Implications of Core Self-Evaluations for Employers and Employees

1. Is Positive Self-Concept a Categorical Imperative?: Implications of Core Self-Evaluations for Employers and Employees Timothy A. Judge University of Florida, USA Workshop on Research Advances in Organizational Behavior and Human Resources Management University of Toulouse, France 18 May 2009

10. Genetic Source of CSE Note : r 12 =correlation between Twin 1 and Twin 2. Source : Judge & Ilies (under review) ** ** ** * 103 .07 61 .33 Work stress 109 .18 65 .33 Job satisfaction 181 .19 113 .45 CSE N (twins) r 12 N (twins) r 12 Dizygotic (fraternal) twins Monozygotic (identical) twins

11. Control for Shared Environment Note : r 12 =correlation between Twin 1 and Twin 2. Source : Judge & Ilies (under review) ** ** ** * 103 .07 61 .33 Work stress 109 .18 65 .33 Job satisfaction 181 .18 113 .44 CSE N (twins) r 12 N (twins) r 12 Dizygotic (fraternal) twins Monozygotic (identical) twins

13. Role of Brains and Beauty Source : Judge, Hurst, & Simon (in press, JAP ) Core Self- Evaluations General Mental Ability Physical Attractiveness Educational Attainment Income (Time 2) Financial Strains (Time 3) Demographics (Age, Race, Sex) .51 ** .23 ** .21 ** .19 ** .41 ** .24 ** .13 * .18 ** .23 ** -.31 ** -.26 **

18. Stressors Source : Judge, Woolf, Schilpzand, and Hurst ( in preparation ) There is insufficient research linking CSES to stressors, stress, and strain. In this study we meta-analyzed link between each core trait and stressors (here, role ambig- uity). How do results inform?

19. Stress Source : Judge, Woolf, Schilpzand, and Hurst ( in preparation ) There is insufficient research linking CSES to stressors, stress, and strain. In this study we meta-analyzed link between each core trait and global stress measures. How do results inform? Black square – mean estimate Grey bars – upper and lower values of 95% confidence interval

20. Strain Source : Judge, Woolf, Schilpzand, and Hurst ( in preparation ) There is insufficient research linking CSES to stressors, stress, and strain. In this study we meta-analyzed link between each core trait and strain (here, burnout) How do results inform? Black square – mean estimate Grey bars – upper and lower values of 95% confidence interval

21. Coping Source : Kammeyer-Mueller, Judge, & Scott ( JAP , 2009)

22. Career Success Trajectories Source : Judge and Hurst ( JAP , 2008) Careers (in form of pay [shown here], occup- ational prestige, job satisfaction, and career Satisfaction) ascend more rapidly with the passage of time for those with high CSE (+1 SD) than those with low CSE (-1 SD). Over 25 years, pay gap increases from $7,791 to $20,778.

23. Receipt of OCBs and CWBs Core Self-Evaluations of Employee † Employee Popularity ‡ Organizational Citizenship Behaviors Received by Employee † As rated by employee’s significant other. ‡ As rated by employee’s co-workers. Source : Scott & Judge ( JAP , 2008) Counterproductive Behaviors Received by Employee Communication Network Centrality of Employee .27 * .38 * .28 * -.18 .32 * -.06 -.30 *

25. Favorability of Early Life Predicted Income 1994-2002 Parents’ Education in 1979 High CSE people profit more from parents being highly educated Source : Judge & Hurst ( JAP , 2007)

26. Favorability of Early Life Predicted Income 1994-2002 Parents’ Occupational Prestige 1979 Roofer Carpenter Musician Therapist Economist Waiter Plumber Nurse(RN) Manager Chemist High CSE people profit more from parents’ occ. prestige Source : Judge & Hurst ( JAP , 2007)

27. Favorability of Environment CSE more positively related to performance when individuals work under effective leaders Source : Kacmar, Collins, Harris, and Judge (under review)

28. Favorability of Environment CSE was more positively related to performance when individuals had high levels of intrinsic job satisfaction Source : Kacmar, Collins, Harris, and Judge (under review)

29. Culture Collectivism was associated with higher job satisfaction moreso for high CSE people Sample of 269 employees of large electronics company in PRC Source : Judge & Sun (in preparation)

30. Culture Collectivism was associated with higher levels of OCBs only for high CSE people Sample of 269 employees of large electronics company in PRC Source : Judge & Sun (in preparation)

32. State and Trait Source : Judge & Klinger (in preparation) People with high trait CSE earned more State CSE positively predicted income the following year… But only for those with low trait CSE

33. State and Trait People who had lower trait CSE had higher unemployment rates State CSE led to lower unemployment rates in the following year State CSE was more strongly linked to lower unemployment rates for low trait CSE people Source : Judge & Klinger (in preparation)

35. Costs and Limits What Do These Species Have in Common?

36. Costs and Limits Notes : Estimates are β s. N=164. † p < .10. * p < .05. ** p < .01. Source : Erez and Judge (in preparation) .28 ** .39 ** .32 ** Core self-evaluations .23 ** .06 .16 † Conscientiousness -.07 .13 -.05 Agreeableness -.11 -.07 -.07 Openness .05 -.02 .05 Extraversion .20 * .31** .16 Neuroticism Task Performance Contextual Performance Overall Job Performance

38. Costs and Limits Source : Judge, Cable, and Klinger (in progress) High CSE people are much more likely to chose an interaction partner who will give them positive feedback

40. Thank you! All published and in press papers, and copies of these slides, available at: http://www.ufstudies.net/tim/VITA/index.htm Questions?