In the first session of this 5 session workshop, I am going to explain the photography gear (camera) with special focus on different sensor types. Then we will discuss about the fundamental concepts of photography.

1. basics of
Digital
photography
03/02/15
Fahad Golra, discussing the fundamental
concepts of photography

2. 03/02/15
basics of
digital photography
Welcome !!!
Note: This course is inspired from the photography lectures by John Greengo

3. 03/02/15
workshop
introduction
program Photography Gear:
The Camera
Fundamentals
Photography Gear:
The Lens
Exposure
Focus
Light
Editing
Composition
Practical
Session
Practical
Session
Exposition

4. 03/02/15
recap
recap
aperture
Large aperture
More Light
Shallow DOF
(background blur)
Small aperture
Less Light
Deep DOF
(background sharp)

5. 03/02/15
recap
recap
shutter speed
Faster speed
Less light
Freeze action
Slower speed
More light
Motion Blur
Image Source: http://azphotojournal.com/?p=1895

6. 03/02/15
recap
recap
ISO
Low ISO
Capture Less Light
Less Noise
High ISO
Capture More Light
More Noise
Image Source: https://photographylife.com/what-is-iso-in-photography

7. 03/02/15
image formation
recap
quiz
What makes the red eye effect
in night-time photo shoots?

8. Photography Gear:
The Lens

9. 03/02/15
human
gear: the lens
vision
Retina
Central
Retina
Fovea
Retina 150°
Central Retina 50°
Fovea 1°
5mm
38mm
2500mm

10. 03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
normal lens
38mm 43mm
28mm
50mm
35mm
43mm
28mm

11. 03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
normal lens
46°
43mm
28mm
50mm
35mm

12. 03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
normal lens
46°
43mm
28mm
50mm
35mm

13. 03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
normal lens
46°
43mm
28mm
50mm
35mm
Image Source: http://www.powpowpictures.com/2011/05/nikon-50mm-f1-8-recommended-lens-for-any-slr-user/

14. 03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
normal lens
62°
43mm
28mm
35mm
24mm
Image Source: http://www.citysnaps.net/blog/2012/06/25/why-a-35mm-lens/

15. 03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
normal lens
46°
• Angle of view is close to human eye
• A standard perspective
• Suits for street photography
62°
50mm
35mm

16. 03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
Wide lens
24mm
24mm - Wide Angle
16mm
16mm - Ultra Wide Angle

17. 03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
wide lens
84°
43mm
28mm
24mm
16mm

18. 03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
wide lens
84°
43mm
28mm
24mm
16mm

19. 03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
ultra wide lens
108°
43mm
28mm
16mm
10.5mm

20. 03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
Wide lens
84°
• A subject is shown with its environment
• Subjects in the front appear larger
(distortion)
• Good for confined spaces
• Hard to get shallow DOF
• Special care needed if used with people108°
24mm
16mm

21. 03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
Telephoto lens
100mm
100mm - Short Telephoto
200mm - Medium Telephoto
40mm - Super Telephoto
200mm

22. 03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
Telephoto lens
20°
43mm
28mm
100mm
66mm

23. 03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
Telephoto lens
12.3°
43mm
28mm
200mm
134mm

24. 03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
Telephoto lens
6°
43mm
28mm
500mm
312mm Photo: Owais ur Rehman Shah

25. 03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
Telephoto lens
84°
• Has a very good reach
• Good for shallow DOF (blur backgrounds)
• Background area in the image is
minimized
• Compresses foreground and background
subjects108°
24mm
16mm

26. 03/02/15
what is
gear: the lens
zoom?
zoom values are normally specified as
nX e.g. 2X, 5X, 20X
Ratio between the widest and
the narrowest focal length

27. 03/02/15
what is
gear: the lens
zoom? 10mm
10mm
50mm
50mm
100mm
100mm
200mm
200mm

28. 03/02/15
what is
gear: the lens
zoom? 10mm
50mm
100mm
200mm
5X
10X
20X2X

29. 03/02/15
what is
gear: the lens
zoom?
Zoom is not a measure of how distant you
can shoot !!!

30. 03/02/15
running
gear: the lens
quiz
Why don’t interchangeable lens cameras
don’t specify a
zoom?

31. 03/02/15
Focal length
gear: the lens
background Perspective
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200

32. 03/02/15gear: the lens
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Focal length
background Perspective

33. 03/02/15gear: the lens
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Focal length
background Perspective

34. 03/02/15gear: the lens
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Focal length
background Perspective

35. 03/02/15gear: the lens
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Focal length
background Perspective

36. 03/02/15gear: the lens
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Focal length
background Perspective

37. 03/02/15gear: the lens
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Focal length
background Perspective

38. 03/02/15gear: the lens
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Focal length
background Perspective

39. 03/02/15
types of
gear: the lens
lens
Offer variable
focal lengths
Offer fixed
focal length
Zoom lens Prime lens
Nikon 18-55 f/3.5-5.6 Nikon 35 f/1.8

40. 03/02/15
usual
gear: the lens
focal lengths
14-200
Landscape, Nature
14-85
Architecture
24-200
Travel, Event
50-200
Portrait, Studio
85-600
Sports,
WildLife

41. 03/02/15
lens
gear: the lens
maximum aperture
f/1.8
1:1.8
f-1.8
Maximum Aperture
that a lens allows !

42. 03/02/15
lens
gear: the lens
maximum aperture
f / 3.5 - 5.6
Two maximum
apertures
Nikon 18-55 f/3.5-5.6
f / 3.5 at 18mm
f / 5.6 at 55mm

43. 03/02/15
what is
exposure part 1
depth of field?
Range of distance that appears in focus
Subject Distance
Depth of Field
Blur
Region
Blur
Region

44. 03/02/15
how to control
exposure part 1
depth of field?
Large aperture
Shallow DOF
Small aperture
Deep DOF
We already studied that aperture affects DOF !!!

45. 03/02/15
how to control
exposure part 1
depth of field?
Mainly two things control DOF
Aperture
Larger aperture means
shallow DOF
Focal Length
Larger focal length means
shallow DOF

46. 03/02/15
how to control
exposure part 1
depth of field?
Lets re-visit the focal length examples
Aperture: f/5.6
Shutter speed: 1/160
ISO: 800
Following settings stay constant in all the
photographs

47. 03/02/15
Focal length
exposure part 1
changes background
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200

48. 03/02/15exposure part 1
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Focal length
changes background

49. 03/02/15exposure part 1
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Focal length
changes background

50. 03/02/15exposure part 1
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Focal length
changes background

51. 03/02/15exposure part 1
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Focal length
changes background

52. 03/02/15exposure part 1
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Focal length
changes background

53. 03/02/15exposure part 1
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Focal length
changes background

54. 03/02/15exposure part 1
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Focal length
changes background

55. 03/02/15exposure part 1
Compression
from focal length
Focal length changes
the background perspective & DOF
What else?
Compression of the background

56. 03/02/15exposure part 1
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Compression
from focal length

57. 03/02/15exposure part 1
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Compression
from focal length

58. 03/02/15exposure part 1
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Compression
from focal length

59. 03/02/15exposure part 1
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Compression
from focal length

60. 03/02/15exposure part 1
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Compression
from focal length

61. 03/02/15exposure part 1
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Compression
from focal length

62. 03/02/15exposure part 1
14
24
35
50
70
85
105
200
Compression
from focal length

63. 03/02/15exposure part 1
summary
focal length
Focal Length mainly affects
• Viewing angle
• Background perspective
• Depth of Field
• Compression

64. 03/02/15exposure part 1
summary
depth of field
Depth of field is controlled by
• Aperture
• Focal Length
&
• Shooting Distance

65. Exposure:
Part 1

66. 03/02/15
photographic
exposure part 1
process
Why choose a specific aperture?
22
16
11
8
5.6
4.0
2.8
2.0
1.4
Deep DOF
Shallow DOF
Maximize
Sharpness
Less Light
More Light

67. 03/02/15
photographic
exposure part 1
process
Why choose a specific
shutter speed?
Freeze Motion
Blur Motion
Less Light
More Light
8000
4000
2000
1000
500
250
125
60
30
15
8
4
2
1”
2”
4”
8”
15”
30”

68. 03/02/15
photographic
exposure part 1
process
Why choose a specific
shutter speed?
Freeze Motion
Blur Motion
Less Light
More Light
8000
4000
2000
1000
500
250
125
60
30
15
8
4
2
1”
2”
4”
8”
15”
30”

69. 03/02/15
photographic
exposure part 1
process
Sunny 16 Rule
if in full sun, the exposure is
f/16
&
Shutter Speed = ISO

70. 03/02/15
photographic
exposure part 1
process 8000
4000
2000
1000
500
250
125
60
30
15
8
4
2
1”
2”
4”
8”
15”
30”
22
16
11
8
5.6
4.0
2.8
2.0
1.4
32
50
100
200
400
800
1,600
3,200
6,400
12,800
25,600
51,200

71. 03/02/15
Lost
1 stop
photographic
exposure part 1
process 8000
4000
2000
1000
500
250
125
60
30
15
8
4
2
1”
2”
4”
8”
15”
30”
22
16
11
8
5.6
4.0
2.8
2.0
1.4
32
50
100
200
400
800
1,600
3,200
6,400
12,800
25,600
51,200
Gained
5 stops
Lost
4 stops

72. 03/02/15
photographic
exposure part 1
process
What is your subject?
Static Moving
Freeze
Motion
Blur
Motion
Maximum
DOF
Shallow
DOF
Maximum
Sharpness

73. 03/02/15
basics of
digital photography
Practice !!!