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Doing Density Properly 
presentation by 
Gillian King 
Sustainable Jill 
to 
Density by Design 
Canberra Urban & Regional Futures forum 
University of Canberra 
22 September 2014
About me 
• Sustainability facilitator bringing together 
people, information & ideas 
• 20 years Aust Gov’t policy, management 
– mainly environment, industry & ageing 
• Long-term interest in climate change & 
urban planning 
– scientist, policy-maker, community member
Doing Density Properly 
1. Getting the process ‘right’ 
• How? 
2. Getting the outcomes ‘right’ 
• What?
Doing Density Properly 
1. Getting the process ‘right’ 
• How?
Doing density properly
WORSE UNDER PRESSURE
Doing density properly
Maybe it’s not just residents…
Doing density properly
Doing density properly
Doing density properly
OPENNESS 
Transparency 
Communication 
Ideas
Transparency 
• Making policies, regulations & rules 
• Implementation 
• Communication 
– Internal 
– External
Transparency 
Residents don’t like having to: 
• Keep the government/council honest 
• Ensure that policies are implemented 
• Undertake cross-organisational 
communication 
– Right Hand doesn’t know what Left 
Hand is doing
Communication 
• Respect 
• Thorough 
– Communication is 1 of 9 key elements of PM 
– Multi-directional 
• Continuing 
• Iterative 
– Not ‘straight line’, ‘simple’ project 
– Complicated and ‘complex’ program
Complicated and complex?! 
• Complicated 
= lots of bits that need to be integrate (requires 
technical skills) 
• Complex 
= politics and people not aligned or not knowing 
what has to be done (requires people skills) 
• Project 
= single significant deliverable 
• Program 
= multiple deliverables that need integrated to 
achieve a goal or benefit. 
(With thanks to Association for Project Management)
Doing density properly
Collaboration
Continuum of Collaboration 
Collaborative practice can be seen as a continuum of relationships: 
• Integration: 
– Single purpose and processes. 
– The outcome is the empowerment of community. 
• Collaboration: 
– An agreed partnership with shared values and approach. 
– The definition of requirement and forming solutions is a joint process. 
– Community solutions are integrated and shared. 
• Coordination: 
– Organisation of different entities to achieve a shared objective. 
– The community is involved and concerns and aspirations are considered. 
• Co-operation: 
– Shared vision but autonomous in delivery of service. 
– Community is consulted in developing solutions. 
• Autonomy: 
– Independent action. 
– Community is informed of action. 
(With thanks to Neil Greet, Collaborative Outcomes)
Continuum of Collaboration 
Collaborative practice can be seen as a continuum of relationships: 
• Integration: 
– Single purpose and processes. 
– The outcome is the empowerment of community. 
• Collaboration: 
– An agreed partnership with shared values and approach. 
– The definition of requirement and forming solutions is a joint process. 
– Community solutions are integrated and shared. 
• Coordination: 
– Organisation of different entities to achieve a shared objective. 
– The community is involved and concerns and aspirations are considered. 
• Co-operation: 
– Shared vision but autonomous in delivery of service. 
– Community is consulted in developing solutions. 
• Autonomy: 
– Independent action. 
– Community is informed of action. 
(With thanks to Neil Greet, Collaborative Outcomes)
Collaboration 
• Agreed partnership 
– shared values 
– shared approach 
• Joint process to: 
– define requirements 
– form solutions 
• Community solutions are: 
– integrated 
– shared
Collaboration
Collaboration 
The ONLY way to address the 
complicated and complex 
challenges of the future
Collaboration 
• ‘proper’ consultation 
• wisdom of crowds 
• better relationships & breaking down 
barriers 
• increased satisfaction within 
communities 
• changed attitudes
Doing Density Properly 
1. Getting the process ‘right’ 
• How? 
2. Getting the outcomes ‘right’ 
• What?
Challenges…
Goals? 
• Comfort 
• Amenity 
• Opportunities for interaction 
• Shelter from weather 
& climate change
Goals? 
• Local conservation 
– uncontaminated soil 
– nutrients 
– vegetation 
– biological diversity 
– ecosystems and ecological processes 
– wildlife corridors
Goals? 
• Transport choices 
– active & public transport obvious 
– car infrastructure focussed on 
people with impaired mobility
Goals? 
• Self-sufficiency in: 
– electricity; 
– heating and cooling; 
– water; 
– stormwater management; and 
– sewage management.
Goals? 
• Provision for food-growing 
– urban farming 
– food forestry 
– self-sufficiency in fruit, vegetables 
& fish?
And the result?
It might be very different to what 
we see around Canberra today…
Ecopolis Complex in Valencia, Spain by Luis de Garrido 
Image: http://www.architecturelist.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/4.-Ecopol-+-llum-3.jpg
‘Farming Kindergarten’ by Vo Trong Nghia Architects, Vietnam features an accessible 
functioning farm on its roof. Image: Architecture&Design, http://bit.ly/1wPtnqPl
Puyallup Longhouse (Place of Hidden Waters), Tacoma, Washington, US. 
US Green Building Council's LEED for Homes 2012 Project of the Year
Hundertwasser building, Vienna. 
Image: http://ellerg.blogspot.com.au/2009_04_01_archive.html
Jean Renaudie’s housing complex in Ivry sur Seine, France 
. http://thefunambulistdotnet.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/renaudie-05-a4.jpg
The AC ROS Fukuoka, Japan . Image: http://ellerg.blogspot.com.au/2009_04_01_archive.html
Aysir Residences in Bodrum, Turkey by Suyabatmaz Demirel Architects. 
Image: http://www.suyabatmazdemirel.com/aysir-2-residences/
Jystrup_Savværk_cohousing community,Jystrup,Denmark. Architects: Vandkunsten 
Image: seier+seier, flikr
New Urban Streets - Fused Grid 
Image: Urban Grammar, Flickr
Doing density properly
Image: http://27.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m2z 55cVeJp1qjx5gso1_500.jpg
Conclusion 
Doing density properly means: 
• collaborative process of planning and 
design 
• focussed on integrating multiple objectives 
to meet community & environmental 
needs
Doing density properly
www.SustainableJill.com 
Follow me on: 
 0407 953 959 
Twitter (GillKing01) 
Facebook 
Pinterest 
LinkedIn (Gill King)

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Doing density properly

  • 1. Doing Density Properly presentation by Gillian King Sustainable Jill to Density by Design Canberra Urban & Regional Futures forum University of Canberra 22 September 2014
  • 2. About me • Sustainability facilitator bringing together people, information & ideas • 20 years Aust Gov’t policy, management – mainly environment, industry & ageing • Long-term interest in climate change & urban planning – scientist, policy-maker, community member
  • 3. Doing Density Properly 1. Getting the process ‘right’ • How? 2. Getting the outcomes ‘right’ • What?
  • 4. Doing Density Properly 1. Getting the process ‘right’ • How?
  • 8. Maybe it’s not just residents…
  • 13. Transparency • Making policies, regulations & rules • Implementation • Communication – Internal – External
  • 14. Transparency Residents don’t like having to: • Keep the government/council honest • Ensure that policies are implemented • Undertake cross-organisational communication – Right Hand doesn’t know what Left Hand is doing
  • 15. Communication • Respect • Thorough – Communication is 1 of 9 key elements of PM – Multi-directional • Continuing • Iterative – Not ‘straight line’, ‘simple’ project – Complicated and ‘complex’ program
  • 16. Complicated and complex?! • Complicated = lots of bits that need to be integrate (requires technical skills) • Complex = politics and people not aligned or not knowing what has to be done (requires people skills) • Project = single significant deliverable • Program = multiple deliverables that need integrated to achieve a goal or benefit. (With thanks to Association for Project Management)
  • 19. Continuum of Collaboration Collaborative practice can be seen as a continuum of relationships: • Integration: – Single purpose and processes. – The outcome is the empowerment of community. • Collaboration: – An agreed partnership with shared values and approach. – The definition of requirement and forming solutions is a joint process. – Community solutions are integrated and shared. • Coordination: – Organisation of different entities to achieve a shared objective. – The community is involved and concerns and aspirations are considered. • Co-operation: – Shared vision but autonomous in delivery of service. – Community is consulted in developing solutions. • Autonomy: – Independent action. – Community is informed of action. (With thanks to Neil Greet, Collaborative Outcomes)
  • 20. Continuum of Collaboration Collaborative practice can be seen as a continuum of relationships: • Integration: – Single purpose and processes. – The outcome is the empowerment of community. • Collaboration: – An agreed partnership with shared values and approach. – The definition of requirement and forming solutions is a joint process. – Community solutions are integrated and shared. • Coordination: – Organisation of different entities to achieve a shared objective. – The community is involved and concerns and aspirations are considered. • Co-operation: – Shared vision but autonomous in delivery of service. – Community is consulted in developing solutions. • Autonomy: – Independent action. – Community is informed of action. (With thanks to Neil Greet, Collaborative Outcomes)
  • 21. Collaboration • Agreed partnership – shared values – shared approach • Joint process to: – define requirements – form solutions • Community solutions are: – integrated – shared
  • 23. Collaboration The ONLY way to address the complicated and complex challenges of the future
  • 24. Collaboration • ‘proper’ consultation • wisdom of crowds • better relationships & breaking down barriers • increased satisfaction within communities • changed attitudes
  • 25. Doing Density Properly 1. Getting the process ‘right’ • How? 2. Getting the outcomes ‘right’ • What?
  • 27. Goals? • Comfort • Amenity • Opportunities for interaction • Shelter from weather & climate change
  • 28. Goals? • Local conservation – uncontaminated soil – nutrients – vegetation – biological diversity – ecosystems and ecological processes – wildlife corridors
  • 29. Goals? • Transport choices – active & public transport obvious – car infrastructure focussed on people with impaired mobility
  • 30. Goals? • Self-sufficiency in: – electricity; – heating and cooling; – water; – stormwater management; and – sewage management.
  • 31. Goals? • Provision for food-growing – urban farming – food forestry – self-sufficiency in fruit, vegetables & fish?
  • 33. It might be very different to what we see around Canberra today…
  • 34. Ecopolis Complex in Valencia, Spain by Luis de Garrido Image: http://www.architecturelist.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/4.-Ecopol-+-llum-3.jpg
  • 35. ‘Farming Kindergarten’ by Vo Trong Nghia Architects, Vietnam features an accessible functioning farm on its roof. Image: Architecture&Design, http://bit.ly/1wPtnqPl
  • 36. Puyallup Longhouse (Place of Hidden Waters), Tacoma, Washington, US. US Green Building Council's LEED for Homes 2012 Project of the Year
  • 37. Hundertwasser building, Vienna. Image: http://ellerg.blogspot.com.au/2009_04_01_archive.html
  • 38. Jean Renaudie’s housing complex in Ivry sur Seine, France . http://thefunambulistdotnet.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/renaudie-05-a4.jpg
  • 39. The AC ROS Fukuoka, Japan . Image: http://ellerg.blogspot.com.au/2009_04_01_archive.html
  • 40. Aysir Residences in Bodrum, Turkey by Suyabatmaz Demirel Architects. Image: http://www.suyabatmazdemirel.com/aysir-2-residences/
  • 42. New Urban Streets - Fused Grid Image: Urban Grammar, Flickr
  • 45. Conclusion Doing density properly means: • collaborative process of planning and design • focussed on integrating multiple objectives to meet community & environmental needs
  • 47. www.SustainableJill.com Follow me on:  0407 953 959 Twitter (GillKing01) Facebook Pinterest LinkedIn (Gill King)

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Thank you to Canberra Urban & Regional Futures for inviting me to talk at today’s forum. [I wish to acknowledge the traditional custodians of the land we are meeting on, the Ngunnawal people. I wish to acknowledge and respect their continuing culture and the contribution they make to the life of this city and this region. I would also like to acknowledge and welcome other Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who may be attending today’s event.]
  2. Sustainability facilitator bringing together people, information & ideas 20 years Aust Gov’t policy, management environment. industry & ageing Long-term interest in climate change & urban planning scientist, policy-maker, community member [particular focus on clear pathways to what is going to make the biggest differences to tackling the causes and effects climate change] What about you? How many of you are from Canberra? And how many are professional planners? …architects? …developers? …builders? …residents? (Hopefully everyone is a resident!)
  3. Today I am going to talk to you briefly about 2 aspects of doing density properly: Getting the process ‘right’ – the how Getting the outcomes ‘right’ – the what
  4. So let’s look briefly at the process of doing density properly – the how. Here I’ll be talking about community expectations and good practice. From my experience, the main things that the community want are involvement in setting policies and rules, and then trust that outcomes will be delivered as agreed.
  5. This is what happens if you don’t do density properly. And particularly if you don’t do the process right. It’s combative and stressful for all involved. And the outcomes usually fail to meet the needs and desires of at least some of the parties involved.
  6. And it’s usually made worse by the fact that we’re under pressure. Residents and community groups particularly feel the pressure, because they have often come in cold to a proposal and are working in a voluntary capacity, usually in their spare time, to tight deadlines.
  7. So this is what they feel like. Stressed. Overwhelmed. Frustrated. Frazzled. Especially when there are multiple proposals all at about the same time and without a clear overarching plan, or inconsistent with one if it exists.
  8. I suspect it’s not just residents who feel frustrated and overwhelmed…
  9. Maybe it’s also planners…and decision-makers…and developers…and architects…and engineers…and builders too
  10. So…how to avoid it?
  11. Let me offer you a ray of light of how we can minimise all this tension and conflict… and get better outcomes. It’s based on what I have learned along the way
  12. The key is openness. And that means transparency of process, goals and so on. It means open communication, rather than just the occasional – if any – very brief provision of information or consultation. And it means openness to new ideas.
  13. Transparency is vital to doing density properly. For good outcomes, policies, regulations and rules need to be made in a way that is transparent. And the way in which those policies and rules are implemented also needs to be transparent. There cannot be two sets of policies and rules operating – one public and one for ‘insiders’. And communication also needs to be transparent – both inside organisations and with other organisations and the public.
  14. In particular, residents (and others outside government) don’t like having to keep the government/council honest They don’t like having to fight battles to ensure that policies and rules are actually implemented. And they don’t like having to undertake cross-organisational communication – which is what happens often when it appears that Right Hand doesn’t know what Left Hand is doing
  15. Excellent communication is, I think, a key to doing density properly. And the key to good communication is respect for the other parties. Communication must be thorough. People who are trained in project management know that communication is 1 of the 9 key elements of project management. Communication must be multi-directional – and continuing and ongoing. And it nearly always needs to be iterative. Doing density properly is not a ‘straight line’, ‘simple’ project. It’s complicated. It’s complex.
  16. Complicated = lots of bits that need to be integrate (required technical skills)Complex = politics and people not aligned or not knowing what has to be done (requires people skillsProject = single significant deliverableProgram = multiple deliverables that need integrated to achieve a goal or benefit.
  17. But there is help through this mess.
  18. And that’s collaboration.
  19. There’s actually a whole continuum of collaboration. [Up to now, most work on density occurs at the autonomy end of the continuum. Sometimes, particularly in the ACT, it ventures into co-operation and even as far as coordination. But rarely if ever does it venture into collaboration or integration.]
  20. There’s actually a whole continuum of collaboration. [Up to now, most work on density occurs at the autonomy end of the continuum. Sometimes, particularly in the ACT, it ventures into co-operation and even as far as coordination. But rarely if ever does it venture into collaboration or integration.]
  21. So I’d like to look a bit more closely at collaboration. Collaboration is an agreed partnership, with shared values and a shared approach. It involves a joint process to define the requirements and form solutions. And, in collaboration, community solutions are integrated and shared.
  22. Almost by definition, collaboration is messy, and it takes time. (And that can be a challenge for people who like order, control and getting things done.)
  23. But… Collaboration [is not a fuzzy feel good concept, it] is the ONLY way to address the complicated and complex challenges of the future.
  24. That’s because collaboration means: doing – and being seen to be doing – consultation ‘properly’ harnessing the wisdom of crowds – no-one can know everything(?) improving relationships and breaking down barriers between planners, community and builders/developers increased project ownership and satisfaction within communities changed attitudes about what is needed in the future, what is acceptable, trade-offs, etc
  25. So that brings us to getting the outcomes right – the what.
  26. Let’s look first at some of the complicated and complex challenges of the future . There are quite a few. That’s why collaboration, working together to address these challenges in an integrated way, is the only way to get good outcomes.
  27. If you were planning a new urban development, what would be your goals for addressing these challenges? They might include: comfort amenity opportunities for local community, retail and employment interactions, both formal and informal; shelter from the impacts of weather and climate change – in Canberra that particularly means buffers from westerly winds, heat and fire as well as protection from cold
  28. It might include local conservation of uncontaminated soil, of nutrients (for example, from prunings, leaves and household organic matter), of vegetation, of biological diversity, ecosystems and ecological processes, of and wildlife corridors
  29. If we are looking at health, amenity & community while reducing our environmental footprint, our goals would include active and public transport being the obvious transport choices, with infrastructure for cars focussed on serving the needs of people with impaired mobility.
  30. If we are looking at lowering our environmental footprint, increasing our urban and community resiliency and mitigating against climate change, our goals could include the area being self-sufficient in a range of areas [For example in: electricity; heating and cooling; water; stormwater management; and sewage management.]
  31. including food [They could also include provision for food-growing, with a view to self-sufficiency in fruit, vegetables and fish] Achieving goals such as the ones I have just outlined will be particularly important for mitigating against and adapting to climate change. In turn, they contribute to residents’ well-being and to economic performance. There are some excellent tools and schemes for helping meet these goals; for example, Green Star certification and Living Building Challenge 3.0.
  32. …like these recently completed units in Kingston. I could have chosen some even newer and more boring ones in the same suburb, but these were handy.
  33. More dense urban areas might be a lot greener, not in straight lines, with privacy, energy efficiency and buffers against the weather built in
  34. They might include handy, accessible local farming – perhaps on the roof
  35. Or even at the back door-step. Here we also have some additional shelter, community, safety and accessibility also built in.
  36. They might not even be in neutral colours!
  37. Would you rather live in one of the apartments in the foreground…or one of those in the background?
  38. With parks and agriculture integral to an urban development, which part of this city would you rather live in?
  39. Perhaps shelter and energy efficiency comes from being partly buried. Amenity & privacy can also be designed in.
  40. Shelter and energy provision can also be built in. Imagine this roof facing northwest against hot winds and generating electricity!
  41. Our streetscapes might look very different
  42. Our streetscapes might look very different
  43. Doing density properly means: collaborative process of planning and design focussed on integrating multiple objectives to meet community & environmental needs The process may be messy and take longer than current practices but…
  44. the long term outcomes are more likely to be good…and that’s better for everyone!