The main definition,basic queries and functions

1. MYSQL
Data Manipulation Language(DML)
:
1.SELECT­ extracts data from a database.
2.UPDATE­update data from a database.
3.DELETE ­deletes data from a database.
4.INSERT INTO – inserts a new data into database
Select statements:
The Select statement is used to select data from a database.
Syntax
1.Select * from table_name
Eg:
Select * from person
2.Select column_name(s) from table
Eg:
Select lastname, firstname from person
Update Statement:
The update statement is used to update records in a table.
Syntax:
Update table_name set column1=value,column2=value2,...where
some_column=some_value
Eg:
Update Persons set Address='parrys', where LastName='kumar' and FirstName='kalpana'
Delete Statement:
The Delete statement is used to delete records in a table.
Syntax:
Delete from table_name where some_columns =some values
Eg:
Delete from Persons where LastName='viji' and FirstName='kavitha'
Insert Statement:
The Insert into statement is used to insert new records in a table.
Syntax
Insert into table_name values(value 1,value 2,value 3.........)
Eg:
Insert into Persons values('15','anu','kanna','minjur')

2. DDL(Data Definition Languages
The DDL part of SQL permits database tables to be created or deleted. It also define
indexes (keys), specify links between tables, and impose constraints between tables.
1.creates database­ creates a new database
2.alter databases­ modifies a databases
3.create table­ create a new table
4.alter table­ modifies a table
5.drop table ­ deletes a table
6.create index­ creates an index (search key)
7.drop index ­ deletes an index
Create database Statement:
The create database statement is used to create a database.
Syntax:
create database database_name
Eg:
create database my_db
Create table Statement
The Create table statement is used to create a table in a database.
Syntax
Create table_name( column_name1 data_type,column_name2 data_type,column_name3
data_type,...)
Eg:
Create table Persons(P_Id int,LastName varchar(255),FirstName varchar(255),Address
varchar(255))
Alter table Statement:
The alter statement is used to add, delete, or modify columns in an existing .
Syntax:
add a column in a table
alter table table_name add column_name datatype
Eg:
alter table Persons add DateOfBirth date
Drop index Statement
The drop index statement is used to delete an index in a table.
Eg :
Drop index table_name.index_name
Drop table Statement:
The drop table statement is used to delete a table.
Eg:
Drop table table_name
Drop database Statement
The drop database statement is used to delete a database.
Eg:
Drop database database_name

3. PHP MY ADMIN
Php MyAdmin supports a wide range of operations with MySQL. The most
frequently used operations are supported by the user interface (managing
databases, tables, fields, relations, indexes, users, permissions, etc), while you
still have the ability to directly execute any SQL statement.
Features:
1.Support for most MySQL features.
2.Import data from CSV and SQL
3.Administering multiple servers
4.Creating PDF graphics of your database layout
5.Creating complex queries using Query-by-example (QBE)
6.Searching globally in a database or a subset of it
7 .Transforming stored data into any format using a set of predefined functions,
like displaying BLOB-data as image or download-link
8.Export data to various formats: CSV, SQL, XML, PDF, ISO/IEC 26300 -
OpenDocument Text and Spreadsheet, Word, Excel, LATEX and others.
DCL:Data Control Language
1.COMMIT
SQL>COMMIT
This will commit (write to data base) the transcation done by DML
2.ROLLBACK
SQL>ROLLBACK
This will rollback the transactions and will not commit the changes to the database.
3.GRANT
Giving the permission to acess the user1's objects to user2.
Grant privilege on <object_name> to <user_ name>
Grant select,insert,delete,update on empdetails to m
PRIVILEGE:
It is the right to access another user's objects.
1.Grant Privilege:
Giving the permission to acess the user1's objects to user2.
Grant privilege on <object_name> to <user_ name>
Grant select,insert,delete,update on empdetails to main_dep
2.Revoke privilege:
Withdraw the privilege which has been granted to the user, we use the revoke command
Revoke privilege on <object_name> from <user_name>
Revoke select,insert,delete,update on emp details
from main_dep

4. SQL Functions
SQL has many built­in functions for performing calculations on data
Aggregate Functions
SQL aggregate functions return a single value, calculated from values in a column.
* AVG() ­ Returns the average value
* COUNT() ­ Returns the number of rows
* FIRST() ­ Returns the first value
* LAST() ­ Returns the last value
* MAX() ­ Returns the largest value
* MIN() ­ Returns the smallest value
* SUM() ­ Returns the sum
Scalar functions
SQL scalar functions return a single value, based on the input value.
# UCASE() ­ Converts a field to upper case
# LCASE() ­ Converts a field to lower case
# MID() ­ Extract characters from a text field
USERS:
The mysql database contains a table called user which in turn contains a number of
columns including the user login name and the users various privileges and connection rights. To
obtain a list of users run the following command:
SELECT user FROM user;
A newly installed MySQL database will only list one user, the root
user:
mysql> select user from user;