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Tableof Contents ........................................................................           Vlll-X
Course Introduction.....................................................................           XI-XIII
Unit 1. Health and Body Care .....................................................                    1-4
Unit 2. Casualties .......................................................................            5-8
Unit 3. Innovations ....................................................................            9-12
Unit 4. Consolidation            ...............................................................       13
Unit 5. Environmental Problems ................................................                    14-17
Unit 6. Species in Danger ...........................................................              18-21
Unit 7. Future of Our Planet........................................................               22-25
Unit 8. Consolidation            ...............................................................       26
Unit 9. Housing ...........................................................................        27-31
Unit 10. Feast and Celebrations .................................................                  32-36
Unit 11. Consolidation ...............................................................                 37
Unit 12. Food and Drinks ............................................................              38-40
Unit 13. Travelling .....................................................................          41-44
Unit 14. Consolidation ................................................................                45
TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                                     LANGUAGE AREAS
   TOPICS                 FUNCTIONS                  and                                     VOCABULARY
                                                     STRUCTURE
                                                                                       Nouns related to nutrition,
                                                  Causatives:                          hygiene, health, cosmetics,
                Giving information about          Have sth done                        etc.
                hygiene                           Get sth done                         Adjectives: healthy, fatty,
     UNIT 1                                                                            well-organized, slim, fat,
                Giving information about          Get somebody to do sth
Health and Body                                                                        etc.
                nutrition                         Have somebody do sth
      Care                                                                             Verbs: to get fat, to keep fit
                Warning someone about             Make somebody do sth
   Page (1-7)                                                                          and verbs related to
                health problems                   Reason and Cause: because,
                Stating various diseases          because of, as, since, due to,       nutrition
                                                  owing to, on account of, for



                Giving information about a past
                event related to casualties       Past Continuous/ Simple Past
                                                                                       Nouns: home accidents, first
                Giving information about          When/ If Clauses+ Modals/
    UNIT 2                                                                             aid, etc.
                casualties                        Imperatives Must/ Mustn't
Casualties Page                                                                        Adjectives: careful, dangerous,
                Giving information about first    In order to/ not to Conjunctions:
    (8-14)                                                                             careless, etc. Adverbs of
                aid                               therefore, so, as, just as, while,
                                                                                       manner
                Expressing opinions on injuries   when
                and illnesses



                                                  Recycling Simple Present/
                                                                                       Nouns related to technology
                                                  Simple Past
                                                                                       and inventions: mobile phone,
                 Giving information about         Recyling Present Perfect
                                                                                       computer, satellite TV, space
                 the inventions of the            Simple/Present Perfect
     UNIT 3                                                                            shuttle, antenna, solar cells
                 century                          Continuous
Innovations Page                                                                       Verbs: to invent, to discover, to
                 Discussing the advantages        Recyling used to/ didn't use
     (15-21)                                                                           improve, to develop
                 and disadvantages of             to
                                                                                       Adverbs of reason: because of
                 technology                       Should/ Should have
                                                                                       that, such, so that, for this
                                                  Might/ Might have
                                                                                       reason, so, thus, therefore
                                                  Could/ Could have




     UNIT 4
 Consolidation         CONSOLIDATION                  CONSOLIDATION                        CONSOLIDATION
  Page (22-25)




                                                                                   Nouns related to
               Expressing opinions about
                                                  Adverbial Clauses with:          environment: pollution,
               environmental problems
    UNIT 5                                        although, in spite of, despite,  precaution, etc.
               Stating solutions for
 Environmental                                    however, whenever,               Adjs: dirty, clean, polluted,
               environmental problems
 Problems Page                                    wherever, in order to, so as to, etc.
               Discussing responsibilities of
    (26-32)                                       so that, in order that, such...  Verbs: to pollute, to
               individuals and institutions for
                                                  that                             prevent, to cause, to affect,
               their environment
                                                                                   etc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
   TOPICS              FUNCTIONS                   LANGUAGE AREAS                   VOCABULARY
                                                        and
                                                     STRUCTURE


                Hypothesizing about
                extinction of some animals,
                                                Present Perfect Simple/
  UNIT 6        species and plants Warning
                                                Present Perfect Continuous Nouns related to nature:
 Species in     about risks of extinction
                                                Future Perfect/ Time       animals, species, ecology,
Danger Page     Expressing opinions on
                                                Adverbials: by the time,   etc.
   (33-39)      extinction problems Stating
                                                until, when, after, etc.
                solutions to the problem of
                extinction of some species




                                                Reported speech (Past &       Nouns related to
                Expressing the present
                                                Present)                      geographical terms, natural
   UNIT 7       state of the world Predicting
                                                Will                          resources, scientific terms:
Future of Our   some natural events in the
                                                Will be able to/ won't be     acid rain, industrial waste,
Planet Page     future Giving information
                                                able to                       earthquake, volcanic
   (40-46)      about scientific and
                                                Going to vs Will              eruption, etc. Adjs:
                technological innovations
                                                May/ might/ can/ could        dangerous, harmful, etc.




  UNIT 8
Consolidation       CONSOLIDATION                   CONSOLIDATION                 CONSOLIDATION
Page (47-50)




                                                                              Nouns related to types of
             Describing a district in town
                                                Comparison of adjectives      houses, parts of a house,
   UNIT 9    Discussing life styles in our
                                                Nevertheless                  garden, fountain, balcony,
Housing Page country
                                                Passive voice (all tenses +   chimney, basement, roof,
   (51-57)   Comparing housing in
                                                modals)                       etc.
             Turkey and abroad
                                                                              Phrasal verbs with "look"




                                                                              Nouns related to traditions
                Giving information about                                      and customs: festivals,
                special days in Turkey                                        carnivals, etc. Phrasal verbs
  UNIT 10
                Giving information about   Recycling all tenses               with "come" and "carry", to
 Feast and
                common celebrations in the Reviewing Indirect and             celebrate, to give
Celebrations
                world                      Reported Speech                    information, to agree, to
Page (58-64)
                Giving information about                                      disagree, etc. Adjs:
                Turkish traditions                                            unbelievable, enchanting,
                                                                              fascinating, etc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
    TOPICS              FUNCTIONS             LANGUAGE AREA,                  VOCABULARY
                                                   and
                                                STRUCTURE




   UNIT 11
 Consolidation      CONSOLIDATION           CONSOLIDATION                     CONSOLIDATION
 Page (65-68)




                Introducing Turkish food
                and drinks                 Units of amount: ….
                                                                      Nouns related to national foods
                Asking for and giving      of…..
    UNIT 12                                                           and drinks: mantı, kebab,
                information about food and Countables /
Food and Drinks                                                       ayran, hoşaf, imambayıldı,etc.
                drinks                     Uncountables Passive
  Page (69-75)                                                        Adjs: delicious, super,
                Comparing and contrasting verb patterns
                                                                      extraordinary, etc.
                specialities in different  Word collocations
                countries




                                            Comparative/Superlativ
                                            e forms of adjectives
                                            /adverbs
                                            Wh- questions:
                 Asking for and giving      How far………….?             Adjs: amazing, cheap,
                 information about means of How Iong ……….?            comfortable, exciting, sight-
    UNIT 13      transport                  How much……….?             seeing, etc.
   Travelling    Giving information about   Which of……….?             Verbs: to arrange, to stay
  Page (76-82)   distances                  How do you……….?           overnight, to pass time, to make a
                 Giving information about   Fractions / Decimal       reservation, etc.
                 prices                     Numbers                   Indefinite quantifiers
                                            One third of…., 0,2….
                                            Indefinite quantifiers
                                            Some of, a few of, most
                                            of ……




  UNIT 14
Consolidation       CONSOLIDATION           CONSOLIDATION                      CONSOLIDATION
Page (83-86)
COURSE INTRODUCTION

New Bridge to Success is a set of all necessary materials for ELT. We have tried to design a student-centred book,
giving the role of a monitor, an adviser and a facilitator to the teacher. Our aim is to have self-confident and independent
Ss with critical thinking abilities who will be able to communicate effectively, fluently and accurately at the end of the
course.

CONTENTS

Topics
The coursebook covers a range of topics taken from daily life situations in order to satisfy Ss' needs and interests. The
topics are also authentic in many ways.

Functions
Functions are designed parallel to the topics. The primary goal is to have Ss who can communicate with foreign
language speakers in daily life situations. Other elements of the book such as structure, vocabulary and skills are
targeted at functions.

Language Areas and Structure Sets
Grammar cannot be taught separately when we consider a language as a tool for communication. The aim in this
coursebook is not to teach grammar but to give an integrating syllabus backed by meaningful activities. That means
grammar is presented in real life situations which gives Ss opportunities to find the rule. Grammar rules are also
presented in various tasks for different learning styles -Multiple Intelligences- which teachers should stay loyal to
while teaching four skills. Ss feel more secure and sure about grammar structures after they do practice tasks,
workbook activities and consolidation units.

Vocabulary Sets
Vocabulary teaching cannot be considered as an independent study from other skills. It should be conducted in a
context of reading, writing or listening because words cannot represent their whole meanings when we use them
separately. The target vocabulary should exist in the whole context to become more meaningful and to give Ss the
opportunity to guess their meanings and usage. So;
Ss should be encouraged to guess the meanings of the words through the context instead of giving the meaning
directly or letting Ss look them up in the dictionaries. We strongly believe that the less dictionary usage is better. After
Ss do comprehension activities, they should go back to reconsider the meanings of the words. They discuss the
meanings with their partners. Finally, they check the meanings referring to dictionaries or teachers if necessary.

Language Tasks and Study Skills
Listening
There are various kinds of listening activities in each unit of this coursebook. Ss are guided in every stage of the
listening part. In the CD, Ss are supported with dialogues, phone calls, TV or radio programmes, etc in daily English.

How to conduct a listening activity
Listening activities should be conducted in a context.

Steps for listening activities:
Pre-listening
While listening
Post listening
• Pre-listening activities give reason and raise curiosity for listening.
• Get Ss to discuss about the listening material beforehand.
• During the first listening, they should work individually.
• Cooperation with partners gives Ss the opportunity to focus on the material and grasp the meaning.
• The second listening, in pairs, provides opportunity for correction.
  (The number of listening depends on the listening activity.)
• Eliciting ideas from many Ss raises more attention and attendance in Ss. That's why teachers should not intervene
  and should correct their mistakes at the end. Correcting mistakes all the time discourages Ss and they lose
  motivation consequently.
Speaking and Pronunciation
    This coursebook aims at creating Ss who can communicate well at an intermediate level. It provides a variety of
practical situations. As the skills are integrated in this book, Ss get the opportunity to practise speaking at every stage of
the teaching process. Pair and group working are basic activities which require much speaking. By this way, Ss always
find themselves involved in the lessons naturally. Note that;
     Instead of student-teacher interaction, student-student interaction is preferred. It gives opportunity to everyone to
speak. Mistakes can be ignored most of time. That's because trying to speak accurately puts Ss under a big stress and
consequently, they cannot gain fluency. Mistakes are natural outcomes in every kind of learning. To cope with mistakes
effectively and learn from them, it is much better to note down the most common ones and correct them as a
whole-class activity later.

Reading
The reading parts in this book aim at developing reading skills and creating independent readers with minimum
usage of dictionary. Ss' interests, ages and ways of thinking are considered while choosing the reading texts.

How to Conduct Reading Activities
Steps for reading activities:
Pre-reading
While reading
Post reading
• Pre-reading activities should be done effectively since it is the most important thing for creating curiosity, facilitating
   the reading text and drawing Ss' attention to the lesson. Setting purpose for reading is also vital before Ss start
   reading. If Ss have no reason for reading, a text does not make any sense for them. Moreover, it would be almost
   impossible to attract Ss' attention.
• The role of the teacher here is to monitor Ss and come to the stage the moment Ss desperately need advice or
   consulting. Keep in mind that student-student interaction is preferred.
• Reading should be linked with other skills as follow-up activities.
• Ss should be encouraged to write responds to the ideas or problems discussed in the reading texts.
   By this way, Ss will be able to develop critical thinking and intellectual background. Keeping journals and
   vocabulary notebooks as outside activities would be good ideas.

Writing
As writing is the production stage of learning a language, Ss find it challenging most of the time. However, by following
the steps in writing sections, Ss will be able to write more effectively and realise their improvement gradually. Moreover,
Ss will be able to experience the pleasure of creating something out of their own background as an outcome of their
own learning.

How to conduct writing activities
Steps for writing activities:
• Writing should be contextual.
• Ss should know the answer of the following questions before a writing activity in order to make the
    writing rationale.
What? (The topic)
Why? (Ss should see a good reason for writing. They do not want to write just for the sake of writing or because we,
teachers, want them to write.)
How? (Formal / informal)
Ss generally say 'I have done my writing. What to do, then? To answer this question, teachers should give a real
follow-up writing activity. For example, if they write a letter, they can have the opportunity to send it to a pen pal. It is
much proper to let them know that in pre-writing activities.

Keeping a Portfolio
What is a portfolio?
It is a collection of Ss' own pieces of work throughout the academic year. The purpose of portfolio is to enable Ss to be
aware of their progress. With portfolio, Ss cooperate with their partners and teachers. They learn how to evaluate
others' studies, how to accept criticism and to rewrite their pieces of work considering the comments. It creates a
positive atmosphere among Ss. It also urges Ss gently to cooperate and take responsibility for their own learning.
Consequently, a portfolio shows the examples of Ss' progress over time.
Steps
• Ss write the first draft.
• They make peer correction. They choose a peer to evaluate and revise their pieces of work.
• Ss rewrite the drafts considering the peer correction and give them to the teacher.
• The teacher gives feedback and Ss rewrite their final drafts considering the comments.
• They put the drafts and the work with its last form into a file called portfolio.
• Teachers use the following Correction Code for correction.
                           sp                                Spelling error
                            ú                                Add something
                            /                                Omit
                          WW                                 Wrong word
                        sin / plu                            Singular/ plural
                           vt                                Verb tense error
                           є                                 Capitalization error


• At the end of the year, Ss choose the best two pieces of work and put them up in their portfolios.
• Ss prepare a cover letter which should contain their self-evaluation throughout the year. Referring to their
  pieces of work in the portfolio, Ss should explain how keeping a portfolio has improved them.
• They write contents which includes the names of the pieces of work, their dates and page numbers.
• Teachers can use the portfolios for writing evaluation at the end of the each term.

Student's Project Work
Project work is the summary of the unit. In this book project work plays a big role since it is a good way for revising the
language broadly. Ss have to activate the whole language skills, organize and use what they have learnt in the unit
and finally, create authentic work. With the study of Project Work, we carry out one of the aims of the EU's "European
Language Portfolio" which gives Ss the ability to evaluate themselves. Project work is also a good tool for display and
Ss' language satisfaction.

Guide to Teachers
Since we think that only teachers can turn a coursebook into a perfect material, we give priority to guidance. At first
sight, teachers can easily notice that they are guided step by step through the tasks in the TB. At the end of this course
teachers will realise that they have become very sensitive about teaching. We do the training indirectly through
approaches, methods and techniques. Teachers are also provided with TIPs, refreshing vocabulary activities, authentic
warm-up activities, infos, extra games and background notes.
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12.sınıf ingilizce kitabı cevapları

  • 1.
  • 2. Tableof Contents ........................................................................ Vlll-X Course Introduction..................................................................... XI-XIII Unit 1. Health and Body Care ..................................................... 1-4 Unit 2. Casualties ....................................................................... 5-8 Unit 3. Innovations .................................................................... 9-12 Unit 4. Consolidation ............................................................... 13 Unit 5. Environmental Problems ................................................ 14-17 Unit 6. Species in Danger ........................................................... 18-21 Unit 7. Future of Our Planet........................................................ 22-25 Unit 8. Consolidation ............................................................... 26 Unit 9. Housing ........................................................................... 27-31 Unit 10. Feast and Celebrations ................................................. 32-36 Unit 11. Consolidation ............................................................... 37 Unit 12. Food and Drinks ............................................................ 38-40 Unit 13. Travelling ..................................................................... 41-44 Unit 14. Consolidation ................................................................ 45
  • 3. TABLE OF CONTENTS LANGUAGE AREAS TOPICS FUNCTIONS and VOCABULARY STRUCTURE Nouns related to nutrition, Causatives: hygiene, health, cosmetics, Giving information about Have sth done etc. hygiene Get sth done Adjectives: healthy, fatty, UNIT 1 well-organized, slim, fat, Giving information about Get somebody to do sth Health and Body etc. nutrition Have somebody do sth Care Verbs: to get fat, to keep fit Warning someone about Make somebody do sth Page (1-7) and verbs related to health problems Reason and Cause: because, Stating various diseases because of, as, since, due to, nutrition owing to, on account of, for Giving information about a past event related to casualties Past Continuous/ Simple Past Nouns: home accidents, first Giving information about When/ If Clauses+ Modals/ UNIT 2 aid, etc. casualties Imperatives Must/ Mustn't Casualties Page Adjectives: careful, dangerous, Giving information about first In order to/ not to Conjunctions: (8-14) careless, etc. Adverbs of aid therefore, so, as, just as, while, manner Expressing opinions on injuries when and illnesses Recycling Simple Present/ Nouns related to technology Simple Past and inventions: mobile phone, Giving information about Recyling Present Perfect computer, satellite TV, space the inventions of the Simple/Present Perfect UNIT 3 shuttle, antenna, solar cells century Continuous Innovations Page Verbs: to invent, to discover, to Discussing the advantages Recyling used to/ didn't use (15-21) improve, to develop and disadvantages of to Adverbs of reason: because of technology Should/ Should have that, such, so that, for this Might/ Might have reason, so, thus, therefore Could/ Could have UNIT 4 Consolidation CONSOLIDATION CONSOLIDATION CONSOLIDATION Page (22-25) Nouns related to Expressing opinions about Adverbial Clauses with: environment: pollution, environmental problems UNIT 5 although, in spite of, despite, precaution, etc. Stating solutions for Environmental however, whenever, Adjs: dirty, clean, polluted, environmental problems Problems Page wherever, in order to, so as to, etc. Discussing responsibilities of (26-32) so that, in order that, such... Verbs: to pollute, to individuals and institutions for that prevent, to cause, to affect, their environment etc.
  • 4. TABLE OF CONTENTS TOPICS FUNCTIONS LANGUAGE AREAS VOCABULARY and STRUCTURE Hypothesizing about extinction of some animals, Present Perfect Simple/ UNIT 6 species and plants Warning Present Perfect Continuous Nouns related to nature: Species in about risks of extinction Future Perfect/ Time animals, species, ecology, Danger Page Expressing opinions on Adverbials: by the time, etc. (33-39) extinction problems Stating until, when, after, etc. solutions to the problem of extinction of some species Reported speech (Past & Nouns related to Expressing the present Present) geographical terms, natural UNIT 7 state of the world Predicting Will resources, scientific terms: Future of Our some natural events in the Will be able to/ won't be acid rain, industrial waste, Planet Page future Giving information able to earthquake, volcanic (40-46) about scientific and Going to vs Will eruption, etc. Adjs: technological innovations May/ might/ can/ could dangerous, harmful, etc. UNIT 8 Consolidation CONSOLIDATION CONSOLIDATION CONSOLIDATION Page (47-50) Nouns related to types of Describing a district in town Comparison of adjectives houses, parts of a house, UNIT 9 Discussing life styles in our Nevertheless garden, fountain, balcony, Housing Page country Passive voice (all tenses + chimney, basement, roof, (51-57) Comparing housing in modals) etc. Turkey and abroad Phrasal verbs with "look" Nouns related to traditions Giving information about and customs: festivals, special days in Turkey carnivals, etc. Phrasal verbs UNIT 10 Giving information about Recycling all tenses with "come" and "carry", to Feast and common celebrations in the Reviewing Indirect and celebrate, to give Celebrations world Reported Speech information, to agree, to Page (58-64) Giving information about disagree, etc. Adjs: Turkish traditions unbelievable, enchanting, fascinating, etc.
  • 5. TABLE OF CONTENTS TOPICS FUNCTIONS LANGUAGE AREA, VOCABULARY and STRUCTURE UNIT 11 Consolidation CONSOLIDATION CONSOLIDATION CONSOLIDATION Page (65-68) Introducing Turkish food and drinks Units of amount: …. Nouns related to national foods Asking for and giving of….. UNIT 12 and drinks: mantı, kebab, information about food and Countables / Food and Drinks ayran, hoşaf, imambayıldı,etc. drinks Uncountables Passive Page (69-75) Adjs: delicious, super, Comparing and contrasting verb patterns extraordinary, etc. specialities in different Word collocations countries Comparative/Superlativ e forms of adjectives /adverbs Wh- questions: Asking for and giving How far………….? Adjs: amazing, cheap, information about means of How Iong ……….? comfortable, exciting, sight- UNIT 13 transport How much……….? seeing, etc. Travelling Giving information about Which of……….? Verbs: to arrange, to stay Page (76-82) distances How do you……….? overnight, to pass time, to make a Giving information about Fractions / Decimal reservation, etc. prices Numbers Indefinite quantifiers One third of…., 0,2…. Indefinite quantifiers Some of, a few of, most of …… UNIT 14 Consolidation CONSOLIDATION CONSOLIDATION CONSOLIDATION Page (83-86)
  • 6. COURSE INTRODUCTION New Bridge to Success is a set of all necessary materials for ELT. We have tried to design a student-centred book, giving the role of a monitor, an adviser and a facilitator to the teacher. Our aim is to have self-confident and independent Ss with critical thinking abilities who will be able to communicate effectively, fluently and accurately at the end of the course. CONTENTS Topics The coursebook covers a range of topics taken from daily life situations in order to satisfy Ss' needs and interests. The topics are also authentic in many ways. Functions Functions are designed parallel to the topics. The primary goal is to have Ss who can communicate with foreign language speakers in daily life situations. Other elements of the book such as structure, vocabulary and skills are targeted at functions. Language Areas and Structure Sets Grammar cannot be taught separately when we consider a language as a tool for communication. The aim in this coursebook is not to teach grammar but to give an integrating syllabus backed by meaningful activities. That means grammar is presented in real life situations which gives Ss opportunities to find the rule. Grammar rules are also presented in various tasks for different learning styles -Multiple Intelligences- which teachers should stay loyal to while teaching four skills. Ss feel more secure and sure about grammar structures after they do practice tasks, workbook activities and consolidation units. Vocabulary Sets Vocabulary teaching cannot be considered as an independent study from other skills. It should be conducted in a context of reading, writing or listening because words cannot represent their whole meanings when we use them separately. The target vocabulary should exist in the whole context to become more meaningful and to give Ss the opportunity to guess their meanings and usage. So; Ss should be encouraged to guess the meanings of the words through the context instead of giving the meaning directly or letting Ss look them up in the dictionaries. We strongly believe that the less dictionary usage is better. After Ss do comprehension activities, they should go back to reconsider the meanings of the words. They discuss the meanings with their partners. Finally, they check the meanings referring to dictionaries or teachers if necessary. Language Tasks and Study Skills Listening There are various kinds of listening activities in each unit of this coursebook. Ss are guided in every stage of the listening part. In the CD, Ss are supported with dialogues, phone calls, TV or radio programmes, etc in daily English. How to conduct a listening activity Listening activities should be conducted in a context. Steps for listening activities: Pre-listening While listening Post listening • Pre-listening activities give reason and raise curiosity for listening. • Get Ss to discuss about the listening material beforehand. • During the first listening, they should work individually. • Cooperation with partners gives Ss the opportunity to focus on the material and grasp the meaning. • The second listening, in pairs, provides opportunity for correction. (The number of listening depends on the listening activity.) • Eliciting ideas from many Ss raises more attention and attendance in Ss. That's why teachers should not intervene and should correct their mistakes at the end. Correcting mistakes all the time discourages Ss and they lose motivation consequently.
  • 7. Speaking and Pronunciation This coursebook aims at creating Ss who can communicate well at an intermediate level. It provides a variety of practical situations. As the skills are integrated in this book, Ss get the opportunity to practise speaking at every stage of the teaching process. Pair and group working are basic activities which require much speaking. By this way, Ss always find themselves involved in the lessons naturally. Note that; Instead of student-teacher interaction, student-student interaction is preferred. It gives opportunity to everyone to speak. Mistakes can be ignored most of time. That's because trying to speak accurately puts Ss under a big stress and consequently, they cannot gain fluency. Mistakes are natural outcomes in every kind of learning. To cope with mistakes effectively and learn from them, it is much better to note down the most common ones and correct them as a whole-class activity later. Reading The reading parts in this book aim at developing reading skills and creating independent readers with minimum usage of dictionary. Ss' interests, ages and ways of thinking are considered while choosing the reading texts. How to Conduct Reading Activities Steps for reading activities: Pre-reading While reading Post reading • Pre-reading activities should be done effectively since it is the most important thing for creating curiosity, facilitating the reading text and drawing Ss' attention to the lesson. Setting purpose for reading is also vital before Ss start reading. If Ss have no reason for reading, a text does not make any sense for them. Moreover, it would be almost impossible to attract Ss' attention. • The role of the teacher here is to monitor Ss and come to the stage the moment Ss desperately need advice or consulting. Keep in mind that student-student interaction is preferred. • Reading should be linked with other skills as follow-up activities. • Ss should be encouraged to write responds to the ideas or problems discussed in the reading texts. By this way, Ss will be able to develop critical thinking and intellectual background. Keeping journals and vocabulary notebooks as outside activities would be good ideas. Writing As writing is the production stage of learning a language, Ss find it challenging most of the time. However, by following the steps in writing sections, Ss will be able to write more effectively and realise their improvement gradually. Moreover, Ss will be able to experience the pleasure of creating something out of their own background as an outcome of their own learning. How to conduct writing activities Steps for writing activities: • Writing should be contextual. • Ss should know the answer of the following questions before a writing activity in order to make the writing rationale. What? (The topic) Why? (Ss should see a good reason for writing. They do not want to write just for the sake of writing or because we, teachers, want them to write.) How? (Formal / informal) Ss generally say 'I have done my writing. What to do, then? To answer this question, teachers should give a real follow-up writing activity. For example, if they write a letter, they can have the opportunity to send it to a pen pal. It is much proper to let them know that in pre-writing activities. Keeping a Portfolio What is a portfolio? It is a collection of Ss' own pieces of work throughout the academic year. The purpose of portfolio is to enable Ss to be aware of their progress. With portfolio, Ss cooperate with their partners and teachers. They learn how to evaluate others' studies, how to accept criticism and to rewrite their pieces of work considering the comments. It creates a positive atmosphere among Ss. It also urges Ss gently to cooperate and take responsibility for their own learning. Consequently, a portfolio shows the examples of Ss' progress over time.
  • 8. Steps • Ss write the first draft. • They make peer correction. They choose a peer to evaluate and revise their pieces of work. • Ss rewrite the drafts considering the peer correction and give them to the teacher. • The teacher gives feedback and Ss rewrite their final drafts considering the comments. • They put the drafts and the work with its last form into a file called portfolio. • Teachers use the following Correction Code for correction. sp Spelling error ú Add something / Omit WW Wrong word sin / plu Singular/ plural vt Verb tense error є Capitalization error • At the end of the year, Ss choose the best two pieces of work and put them up in their portfolios. • Ss prepare a cover letter which should contain their self-evaluation throughout the year. Referring to their pieces of work in the portfolio, Ss should explain how keeping a portfolio has improved them. • They write contents which includes the names of the pieces of work, their dates and page numbers. • Teachers can use the portfolios for writing evaluation at the end of the each term. Student's Project Work Project work is the summary of the unit. In this book project work plays a big role since it is a good way for revising the language broadly. Ss have to activate the whole language skills, organize and use what they have learnt in the unit and finally, create authentic work. With the study of Project Work, we carry out one of the aims of the EU's "European Language Portfolio" which gives Ss the ability to evaluate themselves. Project work is also a good tool for display and Ss' language satisfaction. Guide to Teachers Since we think that only teachers can turn a coursebook into a perfect material, we give priority to guidance. At first sight, teachers can easily notice that they are guided step by step through the tasks in the TB. At the end of this course teachers will realise that they have become very sensitive about teaching. We do the training indirectly through approaches, methods and techniques. Teachers are also provided with TIPs, refreshing vocabulary activities, authentic warm-up activities, infos, extra games and background notes.