Website Globalization And E Business France

Globalization Partners International White Paper | 2014

Website Globalization and
E-Business France
The Website Globalization and E-Business Series includes a series of brief reports on country-specific
website globalization and e-business topics. The series includes:
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China
Japan
Germany
US Hispanic Market
Brazil
India

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Russia
Argentina
France
United Kingdom
United Arab Emirates

This series of reports is meant to be a primer on e-Business as well as a collection of language, culture
and website globalization facts by country. These reports are by no means a complete coverage of
these topics. For more comprehensive or customized reports on country-specific Website Globalization
and E-Business topics, please email mspethman@globalizationpartners.com.
No material contained in this report may be reproduced in whole or in part without prior written
permission of Globalization Partners International. The information contained in this White Paper has
been obtained from sources we believe to be reliable, but neither its completeness nor accuracy can
be guaranteed.

The Website Globalization and E-Business paper
was researched and written by:
Martin Spethman
Managing Partner
Globalization Partners International
mspethman@globalizationpartners.com
Phone: 866-272-5874
Nitish Singh, PhD,
Author of “The Culturally Customized Website”,
“Localization Strategies for Global E-Business”,
and Assistant Professor of International Business,
Boeing Institute of International Business, John
Cook School of Business, Saint Louis University.
singhn2@slu.edu
Phone: 314-977-7604
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Translation
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Website Internationalization & Localization
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Globalization Consulting
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To learn more about Globalization Partners International, please visit us at blog.globalizationpartners.com.
Website Globalization and E-Business | France

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I.

Market Introduction and Stats

Country

The value of the European
online ad market 2012 (€m)

Europe

UK

6,642

Netherlands

1,207

Germany

4,551

Italy

1,418

Source: The European Interactive Advertising
Association (www.eiaa.net)

$2.613 Trillion (World Bank 2012)
0.1% (insee.fr 2013)
66 Million (insee.fr 2013)

Internet Population

52 Million (Internet World Stats 2012)

Online Spending

Internet

GDP

Population

2,770

Numbers

Economy Growth Rate

General Stats

24,3 Billion

France

Fast Facts

$50 Billion (emarketservices.com 2012)

Summary sheet has been compiled through the use of sources from academia

LLThe country name of France originates from the Franks, who were a Germanic tribe that occupied
the region after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. (Wikipedia.org)
LLRetail sites reached 84.5 percent of the online audience in France, making it the third biggest
market in Europe in June 2013, after Germany and Russia. (Comscore.com, 2013)
LLFrance is a member of the G8 group of leading industrialized countries, it is ranked as the world’s
seventh largest and the EU’s second largest economy by purchasing power parity. With 39 of the
500 biggest companies in the world in 2010, France ranks fourth in the Fortune Global 500, ahead
of Germany and the UK. (Wikipedia.org)
LLApproximately 50% of the French population claims to have a foreign background. This makes
France one of the most diverse countries in the world. (Wikipedia.org)
LLIn 2012 European ecommerce – including sale values of online retail goods and services such as
travel bookings, ticketed events and downloads – grew by 19% to €311.6bn. The EU comprised
88.7% of that total, or €276.5bn. (Internetretailing.net)
LLDuring 2012 Europe’s strength in ecommerce continued to be dominated by the UK (€96bn in sales),
Germany (€50bn) and France (€45bn). Between them these three markets account for 61% of
Europe’s total share of sales. (Internetretailing.net)
LL53% of all mobile phones in France are now smartphones. (Comscore.com)
LLWith 83 million foreign tourists in 2012, France is ranked as the first tourist destination in the
world, ahead of the US (67 million) and China (58 million). (UNWTO)

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II.

France Culture and the Online Consumer

Individualism: French culture values individual goals

French Culture and Values

(high Individualism) over group goals. Independence,
individuality and self expression are preferred values.
Power Distance: A belief in authority and hierarchy

The French culture is extremely rich and diverse. It reflects both regional differences and the influence
of immigration. (Wikipedia.org)

(high Power Distance). Cultures like France that are
high on power distance accept power and hierarchy in
society and are low on egalitarianism. In such cultures,
less powerful citizens are accepting of unequal power
distribution in society.
High Context: High context cultures like France, have

The French culture can be described using five cultural values based on the work of Hofstede
(1980). Professor Geert Hofstede conducted perhaps the most comprehensive study of how values
in the workplace are influenced by culture and is the author of several books including “Culture’s
Consequences” (2nd fully revised edition, 2001), and “Cultures and Organizations, Software of the
Mind“ (2nd fully revised edition 2005).

close connections among group members. Everyone
has a similar, intrinsic knowledge base. There is little
information that is explicit. High context cultures use
more symbols and nonverbal clues to communicate,
with meaning embedded in the situational context.

Hofstede demonstrated that there are national and regional cultural groupings that affect the behavior
of societies and organizations that are very persistent across time. Hofstede’s research showed that
cultural values like Individualism-Collectivism, Power Distance, Masculinity-Femininity,
High-Low Context and Uncertainty Avoidance can be used to categorize various national cultures.

Uncertainty Avoidance: This is the importance of
predictability, structure and order (high uncertainty
avoidance), versus a willingness for risk-taking and
an acceptance of ambiguity and limited structure

A country’s culture is made unique based upon which of these five values are incorporated into daily
life and the emphasis it puts on each. For example, France rates significantly on Individualism, Power
Distance, High Context and Uncertainty Avoidance.

(low uncertainty avoidance). People from cultures
high on uncertainty avoidance, like France, tend
to have low tolerance for uncertainty and avoid

Insights into French Consumer Values:

ambiguous situations, view conflict and competition as
threatening, and value security over adventure and risk.

(Hofstede, Geert. Culture’s Consequences, Comparing Values,
Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications)

The McDonalds Example: McDonalds has used French
cultural symbols and icons in an attempt to hit the sweet spot
of French consumers. Advertisements of McDonalds have
carried the classic comic icons Astérix and Oblélix to promote
their products. (Singh)

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LLCulture: The French are very proud of their national culture, history and traditions. In order to
connect with French consumers, it is important to thoroughly localize content to French culture.
LLEnvironment: French consumers tend to be very environmentally conscious. They prefer products
that are natural and environmentally friendly. (Martin)
LLHumor: Research has shown that the French are receptive to messages that are delivered using an
appeal to humor. For example, Tetly Herbal Tea uses the signature line, “Finally, an English product
that is good for you.” (Biswas et al.; Martin)
LLHeritage: The French are very dedicated to preserving their heritage and are at times, reluctant
to embrace foreign brands. For example, major American brands like Coca Cola, McDonalds and
Disney have felt the unwillingness of the French consumers to embrace Pan-American culture.
LLCommunication: While the French tend to be individualistic in their work orientation, they tend to
be relational in their communication and information societal roles. (Overby et al.)
LLProduct Attributes: French consumers prefer to rely on abstract attributes and relational
consequences of a product, whereas cultures like the U.S. and Germany may emphasize the
functional consequences and concrete attributes of a product. (Overby et al.)
LLTraditions: The French tend to be deep thinkers and seek to embrace creativity and beauty in every
day representations. This may be part of the long established traditions of art, gastronomy and
architecture.



II.

France Culture and the Online Consumer
French Consumer Decision Making:
Based on theoretical and applied research in academia, the following are some unique insights into
the French consumer’s viewpoint:
€€Familiarity: Once French users buy online and feel comfortable giving their credit card numbers,
they are more confident about future online shopping. (Médiamétrie)
€€Language: According to Overture France, the French consumer will look for information on the
web in the French language approximately 94% of the time. They are not attracted to English
advertisements.
€€Common Items: The items most commonly researched or purchased online in France include travel
tickets, holidays, electrical goods, books, clothes, properties, music downloads, DVDs, mobile
phones, home furnishings and concert tickets. (www.eiaa.net)
€€Online Activities: The most common activities of French online users are information searches,
online shopping, news, social networking, e-mail, online banking and blogs. (comScore.com)

French Consumer Segments:
Market segmentation is an exercise in carefully identifying profitable and accessible consumer
segments based on socio-demographics, geographics and psychographics. Segmentation is unique to
each company and product.
””Catalog Segment: This segment takes a recreational approach to shopping and is predominantly
older shoppers. They shop for enjoyment and look for convenience, as well as strong factual
information. In addition, this segment is very interested in unique merchandise with high quality.
This segment is very loyal to brands and stores.
””Store Segment: This segment is a relatively younger and predominantly female segment that
view shopping as recreation. This segment is concerned about the look and feel of the shopping
experience, so aesthetics and providing high quality, unique merchandise are extremely important
to this shopper. This segment is not loyal to brands or stores, but will change if the experience or
merchandise is viewed as better elsewhere.
””Apathetic Segment: This group is not brand or store loyal and only shop on an as-needed basis.
They are not worried about selection, merchandise quality or uniqueness.
””Relationship Segment: This segment prefers to build a relationship with a store or brand, and
remains extremely loyal to them. They are also concerned about the return policies of a company.

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III. The French Language
Language Facts/Tips
ÌÌ Language Use: Use clear, formal language
with proper articles. This helps to ensure that
the translators are able to fully understand
the original meaning of the text. Additionally,
avoid slang or colloquialisms that may not
culturally relevant like “get all your ducks in
a line”.
ÌÌ Diacritics: A few diacritics may be included
in certain language keyboards, but including
all of them would not be possible. The
simple way to place the diacritics into a
document is to hold the ALT key (in Windows)
and input the numeric code assigned to a
particular character.
ÌÌ Text Expansion: When some languages
such as English are translated into French, the
text can expand up to 25-35%. This means
the text takes up more physical space on the
page and the words inside the graphics, tool
bars, tables, etc. can all expand.
ÌÌ Vowels: French vowels can either be
accented or unaccented, serving to
differentiate between otherwise identical
words. The vowels can be accented in
several ways and commonly include: a, e,
i, o, u. The letters h and y are sometimes
considered vowels. (http://us.penguingroup.
com/static/html/cig/toptips/frenchtips.html)

French is the third-largest of the Romance languages in terms of the number of native speakers, after
Spanish and Portuguese. French is estimated as having 110 million native speakers and 190 million
more second language speakers. It is also an official language in 29 countries. (Wikipedia.org)
French is written using the Latin alphabet. In
addition to the 26 standard letters, French also
uses five diacritics: The circumflex accent, acute
accent, grave accent, dieresis and cedilla, as well
as the two ligatures æ and œ. (Wikipedia.org)
All diacritics are included in the ISO 8859-1 and
Windows 1252 character sets.

French has had a major influence on the English
language, as arguably half of all English words
originate from French. French is the second most
commonly-taught second language in the world
(after English).

ÌÌ Articles: There are three primary article
groups that are used in the French Language,
definite, indefinite, and partive and each
group has 4 articles. The usage of an article
is determined primarily by the gender of the
noun with which it is associated, as well
as whether the noun begins with a vowel.
The definite articles are similar to the word
“the” in English and are as follows: singular
articles are la, for feminine nouns, and le
for masculine nouns, the plural is les and if
the article is before a vowel or mute h it is
l’. (http://french.about.com/library/weekly/
aa112299.htm)
ÌÌ Gender: Although, articles can be used to
determine gender, the ending of a noun can
also be used to determine its gender. Classic
feminine endings include, but are not limited
to: -ade, -ance, -ence, -ette, and -ie. Classic
masculine endings include, but are not
limited to: -acle, -al, -eau, -ier, and -isme. In
a group of mixed gender, the masculine plural
is always used. (http://us.penguingroup.com/
static/html/cig/toptips/frenchtips.html)

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Example of Text Expansion: The French website of Chuzzlewit Borthers Chocolates with both English and French translations
side by side. (www.adobe.com)



IV. Website Globalization
Whether you are trying to launch a multilingual website in order to expand the markets for your
products and services, or you are trying to increase your company’s global operational efficiencies by
developing multilingual extranets and intranets, Website Globalization is a requirement to make either
a reality. In order to enable your web presence to communicate, conduct and complete international
e-Business, you need to translate (globalize) your website.
Website translation is also known as “Website Globalization”. In order to truly “translate” a website
into other languages you may need both Internationalization (I18n) and Localization (L10n) services.

+
Internationalization (I18n) involves enabling the backend of a website to handle different
languages, character sets, currencies, submit form data, site search capabilities, etc… and involves
understanding what database and content management systems you are using to author, store and
publish your site’s content.
Localization (L10n) involves translating and localizing the front end of your website into different
languages ensuring all content (text and graphics) is translated in an accurate and culturally correct
manner.

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V.

French Cultural Correctness
and Web Customization
Cultural Customization: Key Issues
The basis for cultural customization of websites is a theoretically sound, empirically validated
framework built on five unique cultural values that account for similarities and differences across
global cultures. Research indicates that attitude towards websites, the sites’ interactivity and
usability, as well as purchase intentions of users are enhanced when sites are congruent
with the target users’ cultural predispositions.
The cultural customization framework is drawn from established research and is based on five unique
values: Individualism-Collectivism, Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Masculinity-Femininity,
and Low-High Context (See page 3 of this report).
These five predominant cultural values can be represented in a country-to-country comparison using
the maps below:

Masculinity - Femininity vs. Uncertainty Avoidance

Power Distance vs. Individualism - CollecƟvism

ÌÌFrance

100

100

Individualism - CollecƟvism Index

Uncertainty Avoidance Index

ÌÌFrance

50

Masculinity - Femininity Index

0
0
Arab World
Canada
Czech Republic
El Salvador
Guatemala
Iran
Japan
o r ay
oland
South Korea
hailand
n ited States

50
ArgenƟna
Chile
Czech Republic
Finland
Hong Kong
Ireland
Malaysia
akistan
ortugal
Spain
urkey
rugua y

Australia
China
Denmark
France
Hungary
Israel
Me ico
anama
Russia
S eden
S Hispanic Market
enezuela

100
Austria
Colombia
East Africa
Germany
India
Italy
eth erlands
eru
Singapore
S itzerland
n ited Arab Emirates
West Africa

Brazil
Costa Rica
Ecuador
Greece
Indonesia
Jamaica
e
ealand
hilippines
South Africa
ai an
n ited Kingdom

50

Power Distance Index

0
0
Arab World
Brazil
Colombia
El Salvador
Hungary
Iran
Malaysia
akistan
ortugal
Spain
S Hispanic Market
enezuela

50
ArgenƟna
Canada
Costa Rica
Finland
Hong Kong
Israel
Me ico
anama
Russia
S eden
n ited Arab Emirates
West Africa

Australia
Chile
Czech Republic
France
India
Italy
eth erlands
eru
Singapore
S itzerland
n ited Kingdom

100
Austria
China
Denmark
Germany
Indonesia
Jamaica
e
ealand
hilippines
South Africa
ai an
n ited States

Belgium
Colombia
East Africa
Guatemala
Ireland
Japan
o r ay
oland
South Korea
urkey
rugua y

Cultural Maps for France

Tables and section based on the book, “The Culturally Customized Website: Customizing
Websites for the Global Marketplace” – by Nitish Singh and Arun Pereira. Cultural maps are
from Hofstede, Geert. “Culture’s Consequences, Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and
Organization Across Nations” Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications)

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V.


The Cultural Customization Scorecard
Once we have identified the country’s predominant cultural values using the cultural maps, the next step in customizing a website is to evaluate it on the
relevant cultural values. We do this in the form of the Cultural Customization Scorecard. The scorecard is produced by analyzing the features on the site that
conform to the cultural values of that market.
The cultural values of interest for France are Individualism, High Context, Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance. These are carefully derived
based on the cultural distinctions that are meaningful to the members of a given society (For a detailed cultural analysis of your website please contact
mspethman@globalizationpartners.com).

The Cultural Customization Scorecard™ - France
Values

Individualism

Collectivism

Uncertainty
Avoidance

Power
Distance

Masculinity

Low
Context

High
Context

Cultural
Scores

Grading Scale:
> 90%

Excellent Customization on Cultural Value

70-89%

Good Customization on Cultural Value

< 70%

Poor Customization on Cultural Value

Cultural Customization (Examples)
ÂÂIndividualism-Collectivism: France tends
to be individualistic in professional or formal
settings. Therefore when designing websites,
it is ideal to emphasize independence and
self-reliance. For example, Garnier Fructis
emphasizes personal improvement and
Cross Medias showed self-reliance and
independence in both the choice of a single
model and their activities.

ÂÂHigh Power Distance: The French are
high on Power Distance. Some ways to
customize a site for this value is to emphasize
certifications, awards, and company
and employee recognitions. In addition,
highlighting a company’s mission and values
can also be beneficial. For example, see how
Médé prominently displays and explains the
importance of their awards.

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V.


ÂÂUncertainty Avoidance: Cultures with
high Uncertainty Avoidance want to avoid
risk. There are several ways to design a
website for risk adverse cultures like France.
These include having a clear navigation and
a secured site when transacting business
online. Furthermore, emphasizing history and
tradition can also help to increase confidence.
For example, see how Voyages-sncf.com has
a clear navigation and Air France emphasizes
their history through a pictorial timeline. Both
emphasize tradition on their websites.

ÂÂHigh Context: Using color and imagery is one
way to customize your site for a High Context
culture. For example, EnjoyFrance.com uses
soft images and clear navigation on their
website and Printemps uses an interesting
shot of their stained glass dome in their
main store in Paris on Boulevard Haussman,
as well as a unique navigation menu that
utilizes pictures, on the right-hand side of
their website.

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V.


Website Customization Considerations
Symbols and Icons
The French culture is extremely rich and diverse.
It has been shaped by immigration and reflects
the regional differences of France. It is important
to be aware of the nuances of the French Culture
to avoid any cultural blunders and inadvertent use
of cultural symbols.
Some examples:
LLThe number 13 is considered a very unlucky
number. For example, having 13 people dine together is unlucky, as it is believed that one of the
attendees will die within the next year. They often invite 12 or 14 people, and even have people
“on-call” to attend, if 13 people show up.
LLSinging brings rainy weather.
LLIt is considered bad luck to cross a stream while carrying a cat.
LLHanding someone a loaf of bread with the split-top or decoration side down means that they are
either trying to kill you, or they think you are a killer.
LLKnives given as wedding gifts will curse the marriage to failure, if the couple does not give a little
money to the person who gave the gift.

Colors
In France, certain colors carry specific meaning and symbolize aspects of their culture.
€€Black: It is the color of grief, death and hopelessness, as well as formality.
€€Green: It is the color of nature, spring and rebirth. It also has a negative significance for packaged goods.

Spatial Orientation
Spatial orientation refers to how web content is structured. According to Wendy Barber and Albert Badre, authors of “Culturability: The Merging of Culture
and Usability”, spatial orientation has a direct effect on website usability, because it affects visual perception. Manipulating the orientation can change the
user’s comfort level. What is user-friendly for one country may be vastly different for another.

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V.


Text Length
When translating a document or website, it is important to take into account how the length of the text will change after translation. There are a variety of
reasons why text expansion occurs. Equivalent phrases in a target language may have more characters or words than in English, and some cultures prefer
using a more formal style than other cultures, avoiding abbreviations, for example. Additionally, for both documents and websites both line and page breaks
may be different in the localized version than in the English version. Finally, the layout of the document or website itself may change depending on the
direction of the text. For example, Arabic is a bi-directional language and is read right-to-left, which will not only switch the layout of the text, but also the
graphics, the tool bars, the navigation bars, and the binding of the book, etc... Similarly, some languages like Chinese and Japanese can be displayed either
in left-to-right character rows or vertical character columns, and the choice influences how document elements such as graphics, figures, tables, call outs,
etc. are arranged in the final document or webpage.
There can either be text expansion or compression when a document or website is translated from English into a target language. For example, French can
expand up to 35% when translated from English. With document localization, there are several steps that can be taken to help preserve the integrity of the
look and feel “layout” of the document. These include:
LLUsing a larger font in the original language, if it is expected the language will expand during translation. This will help to develop a better feel for the
final size of the document and how the document elements will be laid out relative to the text. If the text is expected to shrink, use a slightly smaller font
for the same reasons.
LLTables and graphics may need to be resized or changed. Some, like the vertical Chinese or Japanese layout, will require more finessing than others.

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VI. Internet and Search Engine Marketing

in France
The key to promoting a website internationally is to create localized content and keywords, register
local domains and then promote them through local search engines, affiliate marketing, online and
offline branding and promotions.
AFNIC (Association Francaise pour le Nommage Internet en Coopération) is the registry of domains
names for .fr (France) and .re (Reunion Island).
It is recommended that firms plan on and conduct some
form of global search engine marketing (SEM) in order
to drive traffic to their new language sites.
This may include global search engine optimization of
your localized Web content, submission of pages to
key country (locale) search engines, and a pay-per-click
marketing campaigns through services like Google
Adwords or Overture.
For more information on Global SEM Services, see
www.globalizationpartners.com/SEM

Top Search Engines in France
ÌÌGoogle (94.21%)
ÌÌBing (2.41%)
ÌÌYahoo (1.29%)
ÌÌBabylon (0.59%)
ÌÌConduit (0.51%)

(Source: statcounter.com)

The AFNIC is now allowing all adults with postal addresses in France to register domain names ending
in .fr. Until now, only professionals, associations or public bodies have been able to register.

Reasons for registering your site under the .fr domain name
LLThe .fr domains are easy to register. The AFNIC has automated its registration procedures.
LL72% of French Internet users would prefer French companies registered under .fr, according to a
survey completed by SOFRES for AFNIC (www.afnic.com).
LLMaking your website accessible through a .fr domain name instills trust in users by showing them
that your organization is legally identified in France (www.afnic.com).
LLSearch engines look at both the IP addresses of websites and top-level domains like .de, .fr, and
many others. It does not matter where the site is hosted. If it has the .fr domain, it will be included
in search engines as a page from France.
LLLocal French search engines will be inclined to favor a site if it is French, hosted in France, and has
the.fr in its domain name.
LLSetting up a French site with the.fr domain should be seen by search engines directories and other
sites as a new website. This will help you get additional listings in local directories and also the
Yahoo! Directory, which enhances SEO efforts.
LLIt is impossible to have a.fr domain name deactivated or fall back by mistake to the public domain.
Every .fr domain name is renewed by default and is only deleted in the case of an explicit request
from its registrar. (www.afnic.fr)

Source: statcounter.com.
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VII. Social Media and Digital Marketing

for France
With the growth of global communications and marketing you need to adapt your social media
communication to different cultural audiences and locales.
Since social media is influencing all online communications, it is no longer enough just to localize
your content. In today’s dynamic, social networking charged environment, you need to adapt your
communication to match your target audience in France to make sure that your message and intent is
successfully communicated.
It is recommended that firms plan on and conduct some
form of global social media localization in order to drive
traffic to their websites and social media profiles.
This may include global social media localization
of your content, social media optimization for local
networks, and advertising campaigns through services
like Facebook Advertising.
For more information on Global Social Media Services,
see www.globalizationpartners.com/SocialMedia

Key Insights from the Digital Landscape for France:
LLSocial Media Sites attract the largest number of display ads in France, with 22.5% of the total
display ad impressions. (Source: ComScore)
LL78% of Facebook users in France use Facebook with a mobile device. In total, 20% of the traffic on
social networks in France comes from mobile devices. (Source: ComScore)
LL89% of French internet users are signed up for at least one social network. And one minute out of
three spent online in France is spent on a social network.

Top Social Media Networks in France
€€Facebook (75.45%)
€€Twitter (9.68%)
€€Youtube (5.91%)
€€Pinterest (3.4%)
€€Tumblr (1.88%)
Source: statcounter.com.

References available upon request.

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Resources
Search Engines
ßßKagibi:
www.kagibi.net
ßßGoogle France:
www.google.fr
ßßPagesJaunes:
www.pagesjaunes.fr/
trouverlesprofessionnels/index.do
ßßYahoo! France:
fr.yahoo.com

ßßAltavista France:
fr.altavista.com
ßßLycos France:
www.lycos.fr
ßßFrancité:
www.francite.com
ßßOrange:
www.orange.fr
ßßAlsannuaire:
www.alsannuaire.com/alsannuaire

ßßBest of Corse:
www.best-of-corse.com/annuaire/annuaire.
php
ßßBreizhoo:
www.breizhoo.fr
ßßEzilon:
www.ezilon.com/php/fr.php
ßßFrance Surf:
www.francesurf.net

ßßwww.networkeurope.org

ßßeur-lex.europa.eu/en/index.htm

ßßwww.oecd.org

ßßwww.kwintessential.co.uk/interculturalbusiness-communication/tool.php

ßßwww.eurunion.org

ßßwww.economist.com/topics/france

ßßwww.franceguide.com

ßßsearchenginewatch.com

ßßwww.state.gov/p/eur/ci/fr

ßßwww.1ere-position.com

ßßwww.discoverfrance.net

ßßwww.activis.net

ßßwww.infoplease.com

ßßwww.multilingual.com

Useful Links

ßßwww.kwintessential.co.uk/cross-cultural/
currency-converter.html
ßßwww.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/globaletiquette/france-country-profile.html
ßßen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_France

ßßwww.countryreports.org/country/France.htm
ßßwww.ce-mark.com/cedoc.html

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