2. Biotic Factors
- anything that is living in the environment
Abiotic Factors
-nonliving things within the environment
What types of things are nonliving?
Rock formations, Soil, Sun, Climate etc.
Are abiotic factors important?
3. Decomposers – nature’s recyclers (recycle
nutrients)
- break down wastes and dead organisms
Producer/Autotrop
h
– makes own food
Plants, and some
single celled
organisms
Consumer/Heterotroph
– have to eat or absorb food
Fungi, Animals
(including humans!)
4. Secondary Consumer -
something that eats
meat (carnivore)
Primary consumer -
something that eats
plants (herbivore)
Primary & Secondary
Consumer - if they eat both
plants and animals
(omnivore)
6. Producers (autotrophs)
Primary Consumers
(heterotrophs)
The greatest amount of energy present in
this pyramid is found at which level?
What organism is most likely to be located
at the base of trophic pyramids?
Trophic
Pyramid
Secondary Consumers
(heterotrophs)
Tertiary Consumers
(heterotrophs)
7. Food energy available to the human
population at different trophic
levels.
Food energy available to the human
population at different trophic
levels.
10. MutualismMutualism
– a relationship between two organisms
in which they both benefit
Acacia ants live in the
thorns of, defend, and
are fed by the acacia
tree in which they live
Butterfly-weed
provides food for
and is pollinated by
butterflies like
Pipevine
Swallowtails.
13. NicheNiche
– an organism’s job in a community
(shelter, food, active time of day,
anything that the organism can control)
14. CompetitiveCompetitive
ExclusionExclusion
- When one population
takes over another
population’s niche
forcing the population
to leave the area.
Human population
has caused cities to
expand into forest
areas forcing
wildlife to leave in
search of shelter.
15. Populations
-the amount of one
species in an area
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism,
population, community, ecosystem,
biosphere
Community
-All of the organisms
in an area
16. EcosystemEcosystem – a community plus all the– a community plus all the
abiotic factors in an environmentabiotic factors in an environment
BiomesBiomes
Tundra - Cold, dry, caribou, small bushes, grasses,
polar bears
32. Rainforest
– hot, wet, vines, ferns, orchids, tree frogs,
insects, monkeys, palm trees, located along
the equator, biome with the most diversity
(contains more different types of
organisms than any other place)
38. Biosphere –
All of the ecosystems
put together
Example: Earth!
Nutrient Cycles – the path
of nutrients being used &
reused by various
organisms
Examples: Water Cycle,
Carbon Cycle, Nitrogen
Cycle
39.
40. Decomposers
Release Carbon Dioxide &
Decompose the waste &
Dead organisms into fossil fuels
Waste & dead
organisms
Exhale Carbon Dioxide
Plants absorb
CO2 to make
sugar
Animals eat plants &
take in sugar which
contains carbon
41.
42. Nitrogen Fixation - The conversion of
atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia
Nitrogen Fixing
Bacteria are
located on the
roots of plants
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
(waste and dead decayed
material)
43. Carrying Capacity
- the maximum amount of one population that
an environment can hold
Limiting Factors
-Anything that can cause a population to not
grow any larger
Examples: Shelter, Food, Disease
Sometimes humans create limiting factors if a
population is getting out of control in an area.
What could humans do to help control a
population in an area?
Issue more or less hunting licenses, Introduce a
predator, Take away a food source
44. Positive and Negative impacts humansPositive and Negative impacts humans
have on the environmenthave on the environment
Illegal hunting/Legal hunting
45.
46. Global Warming – The rising
average temperature of the earth’s
atmosphere & oceans
Temp. Changing over the years
47. Greenhouse Effect – Trapped heat may
be causing the earth’s temperature to rise
CO2 Changing over the years
Temp. Changing over the years
Present
48. Burning ofBurning of
fossil fuels mayfossil fuels may
contribute tocontribute to
the greenhousethe greenhouse
effecteffect
49. Ozone absorbs harmful radiation from the sun.
Depletion of ozone in the atmosphere has
been implicated in the cause of skin cancer.
Ecosystem trophic structure model: Spatial pattern set by autotrophs Decomposers blur the pattern Predators link components, stabilize system
C54.14 Eating meat is inefficient way of tapping PS productivity. Humans obtain far more calories by eating grains directly as a primary consumer than by prcessing that same amount of grain through another trophic level. We could feed many more people if we all consumed only plant material, feeding more efficiently as primary consumers 224 billion tons of plant production/year 59% = terrestrial 35-40% used by humans directly (as plants) or indirectly (by feed animals first) Food supplies can be increased and more people can be supported by eating lower on food chain
