ARCHITECTURE PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE

Architectural
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
AND
ETHICS IN INDIA

CLASS 1
18.7.2017
UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION TO
ARCHITECTURAL PROFESSION CODE OF CONDUCT & ETHICS

IS ARCHITECTURE A PROFESSION OR A
BUSINESS

COMPARISON OF PROFESSION AND BUSINESS
OBJECTIVE
BUSINESS PROFESSION
Earning profit Rendering service
QUALIFICATION Nothing Specialized
knowledge required
ESTABLISHMENT Entrepreneur decision
and fulfillment of legal
formalities
Membership of the
professional and certificate to
practice is needed
CODE OF CONDUCT No prescribed
code of conduct
Code of conduct prescribed
need to be followed
ADVERTISEMENT Products and services are
advertised to increase sale
Advertisement is strictly
prohibited as per code of
conduct
REWARD Profit Professional fee
RISK FACTOR Always present Not always present
TRANSFER OF INTEREST Possible Not possible
CAPITAL Capital requires based on
the size & nature of the
business
Limited capital is required

CLASS 2
20.7.2017
UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION TO

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURAL PROFESSION & PRACTICE IN INDIA
BRITISH RAJ /RULE (1858 to 1947)
BRITISH ARCHITECTS INVITED TO INDIA
GOVN BUILDINGS TO BE CONSTRUCTED
CONSTRUCTED FAMOUS BUILDINGS
C.S.T BUILDING (V.T RAILWAY STATION) MUMBAI
VICTORIA MEMORIAL KOLKATTA
TAJ MAHAL PALACE HOTEL MUMBAI
RIPON BUILDING CHENNAI
TO ESTABLISH THE KINGDOM
REQUIRED TRAINED ASSISSTANTS TO WORK
STARTED
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MUMBAI 1913
RENAMED
SIR J.J COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Oldest school in Asia
EAST INDIA COMPANY (1757 to 1858)
APART FROM GOVN ASSIGNMENTS
BRITISH STARTED THEIR PRACTICE IN INDIA
WORKED FOR MAHARAJAS , EUROPEAN BUSSINESS HOUSES ETC

DID YOU EVER THOUGHT WHY NORTH IS DOMINATING
SOUTH IN THE FIELD OF ARCHITECTURE
FIRST ARCHITECTURE COLLEGE
SIR J.J COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
WAS STARTED IN MUMBAI (1913)
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT MANY
CITIES WERE BORN
ARCHITECTURE COLLEGES ALSO
SPRANG UP IN MOST OF THE
CAPITALS AND BIG CITIES
GIVING OPPORTUNITIES TO ALL
HOWEVER TODAY ALSO
CONCENTRATION OF ARCHITECTS
WERE FOUND MORE IN AROUND
MUMBAI, DELHI AND PUNE
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND
PLANNING ,CHENNAI WAS
FOUNDED IN THE YEAR 1957

PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION IN INDIA
LAWYER
BAR COUNCIL OF INDIA
PHYSICIANS &
SURGEONS
INDIAN MEDICAL COUNCIL
ENGINEERS
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERS
ARCHITECTS
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS
COUNCIL OF ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURE PROFESSION IN INDIA
IS GOVERNED BY
COA IIA
ITS A STATUTORY REGULATING BODY
TO PROTECT PUBLIC FROM UN QUALIFIED PERSONS
WORKING AS ARCHITECTS
1ST SEP 1972 ARCHITECTS ACT WAS PASSED
ACCORDING TO THIS ACT ITS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY
PERSON TO DESIGNATE HIMSELF AS ARCHITECT
ARCHITECT= REQUIRES QUALIFICATIONS ,EXPERIENCE
& REGISTRATION UNDER THE ACT
CORPORATE BODY WAS CREATED
WHICH IS CALLED AS COUNCIL OF ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTS SHOULD BE REGISTGERED WITH COA TO
PRACTICE,TO SERVE IN GOVN SECTOR & TO TEACH
ITS AN ORGANISATION AND ASSOCIATION OF ARCHITECTS
TO UNITE ARCHITECTS IN OUR COUNTRY
TO PROMOTE ARCHITECTURAL PROFESSION IN INDIA
TO ENCOURAGE ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION IN INDIA
TO PRESCRIE SYLLABUS AND TO HOLD EXAMINATION FOR THOSE
WHO HAVE MISSED FORMAL EDUCATION IN ARCHITECTURE
TO BRING CHANGES IN LAW RELATING TO ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE
TO ORGANIZE CONFERENCE, SEMINAR, LECTURES ETC ON SUBJECTS
TEACHING TO ARCHITECTURE
TO PROMOTE IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE AND AWARENESS
ABOUT ARCHITECTURAL PROFESSION IN THE SOCIETY

PRESIDENT
VICE PRESIDENT
2 PERSONS NOMINATED BY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERS
3 MEMBERS
DISCIPLINARY COMMITEE
COUNCIL OF ARCHITECTURE
TERM 3 YEARS
5 ARCHITECTS
ELECTED BY IIA
5 PERSONS ELECTED
FROM HEAD OF
INSTITUTIONS
2 PERSON
NOMINATED
BY AICTE
4 CHIEF ARCHITECTS
EX-OFFICIO FROM
CPWD,DEFENCE,RAIL
WAY ETC
1 PERSON
NOMINATED BY
CENTRAL GOVN
NON ARCHITECT
1 ARCHITECT
NOMINATED BY
STATE GOVN
5 MEMBERS
EXECUTIVE COMMITEE
1 PERSON NOMINATED BY
INSTITUTE OF SURVEYORS
FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF COA
COA SHOULD MEET EVERY 6 MONTHS
ANNUAL REPORT NEED TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE GAZETTE OF INDIA
THREE MAIN FUNCTION OF COA:
 Enrolment of persons holding recognized qualifications
Regulate professional conduct of architects
Assessment of the standard of education & training of architects within country

 ANY STUDENT FROM COLLEGE OF
ARCHITECTURE
 PAY MEMBERSHIP FEE
 ACCESS RESOURCE LIKE LIBRARY
 ATTEND VARIOUS PROGRAMME
ORGANISED BY IIA
 NO VOTING RIGHT
 CANNOT ATTEND GENERAL BODY
MEETING
 GRAGUATE FROM IIA RECOGNIZED
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
 HE CAN ATTEND GENERAL BODY
MEETING & OTHER ACTIVITIES
 HE CAN VOTES AS WELL AS CONTEST IN
ELECTION HELD BY IIA
 THEY CAN WRITE A.I.I.A AFTER HIS
NAME
 AN ASSOCIATE MEMBER WITH 36 AND
MORE YEARS OLD AND HAS BEEN
ASSOCIATE MEMBER FOR MORE THAN
TEN YEARS CAN BECOME FELLOW
MEMBER ON APPLICATION
 THEY CAN PRACTICE AS ARBITRATOR
 ALL OTHER RIGHTS OF FELLOW MEMBER
IS THE SAME AS AN ASSOCIATE
 PERSON MAY NOT BE A
QUALIFIED ARCHITECT, BUT
CONTRIBUTED TO
ARCHITECTURAL PROFESSION IN
SOME WAY
 NO VOTING RIGHT
 THIS IS ONLY A HONOR
BESTOWED ON THE PERSON
MEMBER
STUDENT
MEMBER
ASSOCIATE
MEMBER
FELLOW
MEMBER
HONORARY FELLOW
MEMBER
IIA – INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS
TIME PERIOD 2 YEARS
PRESIDENT 2- VICE
PRESIDENT
2- JOINT HONORARY
SECRETARIES
HONORARY
TREASURER
MEMBER
FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF IIA

CLASS 3
25.7.2017
UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION TO

ARCHITECTURE
PRACTICE
INDIVIDUAL
OWNERSHIP
OWNERSHIP IS SHARED
BY TWO OR MORE
PARTNERS
SIZE OF PARTNERSHIP
FIRM INCREASES AND
ANNUAL INCOME OF
FIRM GOES UP
(For Tax Benefits They Will
Convert The Firm Into
Private Limited Company)
Investment of capital is done
by individual
Decision making authority
Single owner is Responsible to
handle both profit and loss
PROPRIETARY
CONCERN
PARTNERSHIP
FIRM
PRIVATE LTD
COMPANY
Investment of capital will be
taken care by the partners
Partnership activity is
governed by (INDIAN
PARTNERSHIP ACT 1932)
Sharing of profit can be equal
or unequal basis as per the
agreement.
(ARCHITECTS ACT 1972) says
that in an architectural firm all
partners should be registered
architects
Company has to be registered
with REGISTRAR OF
COMPANIES as per(companies
act 1956)
If non architects were one of
the member of the company
then company will be
registered as business firm
NOT A PROFESSIONAL FIRM.
They can offer variety of
services in one single roof.
ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE

ARCHITECTURE OFFICE ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
PRINCIPAL
DRAWING/
DESIGN OFFICE
STRUCTURAL / SURVEY
DEPARTMENT
ADMINISTRATION
FUNCTION
Development of design concept
Scheme drawing
Municipal drawing
Working drawing
Details
Presentation drawings
Views etc
POSTS
Senior architect
Project architect
Assistant architect
Junior architect
Drafts man
Trainee
FUNCTION
Structural design
Inputs
Land survey
Quantity survey
Specifications
Estimation
Preparation of contract papers
Bill checking & checking of item
rates etc
POSTS
Structural designer
Quantity surveyor
Civil engineer
Draftsman
FUNCTION
Office correspondence
Book keeping
Accounts
Observation of govt tax, rules
Stationery purchase
Maintenance of office equipment
House keeping
POSTS
Manager/Secretary
Accounts clerk
Clerk/typist
Receptionist
Peon
REFERENCE LIBRARY IN THE OFFICE ( Catalogues of building material, Reference books, Drawings & CD

ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE – SETTING UP THE OFFICE
Office is an entity different from yourself
Capital invested is a loan to office
The office should pay back the money in the form of profit with interest too.
1. Start your proprietary firm
2. Open a Fresh Bank Account apart from ongoing personal account
3. Office Account (strictly office account)
4. Capital is deposited in this account
5. All office expense is taken care by this account
6. Fees will also be deposited in this account
7. Detailed Pay In Slip Book should be maintained for all cheque with proper Bill No
8. Office account is usually Current Account, so no need to keep huge amount, you wont get interest as it’s not an saving
account.

Book of account and other documents need to be maintained
in an office under the rules of income tax act
Following are the documents :
1. CASH BOOK
2. JOURNAL
3. CARBON COPIES OF MACHINE NUMBERED BILLS
4. BILLS, RECEIPTS AND VOUCHERS
5. LEDGER
CASH BOOK
-Its a Record Of All Transactions (income and expenditure in
cash)
-Each expenditure shall be supported by either a Receipt Or
Voucher
-If there is no cash transactions in office no need to maintain
cash book
PETTY CASH BOOK
It’s a record of day to day expenditure (tea, coffee, stationery)
of small value is entered in this book )
ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE – FINANCE MANAGEMENT – ELEMENTARY ACCOUNTS
LEDGER
Transactions recorded in cash book and journal are posted
in the ledger under Different head of accounts.
For an architects office different head of expenditure
mentioned below:
1. Office rent and other charges like common service
charges of the building or property tax
2. Stationery & printing charges
3. Postage
4. Electricity bills
5. Telephone bills
6. Salary bill paid to slip
7. Fees paid to consultants & surveyors
8. Interest paid to loan amount
9. Membership fees, registration charges in professional
bodies and clubs, expenses for attending professional
seminars, conventions, workshops, meetings etc.
10. Purchase of book, periodicals, newspapers etc
11. Travelling expenses
12. Entertainment

ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE – FINANCE MANAGEMENT –INCOME TAX & LIABILITIES
INCOME TAX
This is the central government tax on the income of an individual and of company as well.
GROSS INCOME – ALLOWABLE EXPENSES = NET INCOME
(100 Rupees) (60 Rupees) (40 Rupees)
(Net income alone is considered for taxation)
Expenditure under all the above Heads Explained Under Ledger above up to certain proportion is Allowable Expense
Many ways to save money and to pay minimum taxes
Money spend on the Following Schemes will Help In Reducing The Tax
1. LIFE INSURANCE
2. PUBLIC PROVIDENT FUND
3. NATIONAL SAVING SCHEME
4. LOAN FROM BANK
 Hand loan when returned is not deductible from the gross income.
Money if borrowed from any bank, the loan and the interest paid will be deductible from the gross income.
Its convenient to borrow money for the development of office

ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE – ACTS TO BE FOLLOWED BY IN THE PRACTICE
When an architect employs more than Ten Employees then its No more a small office.
The office has to be covered under the definitions of an industry as per Industrial Disputes Act Of 1947
The owner of the office has to make following provisions:
PAYMENT OF GRATUITY ACT
Person who has completed minimum five years of service in a company is eligible to get gratuity at his time of termination of
service.
PAYMENT OF BONUS ACT
This is applicable to an establishment where Twenty Or More Person are employed.
Under this act employer has to pay 8.33% Of Annual Salary (one month salary) and maximum up to 20 %
(even though the office is small , u should keep your employee happy by giving gracious amount per year as per your capacity)
EMPLOYEES PROVIDENT FUND ACT
This is applicable to an establishment where Twenty Or More Person are employed.
Under this act, it’s a legal responsibility of an employer to deduct from the salary of an employee ,A Certain Amount Will Be Paid
To The Government Treasury Along With Employer’s Contribution
T.D.S (TAX DEDUCTED AT SOURCE)
Payment of Income Tax And Professional Tax is an Individual’s Responsibility
If the office grow big ,this Responsibility Is Taken Care By The Employer.
Income and professional tax will be deducted and paid to the government treasury by the employer.

Students were advised to form a group of five
The Main Task Was To Create
A profile of their own Dream Architect’s Office
The intent of this exercise was to understand the structure and
ethics involved in running an Architects office
STUDENTS TASK NO 1

CLASS 6
3.8.2017
UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION TO

B ARCH
COA RECOGNIZED
INSTITUTION
ARCHITECT
OPPORTUNITIES
WORK OFFICE
ROLE OF ARCHITECT CODE OF CONDUCT
OFFICE MANAGEMENT
CAREER & POSSIBILITIES
COA
REGISTRATION
OFFICE STRUCTURE
CAPITAL
KNOWLEDGE
/EXPERIENCE MONEY
ARCHITECT PROFESSION

AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE CAREER, ARCHITECT HAS
THE FOLLOWING OPTIONS:
 To buy a practice or may inherit the practice
 To work in a firm and climb the ladder of promotion to the
stage of becoming a principal or the partner of firm
 Leave the firm and start his own practice
 To win a competition and start his own practice
 Individual joining together and starting a practice as
partners
ADVANTAGES OF WORKING IN A WELL ESTABLISHED FIRM :
 Pleasant atmosphere, location, situation etc
 High salary
 High standard for design and its preparation
 Sufficient time available for research
 Able to handle big projects within a short time
SHORT COMINGS OF THE OWN PRACTICE:
 As he is the principal architect he has to do all technical
and research work himself and he will thus lack in good
technical information
 Less productivity
 Long period of experience required to handle big projects
 Cannot satisfy the client so far as the speed is concerned
 No vacation for the principal , when he is ill, the work will
suffer
ARCHITECTS CAREER & POSSIBILITIES
1. ADVISOR
-Using the best of his knowledge and experiences he should advice the
client.
-His advice must be only in the interest of his client.
2. GENERAL MANAGER
-He Is entrusted with financial undertakings
-He has to co ordinate with many agencies like a general manager
-His honesty of purpose must be above suspicion
3. AUDITOR
-He has to certify bills, payments & fees to the contractors and other
consultant
-He has to work as an auditor
-He must be selfless & impartial
4. SUPERVISOR
-Architect must frequently visit work under construction irrespective of
the distance
-He has to inspect site, either work has been carried out as per
conditions and specification of the contract
-The owner or the client completely rely on the architect in this aspect
5. UMPIRE
-He has to work like an umpire in case of dispute between the owner &
the contractor
-He must act with entire impartiality
6. SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS
-He has the moral responsibility towards the society
-His behavior in the society reflects upon the architectural fraternity as a
whole
7. EDUCATOR
-He shall educate directly or indirectly, his clients and the society to
improve quality of living and environment
-these are the moral and legal expectations of an architect

By developing his one man practice architect gradually assumes the principal and a stage might come when he simply become
an artist administrator .
He is the chief man in the office with legal and financial responsibilities
 To keep a steady flow of work so as to maintain the high standard of his office
 To take active part in the social activities
 To submit work for publication in technical journals
 To co ordinate with various consultants to obtain the desired results without any hitch and delay
 Proper distribution of work among office staff member
 Financing of the office
 Attend to contract, cost planning and time limit for the completion of the work
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PRINCIPAL ARCHITECT

HOW THE WORK IS OBTAINED TO THE ARCHITECT? ARCHITECT OFFICE & ITS MANAGEMENT
1. Office location should be in a prominent
and convenient place for easy accessibility
2. Architects office need to be designed in a
functional manner
3. All inmates should get proper ventilation
and lighting
4. Care should be taken that no over
crowding takes place
5. Architect should itself be methodical, then
only he can expect discipline from his
office staffs
6. His cabin should bear evidence of his
professional status
7. He should arrange appointments with his
clients in a proper way to avoid long
waiting time
8. He should be ready for the clients meeting
as per the appointment with all necessary
requirements
9. Catalogue and samples should be properly
arranged
10. sufficient time and care should be allotted
for all the office staff members
11. Office should posses a good library

CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT- 1989
UNDER THE ARCHITECTS ACT 1972
1. Ensure that his professional activities do not conflict with
his general responsibility to contribute to the quality of the
environment and future welfare of society
2. Apply his skill to the creative, responsible and economic
development of his country
3. Provide professional services of a high standard, to the best
of his ability
4. If in private practice, inform his Client of the conditions of
engagement and scale of charges and agree that these
conditions shall be the basis of the appointment
5. He will not pass on the work to another architect without
prior agreement of his Client
6. Not give or take discounts, commissions, gifts or other
inducements for the introduction of Clients or of work
7. Act with fairness and impartiality when administering a
building contract
8. Maintain a high standard of integrity
9 ) Promote the advancement of Architecture, standards of
Architectural education, research, training and practice
10) Conduct himself in a manner which is not derogatory to
his professional
11) Character, nor likely to lessen the confidence of the public
in the profession, nor bring Architects into disrepute
12) Compete fairly with other Architects
13) Observe and uphold the Council's conditions of
engagement and scale of charges
14) Not supplant or attempt to supplant another Architect
15) Not prepare design free of charge or for a reduced fee
,however he may take part in competition approved by the
council
16) Must not accept a project which he knows has been
given to other architect , before he make sure that the
previous appointment has been properly terminated and
his dues has been settled. He must notify the previous
architect before accepting the proposal.
17) Comply with Council's guidelines for Architectural
competitions and inform the Council of his appointment as
assessor for an Architectural competition

18) When working in other countries, observe the
requirements of codes of conduct applicable to the
place where he is working
19) Not have or take as partner in his firm any person
who is disqualified for registration by reason of the
fact that his name has been removed form the
Register under Section 29 or 30 of the Architects Act,
1972
20) Provide their employees with suitable working
environment, compensate them fairly and facilitate
their professional development
21) Recognize and respect the professional contribution of
his employees
22) Provide their associates with suitable working
environment, compensate them fairly and facilitate
their professional development
his associates
the consultants
25) Enter into agreement with them defining their scope
of work, responsibilities, functions, fees and mode of
payment
26) Shall not advertise his professional services nor shall
he allow his name to be included in advertisement or
to be used for publicity purposes save the following
exceptions :
 A notice of change of address may be published on three
occasions and correspondents may be informed by post
 Architect may exhibit his name outside his office and on a
building, either under construction or completed, for which he
is or was an Architect, provided the lettering does not exceed
10 cm. in height
 Advertisements including the name and address of an
Architect may be published in connection with calling of
tenders, staff requirements and similar matters
 May allow his name to be associated with illustrations and
descriptions of his work in the press or other public media but
he shall not give or accept any consideration for such
appearances
 may allow his name to appear in advertisements inserted in
the press by suppliers or manufacturers of materials used in a
building he has designed, provided his name is included in an
unostentatious manner and he does not accept any
consideration for its use,
 may allow his name to appear in brochure prepared by Clients
for the purpose of advertising or promoting projects for which
he has been commissioned
 may produce or publish brochures, pamphlets describing his
experience and capabilities for distribution to those potential
Clients whom he can identify by name and position
 may allow his name to appear in the classified columns of the
trade / professional directory and/or telephone directory/
website.

CLASS 7
8.8.2017
UNIT 2
ARCHITECT SERVICES, SCALE OF FEES & COMPETITIONS

ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION
 Its an important avenue to encourage talent to
come to the force
 Main purpose was to give the promoter of
competition the choice of the best available
design
 The jury or assessor with his best of knowledge
selects the best design and as well as gives the
participants the best deal
 Guideline of architectural competition lays
considerable emphasis on the mandatory
requirement of assessor and the qualification
MERITS OF COMPETITION
 Every competitor competes on same
conditions, same information and within the
same time limit
 Entries are judged only by those who are
qualified to read, to interpret and to judge, if
the design selected meets the promoters
requirement
ASSESSOR
 A senior architect (a fellow member of IIA, as per IIA
norms) appointed by the promoter to help organize and
conduct the competition from beginning to end
 The board of assessors all times include architects
registered with COA and shall be majority of at least by
one when comparing to the promoters organization
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ASSESSOR
 Should be available to advise the promoter on all matters
connected to the competition
 Assist in preparation and approval of the brief
 To Carefully study the requirements of local authorities
and it shall reflect in the brief
 Should visit and inspect site of the project and his
observation should reflect in the brief
 Should advise promoter on the appointment of technical
advisor (for example designing air port, space research
centre)
 Should finalize conditions of competition
 Should prepare the final report on competition called
award

PROJECT
COMPETITION
IDEA
COMPETITION
Aim was to select the best
solution for an actual building
project
Competition is related to
specific buildings and sites
Purpose was to get a design of
high creativity within available
constraints
Ultimate objective was to
award the project to the
winner of the competition
This type is not necessarily
project specific
Its promoted to generate
innovative ideas of design of
buildings and town planning
The winner of this competition
is not expected to execute his
design
Departments having own
drawing & designing team such
as CPWD, HUDCO and CIDCO
may conduct idea competition
TYPE OF COMPETITION

OPEN
COMPETITION
LIMITED
COMPETITION
Competition is open to all
architects
Normally announced in daily
newspapers, magazines and
websites
Normally three prizes will be
given in competition, winner
will be given the responsibility
of design and execution of the
project
Promoter shortlist 5 to 8 nos
of architects as per the advise
of board of assessor
Short listed architects were
invited to participate in the
competition
Each participant who submits
the design will get honorarium
and winner will be asked to
execute
CLASSIFICATION OF
COMPETITION
SPECIAL
COMPETITION
Competition was conducted
For projects like town planning
or design of special buildings
such as airport, satellite
communication centre
Competition held between
limited competitors who has
certain definite expertise
It would be a competition by
invitation or open competition
with precondition for qualifying
to take part

SINGLE STAGE
COMPETITION
TWO STAGE
COMPETITION
Basically conducted for small projects
and small nature
Entry includes fairly completed
drawings, plans, elevations,
sections etc and its sufficient to
explain the scheme
Entries received are assessed for the
award of the prize and appointment
of the architect for the project
Basically conducted for large projects or complex nature
First stage: competitors are advised to submit drawings
explaining the scheme on broad base to indicate the intention of
the competitor
5-10 entries are selected in the order of merit received for the
first stage
Only selected entries were allowed to submit further drawings
explaining the design in detail
Competitors invited for the second stage on submission will be
paid Honorarium
Final winner will be awarded the prize and given the work order
to work as an architect
METHOD OF ORGANISING OF COMPETITION

GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION
Council has advised all architects to take part in only those competition which meets the guidelines of COA
1.ELIGIBILITY OF COMPETITORS
 Architects(registered under COA)
 Firms having at least one registered architects as
partner or director
 students of recognized institutions
 neither the promoter, nor the assessor or any of
the associates ,partners or employees
 nor the member of the staff from the institution is
not the sole assessor
2.PROCEDURE OF COMPETITION
 draft condition of competition, time table ,
registration fees, prize, board of assessor,
programme etc should be finalized before the
announcement of competition
 condition should clearly explain the type of
competition, intention of promoter, nature of
problem to ne solved, mandatory requirements
to be followed by competitors, number, scale,
size of drawings, size of documents and models,
form of estimates and amount of prize
3.REGISTRATION OF PROCEDURE
 Competitor will request the promoter to send registration
form
 Registration is acknowledged once necessary documents,
requisite deposit and other items has been sent
 Competition brochure contains following information
a) Name of the promoter
b) Purpose and nature of competition
c) Number of prizes, prize amounts and honorarium to be
paid
d) Name of assessor
e) Eligibility of competitors
f) Time schedule of competition
g) Procedure of registration, last date and time etc
4.BOARD OF ASSESSOR
 It consists of group of architects, assessor, promoter,
employee of promoter, consultants etc
 Architects should be the majority in number
 number of assessor appointed by the promoter should not
be more than 2
 Assessor will be paid prescribed Honorarium and out of
pocket expense

5.PRISE, HONORARIA & MENTIONS
 competition announcement should mention the
number of prize, amount of honorarium and the
prize money
 Total prize money will be about 1 % of the estimated
project cost
6.COPYRIGHT & RIGHT OF OWNERSHIP
 each competitor will have the copyright to
reproduce his own design
 Promoter can reproduce the winning designs in his
in house publication & brochure
 He cannot exploit it commercially without any
agreement or approval from the winning competitor
7.EXHIBITION OF ENTRIES
 all competition entries including those rejected by
the board of assessor will be displayed at the venue
for one week along with the report of assessor
 Exhibition will be open to public without any charge
 Intimation of date and venue will be sent to all the
participants
INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION ANNOUNCEMENT
PARIS RIVERSIDE RESTAURANT
Create an architectural icon along the River Seine, that will become a popular
destination for the residents and everyone who visits the city. The
participants must consider the attributes of light, color, materiality, aesthetic
quality that will add a sense of identity to the restaurant, eventually creating
a landmark along the picturesque context of River Seine.
The participants are free to create their own design language, ranging from
contemporary to traditional but should be able to merge the shell with the
existing context in a respectful and additive fashion.
Create an experience within a restaurant shell that adds to the programmed
interior space. The participants must try to create a wholesome experience
for the end user rather than just a self-referential interior space. The
participants are free to design a thematic or a generic interior environment
but it should have an immersive effect on the customers, stimulating their
sensory experience.
Maximize the use of the waterfront context and the promenade into the
architectural concept for the restaurant. The participants are required to use
the unique nature of the site into their design proposal and architectural
built form. The participants can use the water element and picturesque
surroundings and develop the restaurant as an open, semi-open seating
zone. The quai or the dock-promenade can be used as an extension of the
restaurant and cultured into a social and leisure zone.
Schedule
Start of Competition and Early Registration: 1st July 2017
Early Registration ends: 31st August 2017
Standard Registration starts: 1st September 2017
Deadline for Questions: 10th September 2017
Standard Registration ends: 30th September 2017
Closing day for Submissions 30th September 2017
Announcement of Winners: 24th October 2017
*Note: All deadlines are 11:59 pm - 00:00 IST (India)

Awards
Winning participants will receive prizes totaling INR 2,00,000 with the
distribution as follows:
First prize- INR 1,00,000/- + Certificate
Second prize- INR 60,000/- + Certificate
Third prize- INR 40,000/- + Certificate
10 Honorable mentions
Winners and honorable mentions will be published on archasm’s website
and several international architecture magazines and websites partnered
by us.
Registration
Early Registration:
From 1st July 2017 to 31st August 2017
For Indian nationals- INR 1500 (per team)
For Foreign nationals- EUR 60 (per team)
Standard Registration:
From 1st September 2017 to 30th September 2017
For Indian nationals- INR 1800 (per team)
For Foreign nationals- EUR 80 (per team)
Entrants may register by filling the registration form and submitting it with
the appropriate payment through our secure gateway on our
website www.archasm.in
Discount
Group discounts apply for a minimum of 5 teams from one particular
architecture school/university as our initiative to promote more
participation from students.
Send us the following details at queries@archasm.in to avail the offer.
Names of all the participating teams members and their respective team
leaders.
Name of the university.
School ID proofs of the team leaders.
Note:
It will not be possible to amend or update any information relating to your
registration including the names of team members once validated
Regulations
Participant teams will be disqualified if any of the competition rules or
submission requirements are not considered. Participation assumes
acceptance of the regulations.
Team code is the only means of identification of a team as it is an
anonymous competition.
The official language of the competition is English.
The registration fee is non-refundable.
Contacting the Jury is prohibited.
archasm as the competition organizer, reserves the right to modify the
competition schedule if deemed necessary.
Terms and Conditions
Please see the terms and conditions section on www.archasm.in.
Competition project disclaimer
This is an open international competition hosted by archasm to generate
progressive design ideas. There are no plans for the riverside restaurant to
be built. The competition is organized for education purpose only.
Other details
Website: www.archasm.in
Facebook: facebook.com/atarchasm
Instagram: instagram.com/archasm_competitions

STUDENTS TASK NO 2
FOLLOWING TEN FIRMS WERE INVITED TO PRESENT THEIR
ARCHITECTURE COMPETITON PROJECT
“EXPRESSING THE TURNING POINT “
SCULP IT
2^2 ARCHITECTS
THE DESIGN MILL
DOORDARSHAN DESIGN STUDIO
DOT CODE
GANTI ARCH & DESIGN
SPACE EDGE
SM ASSOCIATES
AND ARCHITECTURE
STEP FIVE DESIGNERS

COMPREHENSIVE ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES
SCOPE OF WORK OF AN ARCHITECT
The Architect is required to provide services in respect of the following :
Part I - ARCHITECTURE :
Taking Client's instructions and preparation of design brief
 Site evaluation, analysis and impact of existing and / or
proposed development on its immediate environs
Design and site development
Structural design
Sanitary, plumbing, drainage, water supply and sewerage
design
Electrical, electronic, communication systems and design
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning design (HVAC) and
other mechanical systems
Elevators, escalators, etc
Fire detection, Fire protection and Security systems etc
Periodic inspection and evaluation of Construction works
Part II -ALLIED FIELDS :
Landscape Architecture
Interior Architecture
Architectural Conservation
Retrofitting of Buildings
Graphic Design and Signage
COA PRESCRIBED FOUR SEPARATE
SCHEDULE OF SERVICES:
1. Architectural services
2. Urban design
3. Landscape architecture
4. Interior architecture

SCALE OF SERVICES/ FEES
TYPE OF PROJECT/ SERVICES SCOPE OF WORK & SERVICES
MINIMUM FEES/REIMBURSABLE
EXPENSES
1. COMPREHENSIVE ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES
A) SINGLE BLOCK HOUSING:
site up to 0.5 hectare
site more than 0.5 - 2.5 hectares
site more than 2.5 - 5 hectares
site more than 5 hectares
Individual House
Comprehensive Architectural Services
excluding Landscape Architecture, Interior Architecture,
Graphic Design and Signage.
5 .0% of the total cost of the work
3.5 % of the total cost of the work
B) ALL PROJECTS OTHER THAN HOUSING
Repetition of the building in the same campus
Repetition of the building in the same campus
Repetition of the building at a different site
excluding Landscape
Architecture, Interior Architecture, Graphic Design and
Signage.
5 .0% of the total cost of the work
except Landscape
Architecture, Interior Architecture, Graphic Design &
Signage and Site Development.
C) SITE DEVELOPMENT
except Landscape Architecture, Interior Architecture,
Graphic Design and Signage
D) ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION/
RETROFITTING/ADDITIONS AND ALTERATIONS
except Landscape Architecture, Interior Architecture,
Graphic Design and Signage
2. URBAN DESIGN
 For all projects except Housing
 Housing Projects
 In case of Urban Renewal projects
Urban Design/ Urban Renewal in the Conditions of
Engagement.
1.0 % of the total cost of the work
(to be computed at a rate of Rs
6000 per Sq.mt. of proposed built-
up area)
20 % of the total cost of the work
(to be computed at a rate of Rs
6000 per Sq.mt. of proposed built-
up area)
1.5 % of the total cost of the work

SCALE OF SERVICES/ FEES
TYPE OF PROJECT/ SERVICES SCOPE OF WORK & SERVICES
MINIMUM FEES/REIMBURSABLE
EXPENSES
3. INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE/GRAPHIC DESIGN AND
SIGNAGE
As described for Interior Architecture in
the Conditions of Engagement.
4. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
As described for Landscape Architecture
in the Conditions of Engagement
5. SITE VISIT
OUTSTATION VISIT
 Traveling, Boarding & Lodging Expenses
 For each day
LOCAL SITE VISIT
Visits by an Architect/consultant in connection with
Project for which commissioned
Actual Air/ AC First Class Fare (to &
fro), AC Car, Boarding & Lodging
Expenses and Local Transport.
Rs 3000
RS 1000
6. ADVISORY CONSULTANCY
OUTSTATION
LOCAL
 All as above at 5 i) (a) plus Rs.
10,000 per day or part thereof.
 Rs. 4000 per day or part thereof
7.DOCUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATION
CHARGES
Applicable on all professional fee
payable to the Architect.
10 percent of the professional
fees.
8. VERIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION
OF CONTRACTOR'S BILLS
Verification of Contractor's bills for
payment, based on progress of works
at site, measurements of works Certified
by the Construction Manager
1 percent in addition to above fees

SCHEDULE OF SERVICES AND PAYMENT
The Architect shall be paid professional fee in the following stages consistent with the work done plus other charges and reimbursable
expenses as agreed upon :
STAGE % OF TOTAL FEES PAYABLE
On appointment/ Signing of Agreement/ acceptance of offer. Rs. 20,000* or 5%
STAGE 1
On submitting conceptual designs and rough estimate of cost.
10%
STAGE 2
On submitting the required preliminary scheme for the
Client's approval along with the preliminary estimate of cost.
20%
STAGE 3
On incorporating Client's suggestions and submitting drawings for approval from the Client/ statutory
authorities, if required.
Upon Client's / statutory approval necessary for commencement of construction, wherever applicable.
30- 35%
STAGE 4
Upon preparation of working drawings, specifications and schedule of quantities sufficient to prepare
estimate of cost and preparation of tender documents.
45%
STAGE 5
On inviting, receiving and analyzing tenders; advising Client
on appointment of contractors.
55%
STAGE 6
On submitting working drawings and details required for commencement of work at site. 65- 90%
STAGE 7
On submitting Completion Report and drawings for issuance of completion/ occupancy certificate by
statutory authorities, wherever required and on issue of as built drawings
100%

CLASS 8
22.8.2017
UNIT III
TENDER AND CONTRACT

STUDENTS TASK NO 3
THE INTENT OF THIS EXERCISE
IS TO UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENT STAGES INVOLVED,
BEFORE EXECUTING THE PROJECT AT SITE
PROJECT: MAKING OF CENTRE TABLE (3’X3’)
100 NOS

TENDER
an offer to carry
any work
Construction work
Demolition work
Material supply
Sale of material
such as scrap/
debris
Cleaning work
Painting work etc
Tender means an offer to
carry work ,that is pre
described or to supply or
purchase goods of prefixed
specifications at a price to be
quoted by the tendered

METHODS OF CALLING TENDER
OPEN OR PUBLIC TENDER
Most suitable for semi public
and public organization
Competition is open to all
Notice will be published in
the newspaper, magazines etc
Notice should have the
following information
-Name of the client
- Site address and building
type
- Estimated cost of work
- EMD
- Date of commencement of
work
- Price of blank tender form
- Time and date of issue of
blank tender forms
-Time and date of submitting
filled tenders
CLOSED OR INVITED TENDER
 Suitable for single and small
scale ownership projects
5-6 contractors were invited to
participate in the tender
A letter of invitation is send to
the contractor with the following
points
-Name of the owner
-Site Address and building type
- EMD
- Date of commencement of work
- Time and date of issue of blank
tender forms
-Time and date of submitting
filled tenders
PRE REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS
Most suitable for semi public and public organization
 Notice will be published in the newspaper, magazines
etc
In notice its necessary to publish the following
-Name of the owner
-Site Address and building type
- EMD
- Date of commencement of work
- Time and date of issue of blank tender forms
-Time and date of submitting filled tenders
Further contractors are requested to submit following
points
- Name of the company, address, name of partner
/director
-List of similar projects , list of projects carried in the last
3-5 years, with cost, architect & name of owner
- list of construction equipment possessed and technical
persons employed with the company
-IT certificate
-Solvency certificate from bankers
5-7 contractors were shortlisted & invited for tender

INSTRUCTION TO CONTRACTOR
Type of tender
Name of work, address &
owners name
Price of blank tender form
Amount of EMD
Time and place of tender
submission
GENERAL CONDITIONS &
PRELIMINARIES
It includes basic rate of
building materials and list of
approved manufacturers of
materials
LETTER OF OFFER
From contractor
to architects office
Letter is
prescribed by
architects office
COPY OF ARTICLES OF
AGREEMENT &
GENERAL CONDITIONS
OF CONTRACT
Printed papers
available with IIA
DRAWINGS
1. ANNOUNCEMENT OF TENDER
( TENDER NOTICE)
2. SUBMISSION OF TENDER
3. OPENING OF RECEIVED TENDER
4. TENDER SCRUTINY
5. RATE ANALYSIS
6. SCRUTINY REPORT
7. WORK ORDER
STAGES INVOLVED IN FINALIZING TENDER
1.Term of work specified in bill of quantity should be clear and specific
2.Working drawing need to be supplied wherever details involved (ex doors,
windows, grills & handrails)
3.All factory made products trade name to be mentioned
4.Basic price of material can be mentioned in case of certain materials like
marble granite etc
5.All tenderers shall be treated equally with same information like
(specifications, drawings & bill of quantities
QUALITIES OF GOOD TENDER

EMD
Check whether amount
submitted is as per tender
conditions
If the EMD is in the form of
cheque, deposit
immediately
In case if cheque
dishonored by bank,
contractor will be
terminated in future also
COVERING LETTER
Read carefully covering
letter and other enclosures
Cross check the
contractors profile company
Contractor should no
suggest any conditions
Conditional tender should
not be considered and
should be rejected
ARITHMETICAL CHECK
Some mathematical error
might come, so need to check
all bill of quantities
Some mistakes might be
purposefully done by
contractor to reduce the total
amount of tender offer
After the tenders are
opened ,contractor will not
be allowed to enter the
missing item rate
Missed item will be carried
out at free of cost to the
owner
REBATE
Some times contractor
offers rebate at certain
percent
Rebate offered is without
any condition it can be
accepted
COMPARITIVE
STATEMENT
Having completed
arithmetical check,
correcting totals and
applying rebate etc, a
statement should be written
with name of contractor and
their corrected total tender
offer
All should be written in the
ascending order list
Lowest offer in the first
place and the highest offer
in the last place
First 3-4 will be considered
and studied further for short
listing tenders
TENDER
SCRUTINY
A. Detailed scrutiny of all the tenders received is done by the architects office and a scrutiny report is submitted to the owner
recommending a contractor for the work
B . Tender scrutiny is a time taking task to scrutinize so many tenders, it should be done methodical

RATE ANALYSIS
 First 2-3 contractors from the ascending list
will be analyzed
 Rate analysis will be asked to submit by
selected contractors
 Rate analysis means detailed calculation
made to arise at item rate
 Rate analysis will be used to Make
competing contractors to reduce rate
 Rate quoted by the contractor should not
be revealed to the other competing
contractor during rate analysis
 Low rate will be tempting but as an
architect we should check whether good
quality of work will be produced
 Architect should always recommend
reasonable economic rate to produce good
quality of work
 Contractor financial strength should be
checked to handle the project in the
estimated cost
 Previous work experiences and conduct
certificate reference should be analyzed
SCRUTINY REPORT
After a careful scrutiny of the tenders received, the next job of architect is to
Recommend suitable contractor to the owner for the work. This is called a
Scrutiny report
 After tender scrutiny architect will recommend either 1- 2 contractors to
owner
 Architect office always make an estimate cost of construction and they
will compare with the shortlisted contractors
 Quality of previous work done by the contractor will be an added
advantage
 Architect scrutiny report will be submitted to client / owner in an
enclosed envelope ( confidential document)
 This confidential document is opened in the meeting and discussed with
the presence of the client
 Sometimes architect recommends two contractor, one in the first place
and other in the second place, client will choose the final winner
 Letter of intent will be issued from architect office to contractor
 Contractor will also accept the offer and convey his interest to do the
work in the form of written statement
 Finally the most waited work order will be given to the selected
contractor

EMD (Earnest Money Deposit)
Amount of money deposited along with the
filled in tender or a quotation
 EMD will be retained with architects office
without payable interest
 It will be held for one month from the date
of receipt of tender
 Amount will be refunded for unsuccessful
contractors
 Amount of selected contractor will be
converted as security deposit
 In any circumstances if the selected
contractor was unable to commence the
work, EMD will be credited to owners
account as part of compensation
WORK ORDER
 A letter issued from architect to contractor
on behalf of the owner to take up the work
is called the work order
 This letter should have the proper
reference of the tender submitted by the
contractor
 This letter includes the commencement of
the work and its also a part of the contract
document
FOUR CIRCUMSTANCES WERE TENDER BECOMES INEFFECTIVE
If the death occurs of either of the party before
entering into a contract, then the tender offer is
ineffective
Contractors who have filled in tenders are set
free
3) DEATH OF A PARTY
Withdrawal of tender process can be from the
owner or from the contractor
Client can abandon the work
Awarded contractor cannot withdraw from the
process, if he does looses his EMD and owner take
him to the court of law for the compensation
4) WITHDRAWAL
OF TENDER
If the owner puts forth alternative method of
contract for the same work it is called as counter
offer
In this method contractor is no more bound by
the legal binding of his earlier tender offer
2) COUNTER OFFER
BY OWNER
Usually one month will be the time period
Within this time period scrutiny report need to
be submitted to the client & contractor need to
be finalized
Beyond this time frame contractor wont accept
the work order with the same tender offer
1) TIME PERIOD

CONVENTIONAL TENDERING E TENDERING
Prolonged procurement cycle Short procurement cycle
Little expensive Economical
Paper based procurement Eco & Environmental friendly
As everything is digital
Restricted mobility Any time any where bidding
Possibility of human errors Accurate process
Bidding is possible only on office
working days
Bidding possible on holidays
Physical security Foolproof security
Wastage of space Negligible storage space
Content not sharable Easily sharable
Submission takes more time One click submission possible
even at last minute
An internet based process
complete tendering process; from advertising to
receiving and submitting tender-related information
are done online.
This enables firms to be more efficient as paper-
based transactions are reduced or eliminated,
facilitating for a more speedy exchange of
information.
ADVANTAGES:
Fully automated process
Shortens procurement cycle
Economical and environmental friendly
Greater transparency
System aided evaluation process
Comparative analysis of tendering is easy
Minimize human errors
Minimize storage space
Lesser hassle of communication and administration
Allows anytime anywhere bidding
No dependence of courier, newspaper etc
Reduces travelling cost
Allows last minute submission of tenders
E TENDERING
1. Tender notice creation
2. Tender promotion
3. Tender document
4. Pre bid meeting
5. Bid submission
6. Payment gateway
7. Tender storage & opening
8. Tender evaluation
9.Negotiation
10.Tender award
11.Vendor registration & rating
12.Tender audit & storage
DIFFERENT STAGES IN E TENDERING
COMPARISON BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL & E TENDERING

VOLUNTARY AGREEMENT BETWEEN
TWO OR MORE PARTIES
A contract is a voluntary arrangement between two or
more parties that is enforceable by law as a binding legal
agreement.
Contract is a branch of the law of obligations in jurisdictions of
the civil law tradition.
Note : Indian stamp act of 1899
 Contract shall be executed and signed on a stamp paper of
appropriate value
 Incase of dispute unstamped contract papers cannot be
admitted before an arbitrator or a court of law
Contract should follow INDIAN CONTRACT ACT 1872 to
regulate the agreements or undertakings in business
CONTRACT
Contract document consists the following papers:
1. Copy of public TENDER notice
2. Copy of work order
3. Letter of offer by contractor
- Articles of agreement
- General conditions of contract
- Appendix
4. Specifications of work & material
5. Bill of quantities (Contract bill)
6. Contract drawings
CONTRACT DOCUMENT

ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT
It s the First page of contract document printed in the for form of
fill in gaps
This has to be signed between client & contractor(other party)
It has to be typed in a stamp paper of appropriate value
It has to be duly signed by client contractor
 it usually contains the following
-Date of signing of contract
-Project owner name & address
-Other party usually the single contractor, being a
partnership company all partners name should be
included
-Description of the work like apartment/hospital
-Name of the architect & address
-Working drawing & specification
-Contract drawings & bill need to be signed by both
parties
-Security deposit amount to be mentioned
-It is agreed as follows that contractor has to complete
the work a per terms of contract and owner has to
pay the sum as per terms of schedule
-Architect for the contract & his successor in case
due to unavoidable situations need to be included
-This article of agreement need to be signed in the
presence of witness

CERTIFICATION OF CONTRACTOR BILLS
S.NO
LEVEL OF WORK
COMPLETED
AMOUNT
PAYABLE OF
TOTAL COST
1
All Foundation work including
plinth 10-15%
2
Brick work
30-35%
3
Roof work
20%
4
Doors and windows
16%
5
Electrical installation excluding
fittings like tube lights, fans etc 5-8%
6
Sanitary work & water supply
5-8%
7
Plastering & painting
10%
8
Flooring
6%
9
White wash & color wash
2%
PROJECT A
PROJECT B
EXECUTION OF
PROJECT A & B
IS THE SAME ?

PROJECT A PROJECT B
OWNER / CLIENT ARCHITECT / CONTRACTOR
Finance the project
Owns the project
Executes the project
Gets payment, stage
wise periodically
PUBLIC GOVENRMENT PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP / MNC
Unable to Finance the project
Public private partnership (PPP)
Gets back the project after the
contract period from PPP
Finance the project
Executes the project
Get the profit for the risk factor
PROJECT BUDGET = SEVERAL CRORES PROJECT BUDGET = SEVERAL THOUSAND CRORES

NEW TRENDS IN PROJECT FORMULATION - PPP
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP)
PPP is a mode of providing public infrastructure and services by Government in partnership with private sector.
It is a long term arrangement between Government and private sector entity for provision of public utilities and services.
Conventional form of finance – the budgetary allocation by the government is not enough to meet this big investment size.
PPP Model is concentrate to development of
-National Highways & State Highways,
-Operation of Container Trains,
-Re-development of Railway Stations,
-Transmission of Electricity and Urban Metro Rail. Etc.,
-Procurement-cum-Maintenance Agreement for Locomotives
-Non-metro Airports, Greenfield Airports
-Port Terminals
PRIVATE
PUBLIC

DIFFERENT TYPES OF EXECUTION IN PROJECT FORMULATION
1. BOT (Built Operate Transfer)
2. BOOT (BUILT OWN OPERATE TRANSFER)
3. BOLT (Build Operate Lease Transfer)
4. DBFO (Design Built Finance Operate)
5. DBOT (Design Built Operate Transfer)
6. DCMF (Design Construct Manage Finance)
BOT (BUILT OPERATE TRANSFER)
The private partner is responsible to design, build, operate
(during the contracted period) and transfer back the facility
to the public sector.
 The private sectoris expected to bring the finance for
the project and take the responsibility to construct and
maintain it.
 The public sector will either pay a rent for using the
facility or allow private sector to collect revenue from
the users.
 The national highway projects contracted out by NHAI
under PPP (Private Public Partnership)mode is an
example.
BOOT (BUILT OWN OPERATE TRANSFER) OR
BOO (BUILT OWN OPERATE)
 This is a variation of the BOT model
 Ownership of the newly built facility will rest with the private
party during the period of contract
 Resulting in the transfer of most of the risks related to
planning, design, construction and operation of the project
to the private partner
 The public sector partner will however contract to ‘purchase’
the goods and services produced by the project on mutually
agreed terms and conditions.
 project built under PPP (Private Public Partnership) will be
transferred back to the government department or agency at
the end of the contract period, generally at the residual value
 Private partner recovers its investment and reasonable
return agreed to as per the contract
 This approach has been used for the development of
highways and ports.

BOLT (BUILT OWN LEASE TRANSFER)
Public sector client gives a concession to a private entity to build
and to design a Facility as well to own the facility, lease the facility
to the client, then at the end of the lease period transfer the
ownership of the facility to the client.
 Private entity, contracted by the client, has the responsibility to
raise the project finance during the construction period.
 Main advantage is to remove the burden of raising the finances
for the project from the client and places it on the private
entity.
 BOLT developer assumes all the risk, the risk of raising the
project financing and the risk during the construction period.
 such risk is not undertaken for free by the developer but comes
at a cost, which is passed onto the client.
 Facility is owned by the developer until the lease period ends.
 The lease period will see the client who in essence becomes the
tenant of the facility, paying the developer a lease (monthly or
annually) for the use of the facility at a predetermined rate for
a fixed period of time.
 The lease payment becomes the method of repaying the
investment, and ultimately rewarding the developer’s
shareholders
 At the end of the lease period, ownership of and the
responsibility for the facility are transferred to the client from
the developer at a previously agreed price.
DBFO (DESIGN BUILT FINANCE OPERATE)
 The private party assumes the entire responsibility for the
design, construct, finance, operate and to maintain the
project for the period of concession.
 The private participant to the project will recover its
investment and Return On Investments (ROI) through the
concessions granted or through annuity payments etc.
 The public sector may provide guarantees to financing
agencies, help with the acquisition of land and assist to
obtain statutory and environmental clearances and
approvals
 It assures a reasonable return as per established norms or
industry practice etc., throughout the period of concession.
DBOT (DESIGN BUILT OPERATE TRANSFER)
 Private party contracted to design and build operate with
their own finance considering government specifications
 Private party can charge a fee from users (like toll tax for
highways in India) for a predetermined period
 cost and profits are recovered and then transfer the project
to the government.
 Later government may decide to continue the fee or
waive it off.

EXECUTION
OF PROJECTS
STAGE 1
EXPRESSION OF INTEREST
STAGE 2
REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL
STAGE 3
REQUEST FOR TENDER
STAGE 4
EVALUATION OF BIDS
STAGE 5
AWARD OF WORK
STAGE 1
EXPRESSION OF INTEREST
 It’s an initial stage of a procurement (work/service)
 EOI (Expression Of Interest) is nothing but a submission made by the prospective tenderer showing
the interest to provide service
 Interested tenderer will respond to the public notice/advertisement issued by the client
 This public notice includes description of contracting body/client
-nature, scale & budget of the work
-type of contract & its condition
 Information required from the tenderer includes
-Contact details
-Description of company
-Financial information
-Previous relevant experience
-Technical capacity ( machinery)
-Staff experience and availability
 Details submitted in the expression of interest helps to reduce no of companies to be invited for
submitting tenderer.
 Main aim was to get a list of potential service providers to proceed with the work
STAGE 2- REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL
 It’s an Second stage followed by Expression Of Interest
 Mostly used when client is looking for any solution based response to fulfill requirements
 Looking for an innovative and creative solutions
 After expressing the interest the potential tenderers will submit business solutions

STAGE 4- EVALUATION OF BIDS
Bids (Tenders) are evaluated by the respective Technical, legal commercial & financial expects
Evaluation takes place in three parts
(1)Technical evaluation (2)Commercial evaluation (3)Capacity evaluation
TECHNICAL EVALUATION
To Check all technical spec to meet
minimum tender requirement
Alternative tech or material grade
offered need to be verified
Feed back of working of the equipment
supplied by the bidder in other projects
need to be evaluated
COMMERCIAL EVALUATION
To check bid forms either it has been
duly signed
To check the cost
To check additional cost like delivery &
shipping cost etc
To check any other commercial
deviations
CAPACITY EVALUATION
Identify whether bidder has sound financial
condition
To check bidder is not under any litigation
To check whether cost of any long term
agreement has been included
Geo political scenario need to be evaluated in
case of foreign bidder
Post Bid meeting
-This Is mainly done to negotiate the technical specs
wherever appropriate
-Meeting is done separately with shortlisted Bidders
-Bidders were asked to resubmit the Bids with revised
quote and technical spec
Evaluation report - (Generated for office records this includes)
-Description of contract
-Type of tender
-Tender notice
-Closing date of tender
-Tender opening & compilation of all tenders
-Analysis of three lowest tenders
-Performance record of lowest three tender
-Recommendation of assessment panel
STAGE 3- REQUEST OF TENDER
STAGE 5- AWARD OF WORK
 Based On Evaluation Report & Recommendation Of Assessment
Panel best bidder is declared
Letter of award of work is issued to the successful bidder
Bidder is added to submit a contract performance guarantee
which could be bank guarantee, DD or FD
Contract between client & bidder is drafted as per international
contract law
Contract obligations, technical obligations, quality obligations
need to be drafted
Completion and payment schedule is neatly drafted
Contract is finally signed and moved for implementation

UNIT V
IMPORTANT LEGISLATIONS & CURRENT TRENDS

STUDENTS TASK NO 4
“EMERGING SPECIALISATION IN THE FIELD OF ARCHITECTURE”
APART FROM BEING AN ARCHITECT
IDENTIFY THE VARIOUS JOB OPPORTUNITIES OFFERED
STUDENTS WERE GUIDED TO SELECT ONE PARTICULAR SPECIALISATION AND PRESENT IT TO THE CLASS

FASHION DESIGNER
PRODUCTDESIGNE
STUDENTS TASK BOARD
FURNITURE
DESIGNER
GRAPHIC DESIGNER
ARCHITECTURAL
JOURNALISIM
ARCHITECTURAL
PHOTOGRAPHY
ART DIRECTOR
NAVAL ARCHITECTURE
ARTIST
EVENTPLANNER FILM MAKER

EMERGING SPECIALISATION IN THE FIELD OF ARCHITECTURE
CAREER IN ARCHITECTURE CAREER IN ART & DESIGN CAREER OUTSIDE OF DESIGN
Architectural journalism Graphic designer / logo designer Event planner
Architectural photography
Industrial designer/ product
designer
Teacher/Professor
Construction/project
manager
Furniture designer Philanthropist
Landscape architect Video gaming Politician
Urban planner & designer Art director Culinary arts
Lighting architect Film maker Law
Conservation and
restoration architect
Fashion designer Naval architecture
Interior designer
Architectural visualization /
animation
Air craft designer
Jewelry designer Marketing & communication
Artist/ Performing artist Restaurant / bar
Digital fabrication Musician
BENJAMIN
NETANYA
HU
Prime
minister
of Israel
LISA HALAB
GERMAN BAND KRAFTWERK
JAMES "JIMMY" STEWART
RATAN TATA
Industrialist, Philanthropist

Architectural journalism is a written documentation of architecture and design
Architecture Journalism is an area which is largely unexplored and is on its way to becoming
a successful career choice for architects and architecture students in general.
 writers/journalists write articles and cover events for magazines and websites
The knowledge gained while at Architectural schools with holistic view for an architectural
education and as a professional on field makes him a critic.
Journalism can actually support the profession on a better standing of sustainability and
environmental issues of today with the shifting paradigms of architecture in the global sector
It open doors to new forms of inquiry, through its intellectual probes into futurist ideals and
questioning the wider architectural creations.
Architectural journalist requires a wide range of attributes which include vastness of
knowledge, years of experience, the power of persuasion, excellent delivery skills, lots of
patience, thirst for awareness, and logic in arguments.
Architectural Journalists not only assist architects in understanding the nature of their own
project but also help them in developing a critical judgment about it.
The writers/journalists main job is to assess how successful the architect and others
involved with the projects
ARCHITECTURAL JOURNALISM SOME FAMOUS CRITICS
Based on Specific criteria works of architect will be
reviewed, that includes:
-Aesthetics
-Proportion
-Functionality
-Architectural style
-Choice and use of building materials
-Built environment or context
- Sustainability

It’s the photographing of buildings and similar structures that are
aesthetically pleasing
It’s a very lucrative and fulfilling career as demand risen for pictures of
architecture.
It shoots photographs of building interiors and exteriors for clients
ranging from architects to interior designers, artists, restaurateurs and
publications.
Thousands of ideas such as movement patterns, people concentration
& their feelings can be captured to communicate to the third person
who doesn’t know about the place
It requires “a lot of the same visual and aesthetic skills that an architect
is already familiar with
it allows people to obtain a visual understanding of buildings they may
never get the opportunity to visit in their lifetime
It helps in creating a valuable resource that allows us to expand our
architectural vocabulary.
It freezes time
It creates a captivating visual narrative of a built environment for
publication.
Architectural vocabulary and understanding the design and
construction process. helps to determine how best to tell the story of his
clients’ projects through photography.
The language of vision is the basis of capturing qualities and emotions
in photography
It still consists of composition, color, environment and experiences.
Photography concerns itself more with the aesthetic, with the object
and the composition in that unique moment, within that specific frame.
ARCHITECTURAL PHOTOGRAPHY

Construction project management is the art of directing and coordinating
human and material resources throughout the life of a project
It uses modern management techniques to achieve predetermined objectives of
scope, cost, time, quality, and participating objectives
A project manager is a person who has the overall responsibility for the
successful initiation, planning, design, execution, monitoring, controlling and
closure of a project.
He needs a wide range of skills and abilities to manage diverse teams and
projects.
He helps ensure the project is tracking along to plan.
 They manage the project so it finishes on time and on budget, and that their
team completes it according to building codes, plans, and specs.
He should make sure they control risk and minimize uncertainty
Good project manager can lessen risk significantly, often by adhering to a policy
of open communication, ensuring every significant participant has an opportunity
to express opinions and concerns.
Project managers use project management software, such as Microsoft Project, to
organize their tasks and workforce.
THE PROJECT MANAGER ENCOMPASSES MANY ACTIVITIES INCLUDING:
Planning and Defining Scope Risk Analysis
Activity Planning and Sequencing Managing Risks and Issues
Resource Planning Monitoring and Reporting Progress
Developing Schedules Team Leadership
Time Estimating Strategic Influencing
Cost Estimating Business Partnering
Developing a Budget Working with Vendors
Documentation
Scalability, Interoperability and Portability
Analysis
Creating Charts and Schedules Controlling Quality
CONTRUCTION & PROJECTMANAGER

1 2
3
4
CCTV, Beijing
5
6
7
8
OBSERVE & ANALYZE THE GIVEN EIGHT VISUALS

‘Globalization is inevitable’ – said Amartya Sen,
Being world-class is one of the changing trends in Indian Architecture
that every architect seems to swear by.
Globalization is the process of creating a free environment across the globe where there are free and frequent movements of
goods and services across the boundaries of nations
it existed from a long time in the history of mankind, but not so prominently. Only during the voyages undertaken by countries
like Portugal, Spain, France, United Kingdom and other European countries, the linkages between geographic regions became
more defined and functional
Globalization has given rise to new forms and styles of architecture like neo-classical, modernism, post-modernism, minimalistic
architecture etc. design elements like domes, ornamental columns, windows etc.
 People tend to follow the same type of buildings irrespective of the geographical locations and this in turn, has created
monotony in architecture and loss of rich identity of a place or city through its architecture
Globalization is an outcome of communication technology and the development of the Internet
 It encourages international interdependence & compression of time and space
There are four important factors that affect the ability of architecture to form a relationship with a national-cultural identity
1) The physical nature of the region
2) Materials and methods of construction,
3) Belief system]
4) Memory.
All four factors are challenged and severely undermined because of the increase in information flow, advancements in
communication technology and greater mobility of goods and people, the global culture resulting its version of homogenization
Architectural theory, on the other hand, advances the use of the interpretation/reinterpretation dynamic in architecture, which
helps to destabilize meaning in architectural language and it results in alienating the physical horizons of cities and in alienation
of people
GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON ARCHITETURE
1-Jaisalmer, 2- Dance Palace Russia , 3-Namaste Tower in Mumbai, 4-Nanjing, China,
5 -CCTV, Beijing , 6- Akshardham temple in South Delhi, 7- Igumnov House, Moscow,
8-The Park Hotel, Hyderabad

Selection of international architect is driven by the unique needs of the project like 325-acre
Mahindra World City project, on-ground implementation experience is currently available only with
international firms who have conceived and implemented such projects in different parts of the
world,”
Foreign firms can handle and visualize massive scale projects, their designs are innovative, they
create not only buildings they create landmarks
Working with foreign architects gives us exposure to international standards and lot to learn from
their use of detailing and modern materials
New generation of foreign architects were involved in creating a new skyline for India with the
help of glittering computer generated images
Invasion of foreign architects in India is not a new phenomenon,
-Lutyens New Delhi and Le Corbusier,
-Ahmedabad’s Indian Institute of Management reflects Louis Kahn’s trademark style of veering
towards monolithic masses resembling ancient ruins.
-Christopher Charles Benninger designed the Mahindra United World College of India, near Pune.
-British-born Laurie Baker planned the Fishermen’s Village in Poonthura in Kerala,
-American Joseph Stein gave shape to Delhi’s India International Centre.
FOREIGN ARCHITECTS IN INDIA
“Booming economy has prompted developers to bring in
foreign architects to design everything from airport to residential
and office tower to resorts”
Foreign architects bring in tried, tested and function precision
process in the way projects are designed and built
They pair up with the Indian expertise on the ground to get the
things done and built
Foreign architects brings the foreign solutions and design principles
which may not work in all parts of India
They are literally bringing New York, Chicago, Shanghai to
Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi and countless other towns and cities
Only time will decide whether this way is successful in long run.
Made in India, but designed by clutch of foreign of architects,
looking to cash on the country's real estate boom
RMJM UK based company has 38 projects under way in India &
now is looking a permanent base in Mumbai
Celebrated British architect Lord Norman foster has entered India
in a tie up with a Mumbai based real estate firm, the Neptune group
Well healed buyers respond to designers with international
reputation, as much as they respond to luxury label, it adds
additional validation of for their choice
Foreign Architects in India
Is Not a New Phenomenon

The application of Information Technologies (IT) is moving forward with
tremendous speed affecting all industries and professions; our building profession is
no exception.
Today we witness that the idea of architectural project is not the same as it was
during the renaissance, the baroque or even 20 years ago
We are now in digital age, where architects find a new way to represent , express,
generate and construct buildings through digital information
Technological revolutions affect processes and products of architecture.
Information technology has the potential of transforming current design processes
into a network of design, manufacturing, and management organizations where
multiple professions are involved and geographic locations are insignificant.
Paradigm shift in architecture and construction industry has been originated by
the BIM design and management methodology, where the primary causal elements
are: Transfer in computer software techniques from procedural algorithmic
programming languages to object-oriented; and Change in the building
representation from drawings and written specifications to integrated models,
taking building elements and spaces as the starting point
BIM acts as an integrated, comprehensive building model which stores
information contained in traditional building documents, such as drawings,
specification, and construction details, in a centralized or distributed database.
since all the relevant information is organized as a database, rather than sets of
drawings, specifications, etc
Goal of using BIM is to provide a common structure for information sharing that
can be used by all agents in the design process and construction, as well as for the
facility management after a building is constructed and occupied
Information contained in BIM can be used internally for analysis and simulations,
such as structural analysis or energy performance.
Construction documentation is automatically generated and updated when the
changes are made to the model. The information about the model can also be
extracted for external applications.
The major benefits of BIMs
-Ability to create views and schedules dynamically and automatically
-Instant reflection of changes in all drawings and schedules
-Single integrated file for a project
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & ITS IMPACT ON ARCHITETURE

The elderly, ill pregnant, obese, children, persons with
fracture or with luggage could all be described as passing
through a phase of disability
During that phase each one has the right to live in dignity.
Accessibility cannot be an aspect of sympathy , but its an right
of every of individual.
BARRIER FREE ENVIRONMENT
“ DISABILITY IS A PHASE, EVERYONE AT ONE POINT OR THE OTHER PASSES THROUGH SUCH PHASES”

FOUR MAJOR CATEGORY OF DISABILITIES & ITS GUIDELINES FOR BARRIER FREE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
1) SITE DEVELOPMENT
- Access Path/Walk Way
Access path from plot entry and surface parking to Building entrance shall be
minimum of 1800 mm. wide having even surface without any steps.
Slope, if any, shall not have gradient greater than 5%.
Finishes shall have a non slip surface with a texture traversable by a wheel
chair.
Selection of floor material shall be made suitably to attract or to guide visually
impaired persons
-Parking
a) Surface parking for two Car Spaces shall be provided near entrance for the
physically handicapped persons with maximum travel distance of 30.0 meter
from building entrance.
b) The width of parking bay shall be minimum 3.6 meter
c) The information stating that the space is reserved for wheel chair users shall
be conspicuously displayed.
d) Guiding floor materials shall be provided or a device which guides visually
impaired persons with audible signals or other devices shall be provided.
-Approach to plinth level
Every building should have at least one entrance accessible to the
handicapped and shall be indicated by proper signage.
This entrance shall be approached through a ramp together with
the stepped entry.
Ramp shall be finished with non slip material of Minimum width
1800 mm. & with maximum gradient 1:12,
 length of ramp shall not exceed 9.0 meter having 800 mm high
hand rail on both sides extending 300 mm. beyond top and bottom
of the ramp
For stepped approach size of tread shall not be less than 300 mm.
and maximum riser shall be 150 mm.
 Provision of 800 mm. high hand rail on both sides of the stepped
approach similar to the ramped approach.

2) BUILDING REQUIREMENTS
-Exit/Entrance Door
 Minimum clear opening of the entrance door shall be 900 mm. and it shall not be provided with a
step that obstructs the passage of a wheel chair user. Threshold shall not be raised more than 12 mm.
-Entrance Landing
 Entrance landing shall be provided adjacent to ramp with the minimum dimension 1800 mm x 2000
mm provided with floor materials to attract the attention of visually impaired persons
-Corridor connecting the entrance/exit for the handicapped
The minimum width shall be 1500 mm
‘Guiding floor materials’ shall be provided or devices that emit sound to guide visually impaired
persons
In case there is a difference of level slope ways shall be provided with a slope of 1:12
-Toilets
One special W.C. in a set of toilet shall be
provided for the use of handicapped, with essential
provision of wash basin near the entrance for the
handicapped
The minimum size shall be 1500 mm x 1750 mm
Minimum clear opening of the door shall be 900
mm and the door shall swing out
Suitable arrangement of vertical/horizontal
handrails with 50 mm. clearance from wall shall be
made in the toilet.
The W.C. seat shall be 500 mm. from the floor
-Lifts
provision of at least one lift shall be made
for the wheel chair user
Clear internal depth & width : 1100 mm.
2000 mm
Entrance door width : 900 mm.
A hand rail not less than 600 mm. long at
1000 mm. above floor level shall be fixed
adjacent to the control panel
 The lift lobby shall be of an inside
measurement of 1800 mm x 1800 mm. or
more.
The time of an automatically closing door
should be minimum 5 seconds and the
closing speed should not exceed 0.25
Meter/Sec.
The interior of the cage shall be provided
with a device that audibly indicates the floor
It should also indicates that the door of the
cage for entrance/exit is either open or
closed.
-Stair-ways
The minimum width shall be 1350 mm.
Height of the riser shall not be more than 150 mm
and width of the tread 300 mm. The steps shall not
have abrupt (square) nosing.
Maximum number of risers on a flight shall be
limited to 12
Hand rails shall be provided on both sides

COASTAL REGULATION ZONE
CRZ-II
This category includes areas that have already been developed up to or close to the shoreline. For this purpose, the term ‘developed area’ is used for
areas within municipal limits or in other legally designated urban areas that are already substantially built up and have been provided with drainage,
approach roads, and other infrastructural facilities.
CRZ-III
Areas that are relatively undisturbed and do not belong to the first two categories. These will include coastal zones in rural areas (developed and
undeveloped), areas within municipal limits, or in legally designated urban areas that are not substantially built up
CRZ-IV
Coastal stretches in the Andaman & Nicobar, Lakshadweep and small islands, except those designated as CRZ-I, CRZ-II, or CRZ-III.
CRZ-I
a.) Areas that are ecologically sensitive and important, such as national parks/marine parks,
sanctuaries, reserve forests, wildlife habitats, mangroves, corals/coral reefs, areas close to
breeding and spawning grounds of fish and other marine life, areas of outstanding natural
beauty/historically/heritage areas, areas rich in genetic diversity, areas likely to be inundated due
to rise in sea level consequent upon global warming, and such other areas as may be declared by
the central government or the concerned authorities at the state/union territory level from time to
time.
b.) Areas between the LTL and HTL.
Under the Environment Protection Act, 1991 of India by the Ministry of Environment and Forests,
the coastal land up to 500m from the High Tide Line (HTL) and a stage of 100m along banks of
creeks, estuaries, backwater and rivers subject to tidal fluctuations, is called the Coastal
Regulation Zone(CRZ).
CRZ along the country has been placed in four categories.

CRZ-I
No new construction shall be permitted in
CRZ- I areas except
 (a) projects relating to the Department of
Atomic Energy
(b) pipelines, conveying systems including
transmission lines
exploration and extraction of oil & natural gas
CRZ-II
Buildings shall be permitted only on the landward
side of the existing road or on the landward side
of existing authorized structures. These buildings
will be subject to the existing local town and
country planning regulations including the
existing norms of floor space index (FSI)/floor
area ratio (FAR).
CRZ-III
Areas up to 200 metres from the HTL have
to be earmarked as a ‘No Development
Zone’.
The following uses, however, may be
permissible in this zone:
Agriculture, horticulture, gardens, pastures,
parks, play fields, forestry, and salt
manufacturing from sea water.
Vacant plots between 200 and 500 metres
of the HTL in designated areas of CRZ-III can
be developed with prior approval from the
Ministry of Environment and Forests (MEF).
The construction/reconstruction of dwelling
units between 200 and 500 metres of the HTL
permitted if they are within the ambit of
traditional rights and customary uses such as
existing fishing villages.
Building permissions for such
construction/reconstruction will be subject to
the conditions that the total number of
dwelling units shall not be more than twice
the number of existing units,
 the total covered area on all floors shall
not exceed 33 per cent of the plot size,
the overall height of construction shall not
exceed 9 metres, and the construction shall
not be more than 2 floors (ground plus one).
Construction is allowed for permissible
activities under the notification including
facilities essential for such activities.
CRZ-IV
No new construction of buildings shall be
permitted within 200 metres of the HTL; except
facilities for generating power by non
conventional energy sources, desalination plants
and construction of airstrips and associated
facilities.
The buildings between 50 and 500 metres from
the High Tide Line shall not have more than 2
floors (ground floor and first floor),the total
covered area on all floors shall not be more than
50 per cent of the plot size and the total height
of construction shall not exceed 9 metres;
The design and construction of buildings shall
be consistent with the surrounding landscape
and local architectural style
Corals from the beaches and coastal waters
shall not be used for construction and other
purposes.

HERITAGE ACT
India is one of the countries possessing rich cultural and
natural heritage
Heritage is the identity of every country, and they are putting
considerable efforts to preserve and protect their centuries old
rich heritage
various policies and laws are framed for preservation,
protection and proper management of the cultural heritage at
the state and central level in India
Article 49 of the Indian Constitution aims to protect
monuments and places and objects of national importance
India had its first law way back two centuries ago in form of
Bengal Regulation XIX of 1810 and this was followed by
legislation Madras Regulation VII of 1817
The Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878 was promulgated to
protect and preserve treasure found accidentally but had the
archaeological and historical value. This Act was enacted to
protect and preserve such treasures and their lawful disposal
The Ancient Monuments Preservation Act, 1904 was
promulgated & provided effective preservation and authority
over the monument particularly those, which were under the
custody of individual or private ownership
The Antiquities Export Control Act, 1947 and Rules thereto
which provided a regulation over the export of antiquities
In 1951, The Ancient and Historical Monuments and
Archaeological Sites and Remains (Declaration of National
Importance) Act, 1951 was enacted
 Consequently, all the ancient and historical monuments and
archaeological sites and remains protected earlier under ‘The
Ancient Monuments Preservation Act, 1904
The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and
Remains Act 1958 was enacted on 28th August 1958. This Act
provides for the preservation of ancient and historical
monuments and archaeological sites and remains of national
importance for the regulation of archaeological excavations and
for the protection of sculptures, carvings and other like objects
Various states are having and proposed laws for their respective states
-i.e. Tamil Nadu Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act,
1966,
- The Hampi World Heritage Area Management Authority Act, 2002,
-Orissa Ancient Monuments and Preservation Act, 1956,
- Rajasthan Monuments, Archaeological Sites and Antiquities Act, 1961,
- The Madhya Pradesh Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains
Act, 1964,
-Victoria Memorial Act, 1903, Salar Jung Museum Act...
Central Government proposed National Commission for Heritage Sites Bill in
2009 to comply with the World Heritage Convention.
This commission will recommend short term, long term policies to the state and
central government, conduct research

INTACH
 Indian National Trust For Culture And Heritage is a non profit NGO established in the year 1984 to involve its
members to protect and conserve India's culture and heritage
 its mission was to conserve heritage, it believes that living in harmony with heritage enhances the quality of life
MISSION OF INTACH
 To sensitize the public and pluralistic legacy of India
To instill a sense of social responsibility towards preserving India's common heritage
 To Protect And Preserve India's Heritage By Necessary Actions And Measures
Document All Unprotected Buildings Of Architectural, archeological, historical & Aesthetic Significance Buildings
 Develop heritage policies and regulations and make legal interventions to protect India's heritage when necessary
Provide Expertise In The Field Of Conservation, restoration And Preservation Through Various Training program me
Undertake emergency measures during man made and natural disaster and to support the local administration
whenever heritage is threatened
Generate sponsorships for conservation and educational projects
Foster collaborations with national and international agencies
MADRAS CLUB, EXPRESS ESTATE
INTACH tried to save the building but failed in its efforts to persuade the owners, one of the heirs to the Indian Express Estate whose
Ramnath Goenka had bought the property in 1946
(when the judge in effect wondered what, though it might well be a heritage property, was the law that prevented its owner from
pulling it down. Sadly, that remains pretty much the situation on the heritage front today)
EXPRESS AVENUEMADRAS CLUB

FACTORY ACT
In India, the First factories Act was passed in 1881. This Act
was basically designed to protect children and to provide few
measures for health and safety of the workers.
 This law was applicable to only those factories, which
employed 100 or more workers. In 1891 another Factories Act
was passed which extended to the factories employee 50 or
more workers.
The main objective of Factories Act, 1948 is to ensure
adequate safety measures and to promote the health and
safety and welfare of the workers employed in factories.
 The act also makes provisions regarding employment of
women and young persons(including children & adolescents),
annual leave with wages etc.
The Act extended to whole of India including Jammu &
Kashmir and covers all manufacturing processes and
establishments
it is also applicable to factories belonging to Central/State
Government
Provisions regarding welfare of workers
-Washing Facilities
-Facilities for Storing & Drying clothing
-Facilities for Sitting
- First Aid facilities
-Canteens, Shelters, Rest Rooms & Lunch Rooms
-Creches
-Welfare Officers
It aims at providing health facilities
-Cleanliness
-Disposal of Wastes & Effluents
-Ventilations & Temperature
-Dust & Fumes
-Artificial Humidification
-Overcrowding
-Lighting
-Drinking Water
-Latrines & Urinals
-Spittoons
Factories act includes:
-Health
-Safety
-Welfare
-Working Hours Of Adults
-Annual Leave With wages
Working Hours Of Adults:
-Weekly Hours: < 48 hours
-Weekly Holidays : at least 1 holiday in a week
-Compensatory Holidays
-Daily Hours : < 9 hours
-Intervals for rest : at least half an hour
-Night Shifts
-Prohibition of Overlapping Shifts, not more than 2 cont shift
-Extra wages for overtime
Restriction On Employment Of Women & Children:
-Work between 6 a.m. to 7 p.m. only
-Strictly restriction for women for employment between 10 p.m.
to 5 a.m.
-Employment of women in night shift is permitted only in the
case of fish-curing and fish-canning
Provisions regarding hazardous processes
-Constitution of Site Appraisal Committee
-Compulsory Disclosure of Information
-Special Responsibility of the occupier in relation to Hazardous processes
-Maintaining accurate and up-to-date health and medical records of workers exposed
to any chemical, toxic or any other harmful substances
-Appointing qualified, experienced & compete persons for protecting the workers
-Providing for medical examination of every worker at intervals

STUDENTS TASK NO 5
“RESOLVING THE DISPUTES “
STUDENTS WERE GUIDED TO IDENTIFY THE VARIOUS DISPUTES OF OUR BUILDING INDUSTRY AND
UNDERSTAND THE PROCEDURE INVOLVED IN RESOLVING IT
(Imaginary firms created by the students in the previous class,
Will address one dispute discussion will happen in the form of skit)

OWNER ARCHITECT CONTRACTOR
DISPUTE
DISPUTE DISPUTE
Lack of supervision
payment and fees issues
Professional service
Delay of project
Quality issues
Construction defects
Rectification of defects etc
Lack of supervision
Bill clearance
Dispute over the contract
DISPUTES THAT MIGHT ARISE DURING THE
PROJECT
PROJECT ARCHITECT
The quasi arbitrator
the architect must be fair and should obtain the complete views of
both sides before making the decision
The parties’ acceptance of the architect’s decision is usually the most
economical way to end the controversy.
30 days is the time period for solving the dispute
ARBITRATION
If the dispute cannot be settled by the architect’s decision or by
mediation, then it will be subject to arbitration.
It’s a method of resolving disputes between two parties by a third
party
30 days is the time period for solving the dispute
Arbitrator decision is the final
CONCILIATION / MEDIATION
 If the parties cannot mutually accept the architect’s decision, then
the claim is referred to mediation
 Mediation is a procedure in which a mutually acceptable
disinterested, impartial intermediary meets and talks with both sides,
together and separately, and assists them in their negotiations.
The mediator does not impose any decisions on the parties but
instead helps them to arrive at their own voluntary resolution.
RESOLVING OF DISPUTES

Method of resolving the disputes outside
the court
Arbitration is a system whereby a
disinterested neutral person or panel of
three hears the evidence and arguments of
both sides in a dispute and then makes a
decision.
Unlike litigation, arbitration is private and
confidential and arbitral awards are not
published.
It’s an old established practice in every
civilized society (village panchayat system)
ARBITRATION
VILLAGE PANCHAYAT SYSTEM
ARBITRATION
ARBITRATION LITIGATION - COVENTIONAL COURT SYSTEM
Informal Formal
Less Expensive ( arbitrator fees & logistics,
stenography)
Expensive
Quicker ( lesser than the trial ) Time consuming
Relation between parties remains cordial Strained relations between the parties
Civil Civil and criminal
Confidentiality/ private between the parties Open to public in a court room
Usually binding no appeal possible Appeal possible
Parties select Specialized highly technical
arbitrators
Court appoints judge parties doesn’t have
much input so ending up with usual judge
An arbitration agreement is a written contract in which two or more parties agree to settle a
dispute outside of court.
Arbitration agreement is ordinarily a clause in a contract document
The dispute written on the agreement may be about the performance of a specific contract, a claim
of unfair or illegal treatment in the workplace, a faulty product, among other various issues.
The Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996 is an Act that regulates domestic arbitration in India
ARBITRATION AGREEMENT
Binding arbitration involves the submission of a dispute to a neutral party who hears the case and
makes a decision.
Appeal is not possible in future if arbitration is binded
Arbitration takes the place of a trial before a judge or jury (Arbitrator).
Additionally, the grounds for appealing or setting aside the arbitration decision are very limited and
many times may not be available at all.
If a person signs a contract that has a mandatory, binding arbitration agreement, he or she gives up
the right to go to court.
ARBITRATION BINDING

The fees of the Arbitrator and expenses of arbitration shall be borne equally by the
parties unless the Sole Arbitrator otherwise directs in his award with reasons
The lump sum fees of the Arbitrator shall be Rs. 40,000/- per case for transportation
Contracts
If the sole Arbitrator completes award within 5 months of accepting his appointment, he
shall be paid Rs. 10,000/- additionally as bonus.
Reasonable actual expenses for stenographer, etc. will be reimbursed.
Fees shall be paid stage wise i.e. 25% on acceptance, 25% on completion of
pleadings/documentation, 25% on completion of arguments and balance on receipt of
award by the parties.
ARBITRATOR FEES STRUCTURE
1)FILLING AND INITIATION FOR ARBITRATION
An arbitration case begins when one party submits a
Demand for Arbitration to the COA.
The other party (the respondent) is notified by the
COA and a deadline is set for response.
2)ARBITRATOR SELECTION
The COA works with the parties to identify and select an
arbitration based on the criteria determined by the
parties.
3)PRELIMINARY HEARING
The arbitrator conducts a preliminary hearing with the
parties, to discuss the issues in the case and procedural
matters, such as witnesses, depositions, sharing
information, and other matters.
4)INFORMATION EXCHANGE AND PREPARATION
The parties then prepare for presentations and
exchange information.
5)HEARING
At the hearing, both parties may present testimony
and evidence to the arbitrator. Unless the case is very
complex, this is usually the only hearing before the
arbitrator.
6)POST HEARING SUBMISSION
After the hearing, both parties may present additional
documentation, as allowed by the arbitrator.
7)THE ARBITRATION AWARD
Finally, the arbitrator closes the record on the case and
issues a decision, including an award
ARBITRATION PROCEEDINGS
It refers to a decision made by the arbitrator in an arbitration proceedings
Its similar to a judgment in a court of law.
Award is of a non-monetary nature where all of the claimant's claims fail and thus no
money needs to be paid by either party
ARBITRATION AWARD
An arbitral tribunal is a panel of one or more adjudicators to resolve a dispute by way of
arbitration.
It consist of a sole arbitrator, or two or more arbitrators (Joint arbitrator) which might
include either a chairman or an umpire.
Ideal composition of an arbitral tribunal should include at least one economist,
particularly in cases that involve questions of asset or damages valuation
ARBITRATION TRIBUNAL

ROLE OF PROJECT ARCHITECT & EXCEPTED MATTERS
Clause no 5 (ARCHITECTS INTERPRETATION)
– Drawings furnished to the contractor by the project architect, the
decision of project architect or his interpretation of his drawings will
be final (discrepancies occurred may be related to scale of drawing,
dimension or certain finishes)
Clause no 9 (ARCHITECTS INSTRUCTION)
– Architect is empowered to issue instructions to contractors from
time to time, If the instruction is given orally or on telephone, that has
to be confirmed in written format.
Clause no 19 (ARCHITECTS FIELD ORGANIZATION & EQUIPMENT)
– If there is a dispute about the manner of doing any work or
provision of any equipment or tools for a particular job, the decision
of architect is final
Clause no 25 (ASSIGNMENT & SUBLETTING)
– This clause states that the contractor will seek architects permission
to either assign or sublet a part of the work, architects will not un
reasonably with hold such a permission , but if he refuses to give such
a permission, his decision his final, contractor will be obliged to carry
out that particular work himself, or find another agency acceptable to
project architect
Clause no 26 (SUB CONTRACTORS)
– Main contractor is responsible for coordination of work of all sub
contractors who are involved in the project with the knowledge and consent
of the project architect,
-- Under certain circumstances the project architect can advise owner to
issue direct payments to sub contract and deduct the same from main
contractor bills.
-- Providing facilities like water, electricity, scaffolding, sanitary facilities,
workers storage facilities at the site my main contractor to all subcontractor,
given by the project architect is the final
Clause no 36 (MATERIALS & WORKANSHIP)
-- Regarding the quality of material, workmanship of various parts of building
relating to defective Work, level, color shades etc given by the architect is
final

Clause no 40 (EXTENSION OF TIME TO CONTRACTOR)
-- There are 10 grounds on which the contractor, request extension of
time
-- Out of ten, five grounds are such that architects decision is the final,
-- Remaining five grounds are follows:
a) FORCE MAJEURE
- particular superior force prevents the contractor from fulfilling his
duty
- for ex, extraordinary occurrence which could have been foreseen &
which couldn’t have been guarded against like natural disasters
storm, earthquake, big tide etc
a) EXCEPTIONALLY INCLEMENT WEATHER
-If the disruption caused by weather is on an unprecedented scale
then only it is termed as exceptional. same applies to heat waves or
snowfall etc
b) CIVIL COMMOTION, STRIKES ETC
-Transport workers strike, railway strike, construction workers strike,
political, social violent disturbances can paralyze the entire
construction industry
-In above such cases request for extension of time is valid
-but if there are strikes which do not affect construction activity, there
cannot be ground for granting extension of time
d) DELAY ON THE PART OF NOMINATED SUB CONTRACTOR OR
NOMINATED SUPPLIER
-Claiming of extension of time may be due to the delay by either sub
contractor or supplier, same may be decided by the project architect.
-At times delay on part of sub contractor or supplier may not affect the
progress of certain types of work, In such case project architect would
be justified if he refuses extension of time.
e) DELAY ON ACCOUNT OF ARTISTS AND TRADESMEN ENGAGED BY THE
OWNER
-Specialized works like signage, murals, display signs, sculptural
panels, decorative metal work etc the owner employs the renowned
artists or specialized tradesmen and agencies.
-Delay caused by such agencies may not affect the work of main
contractor, even if it does, to what extent the contractor should get
extension of time will finally depend upon the project architects
judgment

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