1. J. Williams
D. Morgan
G. Santiago
L. Caldero
R. King
L. Lockner
BEHAVIORIST THEORY
Behaviorism Psychological Influences on
Education
2. Behaviorism
Prediction and control of human behavior in
which introspection and/or independent
thinking play no essential part in teaching
Developed during the industrial
revolution, modernism was the new focus
Learning is purely an objective and
experimental branch of natural science
No line between man and animal
Learn through positive and negative
reinforcement (conditioning)
3. Students of Behaviorism
Learn primarily through observation
Pavlov, Skinner, and Bandura; key players in
development of behaviorism theories
Ex. Students rewarded for good behavior and
punished for bad
4. The Behaviorist Theory:
Behaviorism is a worldview
that operates on a principle of
“stimulus-response.”
All behavior caused
by external stimuli
learner
responds to
environmental stimuli
5. Founders of the Behaviorist
Theory:
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
Albert Bandura (1925-)
6. Ivan Pavlov
Classical Conditioning: having a reflex in
response to a stimulus.
He conducted an experiment where he rang a bell
every time he put food in front of dogs. The food
caused the dogs to salivate.
He eventually just rang the bell,
and the dogs still salivated.
7. B.F. Skinner
Operant conditioning: shaping behavior through the reinforcement
of stimulus responses.
Conducted an experiment using pigeons.
When pigeons behaved in a
certain way, their behavior was
rewarded.
Rewarded behaviors will be
repeated, behaviors with
negative responses will stop.
8. Albert Bandura
The Social Contract Theory: People learn through
observational modeling (copying observed behavior)
He studied self-efficacy, one’s personal perspective of
their ability to encourage their self to learn.
Studied personality by analyzing one’s
environment, behavior, and thoughts.
9. Behaviorism in practice today
These theories are used in the classrooms of
today, especially at the elementary school
level
In schools where behaviorism is practiced,
they believe frequent objective testing is the
best way to determine what students know.
They reward students when they learn , even
when they learn small things, because in
behaviorism that is they key to successful
teaching.