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The Managers Handbook

           Morey Stettner



24   lessons for mastering the managers role…..
In the end all management can be reduced
                to 3 things –
               people
              products
               profits


     people come first
             – Lee Iacocca
Give Criticism
1                                    Give Feedback

• Don‟t dislike negative           • Employee self evaluate
  feedback                         • Ask follow up questions
• No delays – regular              • Align Analysis with
• 2 way conversation                 comments
• All workers thirst for input




        Good managers don’t talk about their problems, but make their
                      subordinates talk about theirs – Peter Drucker
Cover Up Bad News
2                    Make best of bad news

• Seek bad news don‟t               • Display “ego strength”
  escape                            • Set the context
• Prepare to deliver bad                – Prepare that failures happen –
                                          Tom peters …
  news                                  – Prepare that improvement is key
• Maintain perspective              • Get to the point
• Body language counts
• End positive [B +ve]


     Communicate everything possible to your partners, The more they
  understand the more they will care. Once they care, there no stopping
                                                     them – sam walton
Do it all yourself
3                                                   Delegate.

• Delegate when possible              • Step Back
   – Helps focus on the 80/20            – No micro manage | chose the right
                                           person
• Delegation is not
  dumping                             • Clarify the assignment
                                         – Purpose | outcome | performance
   – Active | relevant | controls
   – Manager is accountable finally   • Run an “im not here test”
• Be careful in assigning                – MBA! [By Absence]

  back
   – Beware of “let me show you”

   The secret of success is not doing your own work, but identifying the
                                 right man to do the job – Dale Carnegie
  Strange as it sounds great managers gain authority by giving it away –
                                                      James B Stockdale
Departee has nothing to say
4                   Pick brains of departees

• Schedule exit interviews          • Lay the ground work
• Assure confidentiality            • Separate tangibles from
• Keep the purpose                    intangibles
  positive                          • Request Names
   – Not politics                       – Respected ones
                                        – Networks – hires, vendors
• Employees can come
  back                              • Proper hand over
                                      procedure

    The most successful people I have known are the ones who do more
                                listening than talking – Bernard Baruch
Review Performance once a year
5                                             Do it regularly

• Don‟t dread appraisals                 • Stick to schedule
   – Employees want them !                  – Once said is done
• Informal regular                       • DISC Formula
  appraisals                                – Describe Impact Specify
                                              Consequences
   – Balanced | helps formal appraisal
• Strive for accuracy                    • Suggest – don‟t threaten
                                            – From negatives to possibilities
   – Based on facts / information
   – Direct / Agreed upon deliverables
• Keep a folder - remember

     Its only as we develop others do we permanently succeed – Harvey
                                                            Firestone
Make Snap Decisions
6                                         Decide and Deliver

• Decision is the managers                 • No ambivalence
  Job                                      • Create contingency plan
• Collect Facts                               – Risk – FMEA AFD PPA
   – MBWA | MBE | Feedback                    – Richard Branson

• Derive Alternatives                      • Use scenarios
   – Open Mind | TRIZ?                        – Best case worst case

• Make a Choice
   – It‟s the context not an individual
   – Set a deadline | get accountable



  The fact is you will never have all the information to make a decision. If
       you did it’s a foregone conclusion not a decision – David Mahoney
Don’t worry about Praise
7                                        Exert “Praise
                                            Motivation”
• Sincere Admiration                 • Timing
   – Specific Measurable Actions         – Catch employees at their best
     Relevant Timely [SMART]
                                     • Acknowledge effort
• Can take many forms                    – Not only results
   – Non verbal | written | verbal       – Be positive & aggressive!
   – Giving the limelight
                                     • Say it with feeling
• No rationing                           – Atleast once [in a while]




 There is no verbal vitamin more potent than praise – Frederick B Harris
Off the Cuff Meetings
8                                              Plan Meetings

• Who & Scope                             • Meet and greet at the
   – Objective | relevant people            door
• Timely                                  • Open with an overview
   – 6 hats | specific                       – 1 min agenda / highlight
• Organize                                • Note it down
   – Material | Orientation of people        – Write down actions | expectations
• Orate actively
   – Look at everyone as you speak
Talk More
9                                                    Listen More

• Listen is 60% of senses                  • Think “Teach Me”
  as manager                               • Listen for understanding
• Be sensitive and care                       – Not agreement
   – Set the time and your priority up     • Distinguish seriousness
     front
   – If you cant listen set a time don‟t   • Act and provide
     just nod !                              resolution
• Clarify understanding
   – Also step in to progress further



  Often you hear “ he talk too much” have you ever heard “he listens too
                                            much?” – norman augustine
React to events
10                               Think Strategically

• Ask pertinent questions            • Dig down layers
   – don‟t take for granted               – Atleast 3 | 5 whys

• Run SWOT engine                    • Perform Triage
                                          – Sieve irrelevant | relevant
• Involve team
                                          – 80 / 20
   – Input | Brainstorm
                                     • Weigh all sides –
                                       consequences
                                          – FMEA | AFD | PPA




      To think strategically is to think with discipline and make informed
                 decisions on the direction you want to go – John Woods
Go it Alone
11                                            Build Alliances

• Share Common interests                   • Converse, don‟t compete
   – Business | social | personal
                                           • Whats in it for them?
• Help when needed                         • Recognize the rights
• Socialize informally                        – And say so
   – Talk intently | praise on success |
     empathize problems
   – There is no hierarchy here




 Going along with others is the essence of getting ahead, success being
                                   linked to cooperation – william feather
Ignore what others think
12                                                Get feedback

• 360 feedback                             • De personalize
   – Bosses | team | clients | others
                                           • Indirect queries
• Coping with feedback                        – Whats their general thoughts
   – Recognizing | acting | not reacting
                                           • Establish baseline
• Don‟t run from appraisals
• Ensure work is
  recognized


Success is all about feedback, feedback, feedback – neither mechanical
     systems or organizations can run without them – barbara reinhold.
Let them figure it out along
13                                     Give instructions

• Explain what is required             • Rehearse
   – Req Mapping | Funky Matrix |         – Organize thoughts | practice on
     Vision | 7 C‟s or communication        somebody

• Focus on action                      • Start Simply
                                          – Basic to complex | high to low
• Help when required
   – Not stand off-ish                 • Ask for a demo
                                          – Employees to demonstrate




     The 5 steps in teaching an employee new skills are >> preparation,
     explanation, show, observation, supervision [pesos] – harold hook
Speak like a bureaucrat
14                                      Speak with power

• Body language                         • Action Words
   – Energy, straight,                     – Pause around it | stress
   – No mumble, wishy washy
                                        • Voice dynamism
• Focus on main point                      – Volume stress time
   – Analogies | instances | facts
                                        • Paint word pictures
• Persuasion – sell it                     – Precise colorful language
   – No unnecessary information            – Tell visual stories




      The finest eloquence is what gets things done – david lloyd george
Ignore cynics
15                                       Win over cynics

• Identify cynics                     • Demand Evidence
                                           – If proven incorporate as allies
• Don‟t fall for cynism
                                           – Make them the agents of their
   – Nodding | smile instead                 suggestions
   – Ask for elaboration
   – Nip it in the bud                • Provide Evidence /
• Avoid labels                          remove obstacles
                                      • Let critics stage
                                        experiments

                      When it comes to people and their quirks, their idio-
 syncracies, personality flaws, the variety seems limitless, the managers
     job is to keep these human beings from clogging up the workings of
                                                their group – Andy Grove
React to Change
16                                 Prepare for change

• Be the change you want                • Dangle rewards
  to happen                                – What are the +ves
   – No slogans / clichés               • Anticipate multi-outcomes
• Focus on people during                   – Scenarios / personal / FMEA

  change                                • With-hold negatives
   – Informal meetings, direct,            – B +ve or neutral
     feedback
   – Inform and prepare for
     consequences of change [layoffs,
     routines, locations]


       Employees don’t resist change, they resist being changed – Peter
                                                              Scholtes
Always speak your mind
17                                   Muzzle your mouth

• Don‟t say much                         • 80 / 20 rule
   – Speak when needed | speak when         – 80 listen – 20 speak
     something is there | speak softly      – 100 observe!
     [bruce willis]
   – Don‟t bore                          • Stop | pause | time
                                            – After questions
• Silence speaks                            – Pauses to intervene to talk
   – Silence enhances power
   – Nod, timing, expression             • Let people vent
                                            – Don‟t react | listen | empathy
• Urge to speak ?                           – Don‟t Voice generic empathies
   – Deep Breath | pause | think
                                         • Make them write

       Listen long enough and the person will generally come up with an
                                     adequate solution – mary kay ash.
Ask Few Questions
18                                           Pose questions

• Ask necessary questions                  • KISS
                                              – Keep it simple and stupid
• Show interest in answers
   – Repeat | clarify                      • Launch one extra probe
   – Body language – still attentive eye      – Confirming understanding
     contact | no shifty jittery              – Asking definitions details
• Nod / yeahs                              • Dig below the surface
• Don‟t feign knowledge                       – 5 whys | triage




       My greatest strength as a consultant is be ignorant and ask a few
                                               questions – peter drucker
Hit out at poor performers
19                                Lift poor performers

• Set the bar high                      • Help poor poerformers
                                           – Champion strengths
• Don‟t let losers float
                                           – Challenge with targets / incentives
   – Confront their problems / issues
                                           – Enlist peers as mentors
   – They cam become entrenched
     moles

• Help professionally




  WE found most exciting environments, that treated people well and are
tough as a nail. Providing 2 thigns simultaneously : tough and supportive
                                              environments – Tom peters
Presentation skills not important
20                            Regale your audience

• Be a discussion leader                • Customize remarks
   – Don‟t shirk from public speaking      – General outline / as you go
                                             analogies examples remarks
• First minute counts
   – Captivating observation/           • Engage whole group
     anecdote/ statistic                   – Eye contact with all quarters /
   – Talk to the farthest person             equal attention to foes and friends
   – Body language > friendly B +ve     • Use Add-on visuals
• Eye contact                              – Media / images / patterns
   – Don‟t let eyes dart around            – Structures [images / thoughts]
Look for wrongs & tell
21                             Criticize w/o criticism

• Test of communication                  • Be direct
   – Choose right words | avoid verbs       – Factual | face to face [not email
     „is‟ „was‟ etc.. | don‟t be              etc..] | state clearly – 7 C‟s
     judgmental – Jack is lazy
                                         • Check Assumptions
• Don‟t make assumptions                    – Prepare with facts | involve
   – Check what you are about to say          perpetrators | don‟t judge
• Criticism in private                   • Preserve self esteem
   – B +ve | sincere | upbeat | but DO      – Mc Gregor – Y | task and not the
                                              individual – person | make
• Criticism not linked with                   employee commit
  emotions

         Never criticize until people are convinced of your unconditional
                               confidence in their abilities – john Robinson
Procrastinate
22                                       Beat the Clock

• Habits die hard                    • Eliminate time wasters
   – Putting off | multi-tasks |        – Aimless members

• Confront problem /                 • Set realistic standards
  interaction without delay             – Not perfection | question
                                          deliverables / expectations
• Plan and organize
   – To dos or only that much
                                     • Stage 15-min bursts
                                        – Upper limits to tasks / helps make
   – 80/20 / intent from minute go
                                          headway and generate
                                          momentum




 If you ask people what percentage of time they are spending on urgent
         but not important tasks it would be around 50% - stephen covey
Fear your boss
23                                   Impress your boss

• Can do                              • Arm yourself with
   – Don‟t take problems / excuses      answers
• Be upright / honest                 • Under promise over
   – Taking others credits etc..
                                        deliver
• Be SMART                            • Challenge in private
   – Specific Measured Action
     Relevant Timely                     – Time it / never in public

• Anticipate patterns of
  interaction

      Managing superiors is like managing clients, both situation simple
                involves human beings and relationships – Cynthia Loh
            Finally, as an employee you’re still an internal vendor – VR
Networking isn’t important
24                                        Mix and Mingle

• Art of small talk                  • Keep it positive
   – Build alliances / contacts /
     interests
                                     • Restate before response
• Show interest energy               • Know who is in
   – Flat tones / sighs /              attendance
   – Set expectations don‟t get
     involved when no time
   – Never ignore

• Praise Praise Praise


        Networking is a fancy way of saying “talk to people” – Peter Vogt
People are not mathematical
          equations,

so managing them is a fuzzier   and
more free form process than hard
               data
Just because you are the manager don‟t
 imagine you are in charge of
          every thing.

  As a boss you have the right   to
 delegate and enable others to call
         shots on your behalf!
24 lessons for a Manager – Role Map
Participate
                                                                                  Regale your
                Manage the             Win                    Build                                        Mix &
                                                                                   audiences
                  Boss                Cynics                Alliances                                      Mingle


Be                                     Do                                         Deliver
                                                 Ask
     Listen more      Muzzle your                               Plan                            Plan for       Beat the
                                               Questions
                        Mouth                                  Meetings                         Changes         Clock




                                               Speak with         Get
     Exert Praise      Criticize
                                                 Power         Feedback                         Decide &        Think
      Motivation       Subtlety
                                                                                                 deliver     Strategically


Manage



 Delegate    Manage Bad        Instruct            Give                 Regular          Lift poor            Handle
                News         With interest       Feedback               Reviews         performers             exits
Roles to play in employment
DELIVERIES / SKILLS                PEOPLE / INTERACTIONS


   Be Up to date in skills          Praise Others



Don‟t think indispensable           Praise Self



        Learn to say NO
                             You    Communicate direct


                                    Know & network right
 Deliver Promises made
                                    people



     Timing to perfection           B +ve

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The managers handbook - morey stettner

  • 1. The Managers Handbook Morey Stettner 24 lessons for mastering the managers role…..
  • 2. In the end all management can be reduced to 3 things – people products profits people come first – Lee Iacocca
  • 3. Give Criticism 1 Give Feedback • Don‟t dislike negative • Employee self evaluate feedback • Ask follow up questions • No delays – regular • Align Analysis with • 2 way conversation comments • All workers thirst for input Good managers don’t talk about their problems, but make their subordinates talk about theirs – Peter Drucker
  • 4. Cover Up Bad News 2 Make best of bad news • Seek bad news don‟t • Display “ego strength” escape • Set the context • Prepare to deliver bad – Prepare that failures happen – Tom peters … news – Prepare that improvement is key • Maintain perspective • Get to the point • Body language counts • End positive [B +ve] Communicate everything possible to your partners, The more they understand the more they will care. Once they care, there no stopping them – sam walton
  • 5. Do it all yourself 3 Delegate. • Delegate when possible • Step Back – Helps focus on the 80/20 – No micro manage | chose the right person • Delegation is not dumping • Clarify the assignment – Purpose | outcome | performance – Active | relevant | controls – Manager is accountable finally • Run an “im not here test” • Be careful in assigning – MBA! [By Absence] back – Beware of “let me show you” The secret of success is not doing your own work, but identifying the right man to do the job – Dale Carnegie Strange as it sounds great managers gain authority by giving it away – James B Stockdale
  • 6. Departee has nothing to say 4 Pick brains of departees • Schedule exit interviews • Lay the ground work • Assure confidentiality • Separate tangibles from • Keep the purpose intangibles positive • Request Names – Not politics – Respected ones – Networks – hires, vendors • Employees can come back • Proper hand over procedure The most successful people I have known are the ones who do more listening than talking – Bernard Baruch
  • 7. Review Performance once a year 5 Do it regularly • Don‟t dread appraisals • Stick to schedule – Employees want them ! – Once said is done • Informal regular • DISC Formula appraisals – Describe Impact Specify Consequences – Balanced | helps formal appraisal • Strive for accuracy • Suggest – don‟t threaten – From negatives to possibilities – Based on facts / information – Direct / Agreed upon deliverables • Keep a folder - remember Its only as we develop others do we permanently succeed – Harvey Firestone
  • 8. Make Snap Decisions 6 Decide and Deliver • Decision is the managers • No ambivalence Job • Create contingency plan • Collect Facts – Risk – FMEA AFD PPA – MBWA | MBE | Feedback – Richard Branson • Derive Alternatives • Use scenarios – Open Mind | TRIZ? – Best case worst case • Make a Choice – It‟s the context not an individual – Set a deadline | get accountable The fact is you will never have all the information to make a decision. If you did it’s a foregone conclusion not a decision – David Mahoney
  • 9. Don’t worry about Praise 7 Exert “Praise Motivation” • Sincere Admiration • Timing – Specific Measurable Actions – Catch employees at their best Relevant Timely [SMART] • Acknowledge effort • Can take many forms – Not only results – Non verbal | written | verbal – Be positive & aggressive! – Giving the limelight • Say it with feeling • No rationing – Atleast once [in a while] There is no verbal vitamin more potent than praise – Frederick B Harris
  • 10. Off the Cuff Meetings 8 Plan Meetings • Who & Scope • Meet and greet at the – Objective | relevant people door • Timely • Open with an overview – 6 hats | specific – 1 min agenda / highlight • Organize • Note it down – Material | Orientation of people – Write down actions | expectations • Orate actively – Look at everyone as you speak
  • 11. Talk More 9 Listen More • Listen is 60% of senses • Think “Teach Me” as manager • Listen for understanding • Be sensitive and care – Not agreement – Set the time and your priority up • Distinguish seriousness front – If you cant listen set a time don‟t • Act and provide just nod ! resolution • Clarify understanding – Also step in to progress further Often you hear “ he talk too much” have you ever heard “he listens too much?” – norman augustine
  • 12. React to events 10 Think Strategically • Ask pertinent questions • Dig down layers – don‟t take for granted – Atleast 3 | 5 whys • Run SWOT engine • Perform Triage – Sieve irrelevant | relevant • Involve team – 80 / 20 – Input | Brainstorm • Weigh all sides – consequences – FMEA | AFD | PPA To think strategically is to think with discipline and make informed decisions on the direction you want to go – John Woods
  • 13. Go it Alone 11 Build Alliances • Share Common interests • Converse, don‟t compete – Business | social | personal • Whats in it for them? • Help when needed • Recognize the rights • Socialize informally – And say so – Talk intently | praise on success | empathize problems – There is no hierarchy here Going along with others is the essence of getting ahead, success being linked to cooperation – william feather
  • 14. Ignore what others think 12 Get feedback • 360 feedback • De personalize – Bosses | team | clients | others • Indirect queries • Coping with feedback – Whats their general thoughts – Recognizing | acting | not reacting • Establish baseline • Don‟t run from appraisals • Ensure work is recognized Success is all about feedback, feedback, feedback – neither mechanical systems or organizations can run without them – barbara reinhold.
  • 15. Let them figure it out along 13 Give instructions • Explain what is required • Rehearse – Req Mapping | Funky Matrix | – Organize thoughts | practice on Vision | 7 C‟s or communication somebody • Focus on action • Start Simply – Basic to complex | high to low • Help when required – Not stand off-ish • Ask for a demo – Employees to demonstrate The 5 steps in teaching an employee new skills are >> preparation, explanation, show, observation, supervision [pesos] – harold hook
  • 16. Speak like a bureaucrat 14 Speak with power • Body language • Action Words – Energy, straight, – Pause around it | stress – No mumble, wishy washy • Voice dynamism • Focus on main point – Volume stress time – Analogies | instances | facts • Paint word pictures • Persuasion – sell it – Precise colorful language – No unnecessary information – Tell visual stories The finest eloquence is what gets things done – david lloyd george
  • 17. Ignore cynics 15 Win over cynics • Identify cynics • Demand Evidence – If proven incorporate as allies • Don‟t fall for cynism – Make them the agents of their – Nodding | smile instead suggestions – Ask for elaboration – Nip it in the bud • Provide Evidence / • Avoid labels remove obstacles • Let critics stage experiments When it comes to people and their quirks, their idio- syncracies, personality flaws, the variety seems limitless, the managers job is to keep these human beings from clogging up the workings of their group – Andy Grove
  • 18. React to Change 16 Prepare for change • Be the change you want • Dangle rewards to happen – What are the +ves – No slogans / clichés • Anticipate multi-outcomes • Focus on people during – Scenarios / personal / FMEA change • With-hold negatives – Informal meetings, direct, – B +ve or neutral feedback – Inform and prepare for consequences of change [layoffs, routines, locations] Employees don’t resist change, they resist being changed – Peter Scholtes
  • 19. Always speak your mind 17 Muzzle your mouth • Don‟t say much • 80 / 20 rule – Speak when needed | speak when – 80 listen – 20 speak something is there | speak softly – 100 observe! [bruce willis] – Don‟t bore • Stop | pause | time – After questions • Silence speaks – Pauses to intervene to talk – Silence enhances power – Nod, timing, expression • Let people vent – Don‟t react | listen | empathy • Urge to speak ? – Don‟t Voice generic empathies – Deep Breath | pause | think • Make them write Listen long enough and the person will generally come up with an adequate solution – mary kay ash.
  • 20. Ask Few Questions 18 Pose questions • Ask necessary questions • KISS – Keep it simple and stupid • Show interest in answers – Repeat | clarify • Launch one extra probe – Body language – still attentive eye – Confirming understanding contact | no shifty jittery – Asking definitions details • Nod / yeahs • Dig below the surface • Don‟t feign knowledge – 5 whys | triage My greatest strength as a consultant is be ignorant and ask a few questions – peter drucker
  • 21. Hit out at poor performers 19 Lift poor performers • Set the bar high • Help poor poerformers – Champion strengths • Don‟t let losers float – Challenge with targets / incentives – Confront their problems / issues – Enlist peers as mentors – They cam become entrenched moles • Help professionally WE found most exciting environments, that treated people well and are tough as a nail. Providing 2 thigns simultaneously : tough and supportive environments – Tom peters
  • 22. Presentation skills not important 20 Regale your audience • Be a discussion leader • Customize remarks – Don‟t shirk from public speaking – General outline / as you go analogies examples remarks • First minute counts – Captivating observation/ • Engage whole group anecdote/ statistic – Eye contact with all quarters / – Talk to the farthest person equal attention to foes and friends – Body language > friendly B +ve • Use Add-on visuals • Eye contact – Media / images / patterns – Don‟t let eyes dart around – Structures [images / thoughts]
  • 23. Look for wrongs & tell 21 Criticize w/o criticism • Test of communication • Be direct – Choose right words | avoid verbs – Factual | face to face [not email „is‟ „was‟ etc.. | don‟t be etc..] | state clearly – 7 C‟s judgmental – Jack is lazy • Check Assumptions • Don‟t make assumptions – Prepare with facts | involve – Check what you are about to say perpetrators | don‟t judge • Criticism in private • Preserve self esteem – B +ve | sincere | upbeat | but DO – Mc Gregor – Y | task and not the individual – person | make • Criticism not linked with employee commit emotions Never criticize until people are convinced of your unconditional confidence in their abilities – john Robinson
  • 24. Procrastinate 22 Beat the Clock • Habits die hard • Eliminate time wasters – Putting off | multi-tasks | – Aimless members • Confront problem / • Set realistic standards interaction without delay – Not perfection | question deliverables / expectations • Plan and organize – To dos or only that much • Stage 15-min bursts – Upper limits to tasks / helps make – 80/20 / intent from minute go headway and generate momentum If you ask people what percentage of time they are spending on urgent but not important tasks it would be around 50% - stephen covey
  • 25. Fear your boss 23 Impress your boss • Can do • Arm yourself with – Don‟t take problems / excuses answers • Be upright / honest • Under promise over – Taking others credits etc.. deliver • Be SMART • Challenge in private – Specific Measured Action Relevant Timely – Time it / never in public • Anticipate patterns of interaction Managing superiors is like managing clients, both situation simple involves human beings and relationships – Cynthia Loh Finally, as an employee you’re still an internal vendor – VR
  • 26. Networking isn’t important 24 Mix and Mingle • Art of small talk • Keep it positive – Build alliances / contacts / interests • Restate before response • Show interest energy • Know who is in – Flat tones / sighs / attendance – Set expectations don‟t get involved when no time – Never ignore • Praise Praise Praise Networking is a fancy way of saying “talk to people” – Peter Vogt
  • 27. People are not mathematical equations, so managing them is a fuzzier and more free form process than hard data
  • 28. Just because you are the manager don‟t imagine you are in charge of every thing. As a boss you have the right to delegate and enable others to call shots on your behalf!
  • 29. 24 lessons for a Manager – Role Map Participate Regale your Manage the Win Build Mix & audiences Boss Cynics Alliances Mingle Be Do Deliver Ask Listen more Muzzle your Plan Plan for Beat the Questions Mouth Meetings Changes Clock Speak with Get Exert Praise Criticize Power Feedback Decide & Think Motivation Subtlety deliver Strategically Manage Delegate Manage Bad Instruct Give Regular Lift poor Handle News With interest Feedback Reviews performers exits
  • 30. Roles to play in employment DELIVERIES / SKILLS PEOPLE / INTERACTIONS Be Up to date in skills Praise Others Don‟t think indispensable Praise Self Learn to say NO You Communicate direct Know & network right Deliver Promises made people Timing to perfection B +ve