVVHREWLHQHQSRUGHFRGLILFDGRUHVGHODPHPRULD7RGDODLQIRUPDFLyQTXHQHFHVLWD HVDSRUWDGDSRUHOFDQDOGHGLVWULEXFLyQGHGLUHFFLRQHVTXHVXPLQLVWUDHOSURFHVDGRU (QHVWHFRQMXQWRGHPHPRULDVYHPRVHODVSHFWRItVLFRGHYDULDV XQDGHHOODVGHVSXpVGHSDVDUSRUHOTXLUyIDQR /DV PHPRULDV VH FRQRFHQ R GHQRPLQDQ FRPR 5$0 520 3520 (3520 ((3520 ($520TXHVRQPXFRPXQHVWDQWRHQODFRPSXWDFLyQFRPRHQODLQWHOLJHQFLDDUWLILFLDO $
  • 14. 5$0 0HPRULD GH DOPDFHQDPLHQWR WHPSRUDO GH DFFHVR GLUHFWR 5DQGRP $FFHVV PHPRU
  • 15. %
  • 18. (VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH 9LVLyQDUWLILFLDOGHORVURERWV (Q HO FDVR KXPDQR OD SHUFHSFLyQ YLVXDO HV XQ SURFHVR HQRUPHPHQWH FRPSOHMR HQ HO TXH HVWiQ LQYROXFUDGRV IHQyPHQRV PX GLYHUVRV /D YLVLyQ HQ HO KRPEUH WRPD HQ FRQVLGHUDFLyQ SDUiPHWURV FRPR SXHGHQ VHU ODWH[WXUDODGLVWDQFLDODIRUPDHOFRORUOD OXPLQRVLGDG $OJXQRV GH HVWRV SDUiPHWURV ORVFRPELQDPRVFRQRWURVVHQWLGRV ,QFOXVR WRGD HVWD LQIRUPDFLyQ UHFDEDGD HV LQVXILFLHQWH HQ RFDVLRQHV SDUD SRGHU UHFRQRFHU REMHWRV SXHVWR TXH KHPRV GH XWLOL]DUOD FRQMXQWDPHQWH FRQ DQWHULRUHV H[SHULHQFLDV YLVXDOHV GHO PLVPR REMHWR X RWURVVHPHMDQWHV 3RURWURODGRHODQiOLVLVGH ODVLPiJHQHVVHYHHQWRUSHFLGRSRUIDFWRUHVTXHVRQLQHYLWDEOHV SXHVWRTXHHVWiQDVRFLDGRVDOPLVPRFRQFHSWRGHORTXHHVODLPDJHQ3RQJDPRVSRUFDVR HOWLSRGHLOXPLQDFLyQODVRFOXVLRQHVHQWUHREMHWRVODVVRPEUDVODSHUVSHFWLYDHWF 6LVWHPDGHYLVLyQ 8Q VLVWHPD GH YLVLyQ GHEH FRQVWDU EiVLFDPHQWH GH ODV VLJXLHQWHV SDUWHV $ 6HQVRUTXHFDSWDODLPDJHQ % ,QWHUID]GHDGDSWDFLyQGHODV VHxDOHV SDUD TXH SXHGDQ VHU SURFHVDGDV 6HOHFFLyQ GH OD LQIRUPDFLyQ ~WLO 3URFHVDPLHQWRGHODPLVPD RPSDUDFLyQHQWUHHOVLVWHPDGHYLVLyQGHOKRPEUHHOXWLOL]DGRSRUORVURERWV SDUDFDSWDFLyQGHLPiJHQHV 2EVHUYDPRV TXH HQ HVHQFLD HO SURFHVR FRPSOHWR LPSOLFD XQD FDSWDFLyQ XQ SRVWHULRU WUDWDPLHQWRGHODLQIRUPDFLyQREWHQLGD (QHOFDVRGHOKRPEUHODSULPHUDIDVHODUHDOL]DHORMRODVHJXQGDHOFHUHEURPLHQWUDVTXH HQORVURERWVODFDSWDFLyQVHFRQVLJXHSRUPHGLRGHXQDFiPDUDHOSURFHVDQGRFRPSHWHD XQFRPSXWDGRUWUDEDMDQGR HQWLHPSRUHDO ,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
  • 19. (VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH ([LVWH XQD LPSRUWDQWH DQDORJtD HQWUH XQD FiPDUD HO RMR KXPDQR 0LHQWUDV TXH HQ OD FiPDUDODFDSWDFLyQGHODLPDJHQVHUHDOL]DSRUPHGLRGHXQRVVHQVRUHVIRWRYROWDLFRVHQHO RMRWHQHPRVODVFpOXODVVHQVRULDOHVXELFDGDVHQHOWDSL]DGRLQWHULRUGHQRPLQDGRUHWLQD /RVEDVWRQHVORVFRQRVVRQODVFpOXODVGHODUHWLQDVHQVLEOHVDODOX]/RVFRQRVSURFXUDQ OD YLVLyQ FURPiWLFD SHUR QR VRQ WDQ VHQVLEOHV D OD OX] FRPR ORV EDVWRQHV FRQ ORV TXH VH REWLHQHODYLVLyQHQEODQFRQHJUR /RV FRQRV DO LJXDO TXH ORVSXQWRV GH OD SDQWDOOD GH ODVFiPDUDV VRQ GH WUHVFODVHV DGD WLSR GH FRQRV FDSWD XQ VHFWRU GH OD HVFDOD FURPiWLFD (Q OD UHWLQD H[LVWH XQD ]RQD GHQRPLQDGD PDQFKDDPDULOOD HQ OD TXH OD YLVLyQ FURPiWLFDGHGHWDOOHHVPiVSHUIHFWD FRQWLHQH QXPHURVRV FRQRV HVFDVRV EDVWRQHV SRU OR TXH QR VH YH FRQ QLWLGH] HQ OD REVFXULGDG $SHVDUGHODVHPHMDQ]DODFRPSOHMLGDGGHODHVWUXFWXUDGHODUHWLQDGHVERUGDDPSOLDPHQWH ORVGLVHxRVPiVHODERUDGRVGHFiPDUDVHOHFWUyQLFDV)LMpPRQRVSRUHMHPSORTXHHQHOFDVR GH OD UHWLQDFDGD FRQR FDGD EDVWyQ QR DFW~D GH IRUPD LQGHSHQGLHQWH FRQ UHVSHFWR D ORV EDVWRQHV FRQRV FRQWLJXRV VLQR TXH HQWUH HOORV H[LVWH XQ VLVWHPD GH FRPXQLFDFLyQ TXH DFHQW~DHOFRQWUDVWHHQWUHODVGLVWLQWDVSDUWHVGHODLPDJHQ (O HQIRTXH HQ HO RMR VH REWLHQH FDPELDQGR OD IRUPD GHO FULVWDOLQR SRU HOOR OD GLVWDQFLD IRFDO(VWDVHUHJXODPHGLDQWHXQP~VFXORDQXODUOODPDGRLOLDUTXHDOFRQWUDHUVHKDFHTXH HO FULVWDOLQR VH HQJUXHVH DO UHODMDUVH VH HVWUHFKH (O HQIRTXH HQ ODV FiPDUDV VH UHDOL]D YDULDQGRODGLVWDQFLDGHODOHQWHFRQHOREMHWR $XQTXHHVPXFKRORTXHTXHGDSRUUHFRUUHUHQHOSHUIHFFLRQDPLHQWRGHODFDSWDFLyQGHOD LPDJHQ SRU VLVWHPDV DUWLILFLDOHV ODV FiPDUDV DFWXDOHV FRQVLJXHQ FDGD YH] PDV GHWDOOHV FDOLGDGFRQPHQRVHVSDFLR(VWDVVRQODVPiVXVDGDVHQODUREyWLFD D iPDUDVGHHVWDGRVyOLGRFRQVWLWXLGDVSRUXQFRQMXQWRGHFRQGHQVDGRUHVTXH KDFHQODIXQFLyQGHVHQVRUHVIRWRVHQVLEOHVGLVSXHVWRVHQHVWUXFWXUDPDWULFLDO 7LHQHQUHGXFLGRWDPDxRSHVRDVtFRPRUHVLVWHQFLDDFRQGLFLRQHVDGYHUVDV E 7XER YLGLFyQ FRQVLVWHQWH HQ XQD DPSROOD GH YLGULR TXH FRQWLHQH OD SDUWH IRWRVHQVLEOH ODV ERELQDV GH HQIRTXH GHIOHFFLRQ SDUD HO PXHVWUHR GH OD LPDJHQFDSWDGDGHVGHHOH[WHULRU(VGHPDRUHVGLPHQVLRQHVSHVRTXHODV FiPDUDVGHHVWDGRVyOLGR ,QWHUID] /D FiPDUD VXPLQLVWUD OD LPDJHQ FDSWDGD SRU PHGLR GH XQD VHxDO DQDOyJLFD SRU OR TXH HV QHFHVDULR XQ LQWHUID] TXH SURSRUFLRQH DO FRPSXWDGRU OD LQIRUPDFLyQ GLJLWDOL]DGD RUJDQL]DGD/DPLVLyQSRUORWDQWRHVJXDUGDUOD LPDJHQHQXQDPHPRULD5$0GLVSRQLEOH SDUDTXHHOFRPSXWDGRUKDJDXVRGHHOODHQHOSURFHVDPLHQWR (O IXQFLRQDPLHQWR SRGUtD FRQVLVWLU EiVLFDPHQWH HQ HO FRPSXWDGRU JHQHUDUi XQD VHxDO LQGLFDQGRDOLQWHUID]TXHUHDOLFHODFRQYHUVLyQDGLJLWDOGHOFXDGURSURFHGHQWHGHODFiPDUD ,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
  • 20. (VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH UHDOL]DGDODFRQYHUVLyQHOLQWHUID]ORFRPXQLFDSRUPHGLRGHXQDVDOLGD3DUDODOHFWXUDGH OD LQIRUPDFLyQ DOPDFHQDGD HQ OD 5$0 GH OD LQWHUID] HO FRPSXWDGRU JHQHUD XQ WUHQ GH LPSXOVRVTXHVLQFURQL]DODOHFWXUDGHFDGDSRVLFLyQDWUDYpVGHXQDEDVHGHGDWRV (MHPSORGHXQLQWHUID]HQWUHODFiPDUDXQ RUGHQDGRU 3URFHVDQGRODLQIRUPDFLyQ /DSDUWHPiVGLItFLOFULWLFDGHODYLVLyQDUWLILFLDOODFRQVWLWXHHOVLVWHPDGHSURFHVDGR 6HUHTXLHUHQSRWHQWHVFRPSXWDGRUHVSDUDWUDWDUXQDFDQWLGDGGHLQIRUPDFLyQWDQJUDQGHHQ WLHPSRVWDQSHTXHxRV(QUREyWLFDODVLPiJHQHVKDTXHSURFHVDUODVHQWLHPSRUHDOHVWR LPSOLFDVLVWHPDVPXGHSXUDGRVFRPSXWDGRUHVPXUiSLGRV /RV SURJUDPDV QHFHVDULRV VRQ PX FRPSOHMRV SXHVWR TXH DGHPiV GH OD LQIRUPDFLyQ GLUHFWDKDTXHSURFHVDURWUDVIXHQWHVGHGDWRVWDQFRPSOHMRVFRPRORVSURFHGHQWHVGHOD H[SHULHQFLD PHPRUL]DGD HO FRQWH[WR JHQHUDO HWF 3HQVHPRV HQ FXDOHV VHUtDQ ODV RSHUDFLRQHVEiVLFDVTXHGHEHUtDUHDOL]DUXQSURJUDPDGHSURFHVDGRGHLPDJHQ D ([SORUDFLyQ GH OD PHPRULD WUDQVIHULGD GHO LQWHUID] SDUD GLVWLQJXLU HO IRQGR GH ODV ILJXUDV E 5HFRQRFLPLHQWR GH ORV FRQWRUQRV iQJXORV GH ODV ILJXUDV SDUD GLVFHUQLU VREUH VX IRUPD F iOFXORGHOSHUtPHWURGHOiUHDGHODVILJXUDVUHFRQRFLGDVSDUDVDEHUVXWDPDxR G 5HFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODSRVLFLyQRULHQWDFLyQGHODVILJXUDV /RV SURJUDPDV UHVXOWDQ PiV FRPSOHMRV FRPR HO PRYLPLHQWR GH ORV REMHWRV HO TXH XQRV RFXOWDQSDUFLDOPHQWHDRWURVTXHSXHGHYDULDUVXRULHQWDFLyQHWF ,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
  • 21. (VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH 7UDWDPLHQWRHQIUHFXHQFLD 8QDVSHFWRPXLPSRUWDQWHGHOSURFHVRFRQVLVWHHQHOHVWXGLRGHODVIUHFXHQFLDVHVSDFLDOHV GHODVLPiJHQHVHVGHFLUGHWHUPLQDUFXDOHVVRQODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVTXHVHUHSLWHQHQDOJXQD GLUHFFLyQGHOSODQRGHODLPiJHQHVFRQTXpIUHFXHQFLD 3DUDUHDOL]DUHVWHHVWXGLRHVQHFHVDULRXQFiOFXORTXHLPSOLFDODWRWDOLGDGGHODLQIRUPDFLyQ GLJLWDOL]DGDGHQRPLQDGRWUDQVIRUPDGDUiSLGDGH)RXULHUELGLPHQFLRQDO TXH GDFRPR UHVXOWDGRHOSODQRGHODLPDJHQHQHOGRPLQLRGHODIUHFXHQFLD (OHVWXGLRIUHFXHQFLDOSHUPLWHGHWHFWDUHQWUDPDGRVWH[WXUDVOtQHDVUHSHWLGDVHWF/DIRUPD GHODLPDJHQHQHOGRPLQLRGHODIUHFXHQFLDUHYHODHVWRVDVSHFWRVFRQPXFKDPiVIDFLOLGDG TXHVLODH[SORUDFLyQVHUHDOL]DVHGLUHFWDPHQWHVREUHODLPDJHQUHDO 6tQWHVLVGHYR] 8QDIDFHWDGHJUDQLPSRUWDQFLDHQORVURERWVHVODSRVLELOLGDGGHHVWDEOHFHUFRPXQLFDFLyQ FRQ VX HQWRUQR $ VHPHMDQ]D FRQ HO KRPEUH D ORV URERWV VH OHV LQWHQWD FDSDFLWDU SDUD WUDQVPLWLULQIRUPDFLyQSRUPHGLRGHOVRQLGRDVtFRPRSDUDHQWHQGHUODYR]KXPDQD (ODSDUDWRIRQDGRUGHOKRPEUHFRQVWLWXHXQLQVWUXPHQWRLQJHQLRVDPHQWHGRWDGRGRQGHHO VRQLGRVHUHSURGXFHDFRQVHFXHQFLDGHODVYLEUDFLRQHVGHODVFXHUGDVYRFDOHVVLWXDGDVHQOD ODULQJH/DVFDYLGDGHVEXFDOQDVDODFW~DQDPDQHUDGHFDMDVGHUHVRQDQFLDTXHDFHQW~DQR DPRUWLJXDQORVVRQLGRVVHJ~QVHPRGLILTXHODIRUPDWDPDxRGHGLFKDVFDYLGDGHV/DFDMD WRUiFLFDSRUHOFRQWUDULRQRMXHJDQLQJ~QSDSHOHQFXDQWR DOVRQLGR (O UHVXOWDGR HV OD YR] KXPDQD XQ VRQLGR FRQ XQDV SDUWLFXODUHV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH WRQR YROXPHQ WLPEUH (VWDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV ILVLROyJLFDV WLHQHQ XQDV FRUUHVSRQGHQFLDV FRQ FRQFHSWRVItVLFRVGHODRQGDVRQRUDFRPRVRQIUHFXHQFLDLQWHQVLGDGIRUPDGHRQGD )XQGDPHQWRVGHORVVLQWHWL]DGRUHVGHYR] /D FXHVWLyQ PiV LPSRUWDQWH HQ ORV VLQWHWL]DGRUHV GH YR] HV OD FRGLILFDFLyQ GLJLWDO GHO VRQLGR +D TXH WHQHU HQ FXHQWD TXH OD UHSURGXFFLyQ VHUi HOHFWUyQLFD SRU OR TXH GLVSRQGUHPRV GH HOHPHQWRV PHFiQLFRV TXH QRV SHUPLWDQ UHSURGXFLU OD YR] FRQ VXV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH WRQR YROXPHQ WLPEUH 3RU HVWH PRWLYR HO VLQWHWL]DGRU GH YR] GHEH UHFXSHUDU GH XQD PHPRULD GLJLWDO ORV GDWRV TXH OH SHUPLWDQ UHSURGXFLU VRQLGRV DXGLEOHVH LQWHOLJLEOHVSDUDHOKRPEUH ,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
  • 22. (VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH (QHOHVTXHPDEiVLFRGHXQVLQWHWL]DGRUGHYR]IRUPDSDUWHPXLPSRUWDQWHODPHPRULDGH FyGLJRV (O VLQWHWL]DGRU VyOR UHSURGXFLUi VRQLGRV TXH DQWHV KDDQ VLGR FRGLILFDGRV /D FRPELQDFLyQ GH VRQLGRV SDUD IRUPDU SDODEUDV R IUDVHV VH OD LQGLFDUD HO PLFURSURFHVDGRU PLHQWUDV TXH HO VLQWHWL]DGRU REWHQGUi ORV FyGLJRV DSURSLDGRV SDUD OD SRVWHULRU WUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHODVHxDOGLJLWDODXQDDQDOyJLFDTXHSXHGDDFWXDUVREUHXQDOWDYR] 6LVWHPDVGHFRGLILFDFLyQGHOVRQLGR (O IXQFLRQDPLHQWR GHO VLQWHWL]DGRU HVWi FRQGLFLRQDGR DO VLVWHPD TXH XWLOLFH HQ OD FRGLILFDFLyQGHOVRQLGR([LVWHQGRVPpWRGRV D /RVTXHFRGLILFDQGLUHFWDRLQGLUHFWDPHQWHODIRUPDGHVHxDODXGLEOH E /RV TXH FRGLILFDQ GHWHUPLQDGRV SDUiPHWURV GH OD VHxDO FRPR SXHGDQ VHU WRQR YROXPHQDUPyQLFRV 6LVWHPDVGHDSUHQGL]DMH 8Q DVSHFWR LPSRUWDQWH GH OD VtQWHVLV GH YR] HV OD FDSDFLGDG SDUD TXH HO URERW DSUHQGD D GHFLUIRQHPDVRSDODEUDVTXHQRHVWiQDOPDFHQDGRVHQVXVPHPRULDV (OSUREOHPDIXQGDPHQWDOGHODSUHQGL]DMHHVWiHQTXHVHQHFHVLWDUHVROYHURWURWRGDYtDPiV GLItFLOFRPRHVHOGHUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHOVRQLGR(QHOVXSXHVWRGHTXHHOURERWVHDFDSD] GHHOORHOSURFHVRGHDSUHQGL]DMHFRQVLVWLUtDEiVLFDPHQWHHQORVLJXLHQWH B3DUDGHWHFWDUTXHXQDSDODEUDHVQXHYDWLHQHTXHUHDOL]DUXQDE~VTXHGDHQPHPRULDRPR GHDQWHPDQRQRVDEHVLORHVRQRHVDE~VTXHGDGHEHUHDOL]DUVHFRQWRGDVODVSDODEUDVTXH HVFXFKD B(QHOFDVRGHGHWHFWDUTXHQRODWHQtDDOPDFHQDGDSHGLUiTXHVHOHGHOHWUHHGLFKDSDODEUD 'HVSXpV GH UHFRQRFHU FDGD XQD GH ODV OHWUDV GH TXH FRQVWD FRGLILFDUi HO VRQLGR GH GLFKD SDODEUD OD DOPDFHQDUi HQ OD PHPRULD $GHPiV GH ODV GLILFXOWDGHV D SODQWHDGDV HO DSUHQGL]DMHLPSOLFDWLHPSRVJUDQGHVGHE~VTXHGDHQPHPRULDXVRGHPHPRULDHQODVTXH ,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
  • 23. (VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH ODHVFULWXUDSXHGDUHDOL]DUVHGHIRUPDVHQFLOODQRSLHUGDQVXFRQWHQLGRFXDQGRVHOHVTXLWD ODDOLPHQWDFLyQ RQWUROGHYHORFLGDGHQXQURERW (Q XQ URERW GH 1 JUDGRV GH OLEHUWDG OD FDSWXUDGH OD SLH]D DPDQLSXODUSUHVHQWDHOGREOH SUREOHPDGHFRQRFHUSRUXQODGRODXELFDFLyQGHGLFKRHOHPHQWRHQHOHVSDFLRSRURWUR HOSRVLFLRQDPLHQWRH[DFWRGHODJDUUDPDQRRFDEH]DOGHVWLQDGRDDSUHKHQGHUOD /D FRPSOHMLGDG GHO VLVWHPD HV WDQWR PDRU HV VX JUDGR GH OLEHUWDG HVSHFLDOPHQWH SRU OD FDQWLGDG GH LQIRUPDFLyQ TXH KD TXH WUDWDU HQ WLHPSR UHDO (OOR LPSOLFD HO HPSOHR GH RUGHQDGRUHV HVSHFLDOPHQWH GLVHxDGRV SDUD HOOR HQ DTXHOORV FDVRV HQ TXH OD YHORFLGDG GH PRYLPLHQWRHVFUtWLFDODFDQWLGDGGHODLQIRUPDFLyQDWUDWDUHVQXPHURVDDXQTXHHOXVRGH FLUFXLWRVDQDOyJLFRVSURSRUFLRQDUtDPDRUYHORFLGDGDOVLVWHPDODSURJUDPDFLyQVHUtDPiV GLItFLOHOFRVWHPDRUDLJXDOGHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV (OSRVLFLRQDPLHQWRGHODJDUUDVHGHWHUPLQDPHGLDQWHVHQVRUHVDGHFXDGRVJHQHUDOPHQWHGH YHORFLGDG R GH SRVLFLyQ DFWXDQGR HQ DOJXQDV RFDVLRQHV LQPHGLDWDPHQWH HQ RWUDV HQ FRQMXQFLyQXDQGRODYHORFLGDGGHOWLHPSRQRVSURSRUFLRQDWRGDODLQIRUPDFLyQQHFHVDULD SDUD FRQRFHU HO GHVSOD]DPLHQWR UHDOL]DGR 3HUR HQ ORV FDVRV QRUPDOHV HQ ORV TXH OD YHORFLGDG GH UpJLPHQ VH XVDQ VHQVRUHV GH SRVLFLyQ ELHQ DQDOyJLFRV ELHQ GLJLWDOHV TXH SURSRUFLRQD DO VLVWHPD GH FRQWURO ODV LQGLFDFLRQHVSUHFLVDVSDUD FDOFXODUOD SRVLFLyQ GH OD JDUUD HQ FRQVHFXHQFLD HO GHVSOD]DPLHQWR QHFHVDULR SDUD OOHYDUOD DO SXQWR GH GHVWLQR HOHJLGR ,QGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWH GHO RUGHQDGRU GH FRQWURO SRU FRQVLJXLHQWH GH VXV SURJUDPDV ORV FXDOHV VH GHVWLQDQ D ODV IXQFLRQHV GH PDRU FRPSOHMLGDG ORV VLVWHPDV TXH GHEHQ HPSOHDUVH HQ FDGD DFWXDGRU XWLOL]DGR SRU HO URERW VRQ ORV GH FRQWURO UHDOLPHQWDGR *HQHUDOPHQWH HO RUGHQDGRU WUDQVPLWH XQD RUGHQ GH SRVLFLRQDPLHQWR SDUD FDGD DFWXDGRU VRODPHQWH UHFLEH OD VHxDO GH SRVLFLRQDGR FRUUHFWR FXDQGR pVWH D VH KD UHDOL]DGR GH HVWDIRUPDVHGLVPLQXHQRWDEOHPHQWHHO $FHOHUyPHWURRWUDQVGXFWRUGHYHORFLGDGHVWHFLUFXLWRHVWDEDVDGR HQODVFXDOLGDGHVSLH]RHOpFWULFDVGHDOJXQRVPDWHULDOHV WLHPSRGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHHVWDVHFFLyQGHODPDTXLQDSXGLHQGRHPSOHDUVHSDUDHMHFXWDU RWUDV yUGHQHV SHQGLHQWHV R FRPSOHWDU FiOFXORV QR ILQDOL]DGRV DFHOHUDQGR HQ VXPD OD YHORFLGDGGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOFRQMXQWR ,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
  • 24. (VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH (OFRQWUROGHORVPRWRUHV $XQTXHORVPRWRUHVSDVRDSDVRYLVWRVDQWHULRUPHQWHUHSUHVHQWDQXQJUDQDYDQFHHQHVWH FDPSR SRU FXDQWR QR HV SUHFLVR FRQWURODUORV FRQ XQ VLVWHPD HQ EXFOH FHUUDGR VRQ JHQHUDOPHQWH FRVWRVRV VX SRWHQFLD HV WDPELpQ OLPLWDGD SRU OR TXH VH HPSOHDQ PX IUHFXHQWHPHQWH RWURV WLSRV GH PRWRUHV HOpFWULFRV WDQWR GH FRUULHQWH DOWHUQD FRPR GH FRUULHQWHFRQWLQXD (O FRQWURO SDUYHORFLGDG HQ ORV PRWRUHV GH FRUULHQWH DOWHUQD VH HIHFW~D QRUPDOPHQWH DOWHUDQGRHOQ~PHURGHSDUHVSRODUHVTXHORVFRPSRQHQXDQGRODYHORFLGDGHVFRQVWDQWH SDUDXQGHWHUPLQDGRSDUSRODUHQHO FDVRGHTXHpVWDGHEHVHUDOWHUDGDGHIRUPDFRQWLQXD VHHPSOHDQPRWRUHVGHURWRUERELQDGRPHGLDQWHHOFRQWUROGHYROWDMHDSOLFDGRDOPLVPRVH UHJXODODYHORFLGDGGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHQWURGHORVPiUJHQHVSHUPLWLGRVSRUODIUHFXHQFLD GH OD UHG TXH HQ WRGD (XURSD WDPELpQHQFKLOHHVGHFSV+=
  • 25. ORTXHVHWUDGXFHHQ USP(VWHWLSRGHPRWRUHVSUHVHQWDXQGHVOL]DPLHQWRGHWHUPLQDGRHQJUDQPDQHUDSRU OD FDUJD DFRSODGD OD YHORFLGDG OtPLWH HV JHQHUDOPHQWH PHQRU HQWUH XQ GH OD QRPLQDO ([LVWH RWUR PpWRGR SDUD YDULDU OD YHORFLGDG GH ORV PRWRUHV GH $ HV PRGLILFDQGR OD IUHFXHQFLD GH OD WHQVLyQ GH DOLPHQWDFLyQ HVWH WLSR GH FRQWURO VH HPSOHD FXDQGRODYHORFLGDGGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRUHTXHULGDHVPDRUTXHUSPSHURQHFHVLWDXQ VLVWHPD GH FRQWURO GH IUHFXHQFLD HQ DOWD SRWHQFLD PX FRVWRVR OR TXH GLVPLQXH VX XVR SXHVWRTXHWDPELpQORVPDWHULDOHVGHFRQVWUXFFLyQGHPRWRUGHEHQVHUHVSHFLDOHV /D UHJXODFLyQ GH OD YHORFLGDG HQ ORV PRWRUHV GH FRUULHQWH FRQWLQXD HV PiV VHQFLOOD SXHVWR TXH pVWD GHSHQGH GHO IOXMR GHO QXPHUR GH SRORV GH OD FDUJD IXQGDPHQWDO SXGLHQGR PDQWHQHUOD FRQVWDQWH OD YHORFLGDG
  • 26. PHGLDQWH XQ VLVWHPD GH UHDOLPHQWDFLyQ HQ EXFOH FHUUDGR (VWH VLVWHPD HV JHQHUDOPHQWH PiV HFRQyPLFR TXH HO FRQWURO GH IUHFXHQFLD UHVSRQGH FRQ OD VXILFLHQWH UDSLGH]HQFDVRGHDOWHUDFLyQGHODFDUJD SRVLELOLWDQGRHOPDQWHQLPLHQWRGHOD 6HQVRUGHYHORFLGDGWDPELpQGHQRPLQDGRDFHOHUyPHWURVX IXQFLRQDPLHQWRHVVLPLODUDOGHOGLQDPR YHORFLGDGGHOVLVWHPDGHQWURGHPiUJHQHVPHQRUHVLQFOXVRTXHORVFRQVHJXLGRVPHGLDQWHOD UHJXODFLyQGHIUHFXHQFLD ,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
  • 27. (VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH /RVWUDQVGXFWRUHV /RV HOHPHQWRV WUDQVGXFWRUHV HPSOHDGRV SDUD HO FRQWUROSXHGHQVHURSWRHOHFWUyQLFRVHOpFWULFRVR HOHFWURPHFiQLFR (QWUH ORV WUDQVGXFWRUHV R VHQVRUHV HOHFWURPHFiQLFRV VH FXHQWDQ ORV DFHOHUyPHWURV TXH FRQVWDQ GH XQ FULVWDO SLH]RHOpFWULFR HO FXDO HV FRPSULPLGR SRU XQD SLH]D GH HOHYDGD PDVD TXH D VX YH] HV GHVSOD]DGD SRU OD IXHU]D FHQWUtIXJD GH PRWRU GLFKD PDVD H[SHULPHQWD XQD WUDVODFLyQ KDFLD HO H[WHULRU GHO HMH SURSRUFLRQDO D OD YHORFLGDG GH JLUR GH PLVPR FRPSULPLHQGR HO FULVWDO pVWH JHQHUD XQD FDQWLGDG GH HQHUJtD HOpFWULFD RQWDGRUGHURWDFLyQEDVDGRHQPLFURLQWHUUXSWRUHVFDGD SXOVRHTXLYDOHDXQDYXHOWDFRPSOHWD SURSRUFLRQDODODIXHU]DGHFRPSUHVLyQ )XQFLRQDPLHQWRGHXQFRQWUROGHYHORFLGDG HQEXFOHFHUUDGRFRQGLQDPRWDORPHWULFD FRPRHOHPHQWRGHUHDOLPHQWDFLyQ 'LDJUDPDGHXQVHUYRFRQWUROFXRHOHPHQWRGHUHDOLPHQWDFLyQ HVWiEDVDGRHQXQFRQWDGRUGLJLWDO ,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
  • 28. (VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH 3RVLFLRQDPLHQWRGHOEUD]R XDQGR VH RUGHQD D XQ URERW TXH VXSLQ]DVHWUDVODGHGHXQSXQWR$ D RWUR SXQWR % QR VH OH LQGLFDQ JHQHUDOPHQWH ORV OXJDUHV SRU GRQGH GHEH KDFHUOR VLQR TXH VX VLVWHPD GH FRQWURO JHQHUD OD WUDHFWRULD EDViQGRVH HQ VLVWHPD GH HFXDFLRQHV TXH FRQWLHQHQ VX SURJUDPDPRQLWRUVHJ~QHOWLSRGH FRQWURO LPSOHPHQWDQGR HO HUURU DGPLVLEOH SRU HO VLVWHPD OD YHORFLGDGUHTXHULGD 'HVFULSFLyQHVTXHPDWL]DGDGHODWUDHFWRULDGHOEUD]RGHXQURERWFXDQGRVH WUDVODGDGHXQSXQWRDRWURVDOYDQGRXQREVWiFXORFXDOTXLHUD 8QRGHORVSUREOHPDVTXHVHSUHVHQWDQDOPRQLWRUHVHOFRQRFHUODSRVLFLyQUHDOGHOEUD]R HQ FDGD PRPHQWR (O PpWRGR GHSHQGH HQ JUDQ SDUWH GHO WLSR GH DFWXDGRU HOHJLGR SDUD UHDOL]DUORVPRYLPLHQWRV 0RWRUHVSDVRDSDVR /RV PRWRUHV SDVR D SDVR QHFHVLWDQ PX SRFR VRIWZDUH SURJUDPD HVFULWR HQ PHPRULD
  • 29. FXHQWDQ FRQ OD YHQWDMD DGLFLRQDO GH QR SUHFLVDU UHJODPHQWDFLyQ SDUD FRQRFHU VX SRVLFLRQDPLHQWR VL HO SDU XWLOL]DGR HV DOWR OD IUHFXHQFLD GH WUDEDMR FUtWLFD IXQFLRQDPLHQWRDODYHORFLGDGPi[LPD
  • 30. FDEHODSRVLELOLGDGGHSHUGHUDOJ~QSDVR(QHVWH FDVRHVFRQYHQLHQWHGRWDUDHVWRV PRWRUHVGHUHDOLPHQWDFLyQSDUDDVHJXUDUVHTXHHOQ~PHUR GHSDVRVSURJUDPDGRVFRLQFLGHQFRQHOGDGRSRUHOPRWRURELHQSDUDTXHODIUHFXHQFLDGH ORV LPSXOVRV QR VHD VXSHULRU D OD Pi[LPD SHUPLWLGD SRU HO PRWRU HQ HVH PRPHQWR (VWH FRQWUROVXHOHHIHFWXDUVH HQWLHPSRUHDOELHQVHDSRUPpWRGRVDQDOyJLFRVRGLJLWDOHV (OFRQWUROGHSRVLFLyQHQPRWRUHVGHFRUULHQWHFRQWLQXD 2WURWLSR GH VHUYRV HPSOHDQ PRWRUHVGH FRUULHQWH FRQWLQXD(VWRV PRWRUHVFXHQWDQ FRQ OD YHQWDMD VREUH ORV SDVR D SDVR GH WHQHU XQ SDU PRWRU PX VXSHULRU SRGHU VXPLQLVWUDU PDRUHV SRWHQFLDV VLQ HPEDUJR HO FRQWURO GH SRVLFLRQDPLHQWR GH ORV PLVPRV HV PDV FRPSOLFDGRUHTXLHUHPpWRGRVGHVXSHULRUFRVWR 8QR GHORVPpWRGRVPiVXWLOL]DGRSDUDHOFRQWUROGHSRVLFLyQHQORVPRWRUHVGHFRUULHQWH FRQWLQXDHVHOUHDOL]DGRPHGLDQWHOHFWXUDGHODYHORFLGDGHQFDGDLQVWDQWHFDOFXODQGRORV GHVJORVDPLHQWRVKDFLHQGRODLQWHJUDOGHODYHORFLGDG/RVPpWRGRVGHFRQWUROGHYHORFLGDG GHPRWRUHVHOpFWULFRVQHFHVLWDQXQVLVWHPDGHFRQWUROLQGHSHQGLHQWHSDUDFDGDPRWRURELHQ XQ VLVWHPD KtEULGR DQDOyJLFR ± GLJLWDO
  • 31. 6L HPSOHDQ XQ VROR PLFURSURFHVDGRU KDEUi TXH PXOWLSOH[DU ODV HQWUDGDV ODV VDOLGDV GH FRQWURO SXHVWR TXH HO VLVWHPD GHEH IXQFLRQDU HQ WLHPSRUHDO ,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
  • 32. (VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH 8QD PDQHUD GH UHGXFLU HO HUURU HV HPSOHDU VLVWHPDV UHDOLPHQWDGRV SDUD HO FRQWURO GH SRVLFLyQ FRQ SDUDGD HQ FDGD SXQWR GH FDPELR GH GLUHFFLyQ /RV FKRTXHV ODV YLEUDFLRQHV JHQHUDGDVSRUORVFDPELRVEUXVFRVGH YHORFLGDG VRQ LQGHVHDEOHV SXHVWR TXH LQWURGXFHQ LQHVWDELOLGDG WHPSRUDO HQ URERW KDFLpQGROR LQJREHUQDEOH GXUDQWH HO WLHPSR TXH GXUDODYLEUDFLyQ 6LVWHPDPHFiQLFRJHQHUDOL]DGRGHDFRSODPLHQWRSDUDXQ PRGHORGHFRQWURO /RVVLVWHPDVGHFRQWUROGHSRVLFLyQ SRWHQFLRPpWULFR(OHPSOHRGHSROHDVRHQJUDQDMHVUHGXFWRUHVGHYHORFLGDG WLHQGHQDPHMRUDUHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRPHFiQLFRGHOVLVWHPD FRQ SDUDGD HQ ORV SXQWRV GH FDPELR UHTXLHUHQ TXH ODV DFHOHUDFLRQHV GH DUUDQTXH ODV GHVDFHOHUDFLRQHV GH SDUDGD VHDQ GH SDUHFLGD PDJQLWXG GH VXILFLHQWH OHQWLWXG FRPRSDUD TXHHOURERWQRVHGHVHVWDELOLFH XDQGR HO PRWRU OOHJD D XQ GHWHUPLQDGR SXQWR GH OD WUDHFWRULD WLHQH TXH KDFHUOR D YHORFLGDGQXODSDUDUHGXFLUHOHUURUGHSRVLFLyQORTXHKDFHTXHHVWRVVLVWHPDVVHDQOHQWRV 3DUDDXPHQWDUODYHORFLGDGVHRSWLPL]DQODVWUDHFWRULDVPHGLDQWHWpFQLFDVGHDSUHQGL]DMHV FXDQGR XQ SXQWR GH SDVR QR LPSOLFD RSHUDFLyQ OR TXH VLJQLILFD TXH QR HV SUHFLVD H[DFWLWXGHQHOSRVLFLRQDPLHQWR
  • 33. VHKDFHSDVDUSRUGLFKRSXQWRDYHORFLGDGQRQXOD 6HQVRUHVGHSRVLFLyQ XDQGR VH GHVHD FRQRFHU HO GHVSOD]DPLHQWR R OD SRVLFLyQ GH XQ HMH VH HPSOHDQ VHQVRUHV DGHFXDGRVSDUDHOORHQJHQHUDOORVSULQFLSLRVHQORVTXHVHEDVDQHVWRVLQVWUXPHQWRVVRQ ORV PLVPRV SDUD HO FRQWURO GH OD YHORFLGDG /D PDRU SDUWH GH HOORV VRQ DQDOyJLFRV UHTXLHUHQSDUDVXSURFHVDPLHQWRXQFRQYHUWLGRUDQDOyJLFR± GLJLWDOVLQHPEDUJRWDPELpQ H[LVWHQPpWRGRVSDUDREWHQHUGLUHFWDPHQWHXQDVHxDOVLQQHFHVLGDGGHFRQYHUWLGRU/RVPiV VHQFLOORV VRQ ORV PLFURLQWHUUXSWRUHV TXH VRODPHQWH VH HPSOHDQ SDUD GHWHFWDU SRVLFLRQHV H[WUHPDV ([LVWHQ RWUR WLSR GH GHWHFWRUHV EDVDGRV HQ HIHFWRV LQGXFWLYRV FDSDFLWLYRV RSWRHOHFWUyQLFRV VH HPSOHDQ FRGLILFDGRUHV LQFUHPpQWDOHV FRGLILFDGRUHV DEVROXWRV DQJXODUHV R OLQHDOHV VHJ~Q TXH HO GHVSOD]DPLHQWR D PHGLU VHD HO JLUR GH XQ HMH R OD WUDVODFLyQDORODUJRGHXQDOtQHDUHFWD (OIXQGDGRUGH,%0SDUDUHDOL]DUODOHFWXUDGHVXVIDPRVDVILFKDVSHUIRUDGDVHPSOHDEDXQ VLVWHPDEDVDGRHQLQWHUUXSWRUHVPHFiQLFRV ,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
  • 34. (VFXHODGH,QJHQLHUtD,QGXVWULDO± 8QLYHUVLGDGGHO0DUKLOH 6HQVRUHVGLJLWDOHV /RV FRGLILFDGRUHV LQFUHPpQWDOHV SURGXFHQ SXOVRV TXH VRQ DFXPXODGRV HQ XQ FRQWDGRU VXPDGRU R UHVWDGRU
  • 35. LQGLFDQGR FDGD SXOVR XQ SDVR R XQD IUDFFLyQ GH SDVR HVWH VLVWHPD UHTXLHUH XQD PHPRULD DGLFLRQDO OD LQLFLDOL]DFLyQ GHO SXQWR GH SDUWLGD FDGD YH] VH GHVFRQHFWDODDOLPHQWDFLyQGHODPiTXLQD /RV FRGLILFDGRUHV DEVROXWRV SURGXFHQ XQ QXPHUR FRGLILFDGR HQ FXDOTXLHUD GH ORVFyGLJRV EDVH HPSOHDGRV HQ OD DFWXDOLGDG ELQDULR QDWXUDO %' *UD H[FHVR HQ WUHV HWF (O Q~PHURGHSDVRTXHVHSXHGHQFRQWDELOL]DUFRQXQDYXHOWDGHGLVFRGHSHQGHGHOQXPHURGH ELWVHPSOHDGRVSRUHMHPSORVLXVDPRVHOFyGLJRELQDULRVLQFRQWUROGHSDULGDGFRQFXDWURV GHWHFWRUHV XQR SRU ELWV SRGHPRV FRQWDELOL]DU SDVRV SRU YXHOWD
  • 37. XDQGR HO VLVWHPD GH OHFWXUD HV PDJQpWLFR HO VRSRUWH FRGLILFDGR HV XQ PDWHULDO VLPLODUDODVFLQWDVGHFDVHWHRIHULQDVPDJQpWLFDVORVGHWHFWRUHVVRQERELQDVGHOHFWXUD GH VXILFLHQWH VHQVLELOLGDG 3DUD DXPHQWDU OD HILFLHQFLD GH HVWRV VLVWHPDV GLVPLQXLU OD SRVLELOLGDG GH HUURU VXHOHQ HPSOHDUVH FyGLJRV UHGXQGDQWHV X RWUDV GLVSRVLFLRQHV PiV VRILVWLFDGDVDVtFRPRODFRPELQDFLyQGHGRVRPiVVLVWHPDV 'HWHFWRUHVDQDOyJLFRV (OWLSRGHGHWHFWRUXVDGRGHSHQGHGHOWLSRFDQWLGDGGHGHVSOD]DPLHQWRDPHGLUXDQGRHV PXSHTXHxRVXHOHQHPSOHDUVHJDOJDVH[WHQVLRPpWULFDVRUHVLVWRUHV%DOODVW(OVLVWHPDGH PDRU SUHFLVLyQ HV SUREDEOHPHQWH HO EDVDGRHQ OD UHIOH[LyQ GH XQ UDROiVHU HVWH WLSR GH WUDQVGXFWRUGHGHVSOD]DPLHQWRRIUHFHODYHQWDMDGHTXHVXKD]HVPRQRFURPiWLFRFRKHUHQWH HVWD ELHQ FROLPDGR HPSOHDQGR HO PpWRGR GH WULDQJXODFLyQ SXHGHQ GHWHUPLQDUVH OD SRVLFLyQH[DFWDGHFXDOTXLHUREMHWR /RV WUDQVGXFWRUHV PDJQpWLFRV VH GLYLGHQ HQ GRV FDWHJRUtDV WUDQVGXFWRUHV LQGXFWLYRV WUDQVGXFWRUHV SRU UHOXFWDQFLD /RV WUDQVGXFWRUHV GH GHVSOD]DPLHQWR LQGXFWLYRV FRQYLHUWHQ XQ GHVSOD]DPLHQWR QRUPDOPHQWH OLQHDO
  • 38. HQ XQ FDPELR GH OD DXWRLQGXFWDQFLD GH XQ GHYDQDGRVLPSOH*HQHUDOPHQWH FRQVWDQ GH Q~FOHRPDJQpWLFR TXH VH PXHYH HQ HOLQWHULRU GHXQDERELQD(OPRYLPLHQWRGHWUDVODFLyQGHOHMHVHQVRUPRGLILFDODSRVLFLyQGHOQ~FOHR SRUWDQWRFDPELDODDXWRLQGXFFLyQGHODERELQDHVWHGHWHFWRUSXHGHLULQFRUSRUDGRDXQ RVFLODGRU/GHWDOPDQHUDTXHDOFDPELDUODDXWRLQGXFWDQFLDYDUtDODIUHFXHQFLDGHVDOLGD 6H GHQRPLQDQ WUDQVGXFWRUHV GH GHVSOD]DPLHQWR SRU OD UHOXFWDQFLD WRGRV DTXHOORV WUDQVGXFWRUHV TXH FRQYLHUWHQ XQ GHVSOD]DPLHQWR HQ XQD YDULDFLyQ GH WHQVLyQ VRODPHQWH IXQFLRQDQFRQFRUULHQWHDOWHUQD
  • 39. (OPHGLRHPSOHDGRHVODYDULDFLyQGHOFLUFXLWRPDJQpWLFR H[LVWHQ D OR PHQRV GRV GHYDQDGRV IXQFLRQDQGR XQR GH HOORV FRPR H[FLWDGRU DOLPHQWDGR FRQFRUULHQWHDOWHUQDRWURFRPRH[FLWDGR(VWHWLSRGHWUDQVGXFWRUHVVHHPSOHDSDUDPHGLU WDQWRGHVSOD]DPLHQWRVOLQHDOHVHOSULPDULRGHOWUDQVIRUPDGRUGLIHUHQFLDOVH TXHGDILMRHO ,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD
  • 41. FRPR DQJXODUHV OD FRUULHQWH JHQHUDGD SRU HO VHFXQGDULRRLQGXFLGRGHSHQGHGHOiQJXORH[LVWHQWHUHVSHFWRDOSULPDULR
  • 42. 'HQWUR GH HVWD FDWHJRUtD VH FXHQWD ORV SRWHQFLyPHWURV GH LQGXFFLyQ TXH FRQVWDQ GH XQD ERELQD WRURLGDO HQ VX LQWHULRU VH GLVSRQH XQD ERELQD SHUSHQGLFXODUPHQWH DO HMH GH JLUR SRUXQH[WUHPRVHH[WUDHODVHxDO$OLPHQWDQGRODERELQDWRURLGDOSULPDULR
  • 44. IXQFLyQGHOiQJXORJLUDGRUHVSHFWR GHOSXQWRGHRULJHQRGHPi[LPDWHQVLyQ XDQGR OD VHxDO UHTXHULGD WHQJD TXH VHU GH FRUULHQWH FRQWLQXD SXHGHQ HPSOHDUVH SRWHQFLyPHWURV UHVLVWLYRV WDQWR ORQJLWXGLQDOHV FRPR FLUFXODUHV SUHIHUHQWHPHQWH PXOWLYXHOWD FDSDFHV GH SURSRUFLRQDU PHGLGDV VREUH iQJXORV VXSHULRUHV D ORV ƒ (VWRV GLVSRVLWLYRVQHFHVLWDQXQDDOLPHQWDFLyQGLUHFWDVLHQGRVXVDOLGDHQYROWDMHSURSRUFLRQDODO GHVSOD]DPLHQWRGHOFXUVRU %LEOLRJUDItD 7DOOHUGHHOHFWUyQLFD(GLWRULDO(GLVD(VSDxD ,QIRUPDFLyQUHFLHQWHIRWRJUDItDVGH,QWHUQHW ,VDtDV5RMDV3HxD