17. VERTICAL BALANCE: The top and bottom are balanced (here in terms of SPACE) but are not necessarily symmetrical.
18. FOCAL POINT: To unify a design, emphasis is can be added around an area that compels the viewer’s eye to return to it again and again. Without a focal point, things can fall apart.
19. SCALE: Emphasis can be added by affecting the size of an image compared to its surroundings.
20. ECONOMY: Using only what is needed to create an intended effect, you can make normal things appear to be abstract or semi-abstract . Work this out with careful cropping .