1.
Wark Meiser

2.
Wark Meiser

3.
Wark Meiser
Zurich

4.
Wark Meiser
Zurich Seattle Berkeley
Pittsburgh

5.
Wark Meiser
Zurich Seattle Berkeley
Pittsburgh
UBISEALS

6.
Wark Meiser
Zurich Seattle Berkeley
Pittsburgh
UBISEALS

7.
Wark Meiser
Zurich Seattle Berkeley
Pittsburgh
Opportunity Knocks: a System to Provide
Cognitive Assistance with Transportation
SPECs: Another Approach to Human Context and
SPECs: Another Approach to Human Context and
Services
Activity Sensing Research, Using Tiny Peer-to-Peerand
SPECs: Another Approach to Human Context
Activity Sensing Research, Using Tiny Peer-to-Peerand
SPECs: Another Approach to Human Context
SPECs: Wireless Computers. Human Context
Activity Sensing Research, Using Tiny Peer-to-Peerand
Another Approach to
SPECs: Wireless Computers. Human Context
Activity Sensing Research, Using Tiny Peer-to-Peerand
Another Approach to
Donald J. Patterson, Lin Liao, Krzysztof Computers.Collier, Nik Livic,
SPECs: Wireless Approach Tiny Peer-to-Peer
Activity Sensing Research, Michaelto Human Context and
Another Gajos, Using
Wireless Computers. Kautz
Activity Sensing Research, Using Tiny Peer-to-Peer
Katherine Olson, Shiaokai Wang, Dieter Fox, and Henry
Wireless Computers.
Activity Sensing Research, Using Tiny Peer-to-Peer
Mik Lamming, HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA,
mik@hp.com Computers.
Wireless 98195, USA,
Mik Lamming, HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA,
University OfMik Lamming, HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA,
Washington, Seattle WA Computers.
Wireless
mik@hp.com
{djp3,liaolin,kgajos,kolson,fox,kautz}@cs.washington.edu
Mik Lamming, HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA,
mik@hp.com
Denis Bohm, Firefly mik@hp.com Palo
Mik Lamming, HPLos Altos, CA,
Design, Labs,
{nlivic,mjc6,shiaokai}@u.washington.eduAlto, CA,
Denis denis@fireflydesign.com Altos, CA, CA,
Bohm, Firefly mik@hp.com Palo Alto,
Mik Lamming, HPLos
Design, Labs,
Denis denis@fireflydesign.com Altos, CA, CA,
Bohm, Firefly mik@hp.com Palo Alto,
Mik Lamming, HPLos
Design, Labs,
Denis denis@fireflydesign.com Altos, CA,
Bohm, Firefly mik@hp.com
Design, Los
Abstract. A small batteryan automated Firefly Design, sensing platform that
Abstract. We present powered peer-to-peer proximity Los Altos, CA,
Denis denis@fireflydesign.com
Bohm, transportation routing system,
calledbe attachedsmall battery powered peer-to-peerbe Design, sensing to conduct
Abstract. A to people, placeswhose goal is proximity Los Altos, CA,
Denis denis@fireflydesign.com tool platform
Bohm, Firefly a valuable
can “Opportunity Knocks,”Denis Bohm,can to improve the efficiency, that
and things Firefly Design, Los Altos, CA,
denis@fireflydesign.com
safety Abstract. A small battery powered peer-to-peerbesenses the disabilities. that
research inindependence of individualsthings can proximity sensing to conduct
be human activity sensing. Such a platform a valuable tool platform
canand attached to people, places and with mild cognitive subjects' pres-
and activities
denis@fireflydesign.com car, to pres- that
ence can be is human activity sensing. contexts,ofcanBluetooth sensing platform
Abstract. Ain to wide on places andpeer-to-peerbesenses the subjects' conduct
small battery powered thingsfor example home, toolbea-
Ourresearch in implemented variety of Such a platformproximitysensor work,
system attached a people, a combination a a valuable
Abstract. A small battery powered peer-to-peerbesenses the tool platform that
research It eliminatesdata, sensing. Such a platformproximity sensing to
shopping.Abstract.in activity need ofand thingsfor example home,sensing conduct
attached people, places contexts, can
or thatcan bein human to wide varietypowered peer-to-peer a valuablesubjects' platform that
con ence and activitiesGPS tothebatteryfor deployment and maintenance car,pro-pres-
broadcasts Aasmall a GPRS-enabled cell-phone, valuable work, of
people, places contexts, and proximityremote
a and
or ence can bein human activity need goalSuch sensecan besenses of subjects' platform that
shopping.Abstract.in asmall system usesis to a platform maintenance tool to conduct
attached wide sensing. and thingsfor example home, of work,
hibitively expensiveeliminates thebatteryfor deployment the activitiesthe one tool to
research It in- pres-
activity inferencebeininfrastructure.varietypowered peer-to-peerbesenses thecar,pro- conduct
and activities of
Theplaces
researchsoftware. The
or ence can
and It human to people, than ofandto
attached activity sensing. a novel inference engine that
A things can proximity sensing
a valuablesubjects'
expensiveeliminates people, goalSuch a platform maintenance car, work,
hibitivelylarge activitiesworld, the need for deployment the activities startoftool pres-
dividualshopping.inbeininfrastructure.variety thecontexts, for about a in of well-in- to pres-
at researchtheir in a wide provide informationand group valuable pro-
example home,
does not require usersattached toratherTheplacesisand senseof can besenses the subjects' conduct
activitiesplatform the a one
to explicitly things a
or ence can
hibitivelylarge in It human activity variety theSuch senseof a activities a well- work,
expensivesetting. wide sensing. activities and maintenance
a
shopping. their in a Preliminary goal contexts, the group home,
dividualpoints ofactivitiesworld,activity thanresultsSuch aafor example in ofthecar,pro- pres-
at research eliminates ratherThe of is to
and
instrumented laboratoryininfrastructure. need for deploymentreal-world applica- ofin- work,
the one
journeys; instead this with platform senses
andtheir human a wide sensing. information a group home,learned subjects'
or ending or ence expensiveeliminates the variety ofdeployment theis maintenance car,pro-
dividualshopping.in It infrastructure. need for contexts,afor example in a one
at large activitiesworld,
their in
instrumented laboratory Futhermore, wethanresults to sensereal-world applica- ofcar, work,
activities and
tion arehibitivelybehavior. setting.inPreliminary goalof contexts, for activities of well-in- pro-
described. and activities aratherThe the is with ofroute errorshome, of
from users’ pastshopping.in It eliminates ratherThe for deploymentof example in of well-in-
or encelarge their world, the varietyresults tohow real-world applica-
wide need goal is sense the activities a one
demonstrate and group
maintenance
tion arehibitively expensiveItinfrastructure. than the activities
dividual at
instrumented laboratory setting. Preliminary
described. with a a
or at
instrumented expensivesetting. Preliminary for deploymentof a with in a one pro-
dividualshopping. the system the need results with a the group
can be detected andlaboratory eliminates ratherThecorrect to sensereal-world applica- ofin-
infrastructure. than the activities and maintenance
tion arehibitivelylarge in their world,helps to goal is the errors activities of well-
described.how
real-time transit information. In setting. Preliminary goalnovel sensereal-world applica- in-
tion arehibitivelylarge in their world, we presentresults to solution activities of well-
instrumented laboratory addition ratherThe the is with a of a to
dividual at expensive infrastructure. than a activities the group in a one
described.
the problem instrumentedpositions their world, rather thanresults with a real-world applica-
of dividual at laboratory setting. Preliminary the activities of a group in a well-
labeling large in with place names.
tion are described.
Introduction tion are described.
instrumented laboratory setting. Preliminary results with a real-world applica-
Introduction tion are described.
Introduction
1 How should researchers explore pervasive applications if they can’t afford to de-
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
ploy How should the experimental infrastructureapplications if theypaper describes a
pervasively researchers explore pervasive they need? This can’t afford to de-
For ploy How should the experimental infrastructureapplications if theypaper describes a
many individuals, mobility in the community means using public can’t afford to de-
Introduction transporta-
pervasively researchers explore pervasive they need? in human context and
platform we have built called SPEC, to support our applicationsThis
research
tion. It is key Introduction life,SPEC,infrastructure they need? inThis paper describes a
ploy Howto theirthe called their to pervasiveour research if human receive to de-
pervasively researchers explore support
should social they can’t afford
platform we have built experimental employment, and their ability to context and
activity sensing. should the
ploy How
pervasively researchersSPEC, pervasiveour through if human context to de-
explore applications they can’t afford
goodsplatform we have built experimental infrastructure they need? inThis paper describes to de-
activity sensing. should the experimentalto supportmoveresearch their commu-afford a a
and services. Unless calledcan explore pervasive applications if they can’t and
they successfully
ploy Howpervasively researchers
activity sensing. should the experimentalto support our applicationsThis paper describes to de-
platform How an independent life. infrastructure they need? however, can’t afford
nity they cannotwe have built called SPEC, Public transportation, in if theypaper describes a
lead explore pervasive research
ploy pervasively researchersSPEC,infrastructure research
human can
context and
activity sensing. who is called with below average they need? inThis
platform we have built to support our human context and
be dauntingplatform we have built experimental infrastructurecognitive abilities paper describes a
activity anyone Work called SPEC, to support our research inThis or context and
for pervasively the
ploy born they need? human
Lessons fromsensing. have begun called SPEC, to support our research is often context and
Earlierhave built to decline, however slightly. There in human
whose cognitive abilities
platform we
Lessons fromsensing. Work
activity Earlier
no choice but activity sensing. Work potential future independence and be
Lessonsfor them to give up their
from Earlier
under direct supervision of their Work researchers started investigating how appli-
Lessons from Earlier care givers or family members; a healthy in-
In the early 1990s Xerox EuroPARC
dividual InLessons to from Earlier Work researchers started investigating how appli-
In theneeded from knowledge of the user’s activities [1] using cognitively
early 1990s Xerox EuroPARC
cations could benefit detect situations where a mistake made by aActive Badges
is the early 1990s Xerox EuroPARC
Lessons from knowledge Work user’s activities [1] using Active Badges
[2]. PARC, the benefit from Earlieror of theresearchers started investigatingexplore appli-
cations could
disabled person early 1990s distressdeveloped a Thus,capable platform [3] Active Badges
In EuroPARC’s sisterknowledge of theresearchers inability using to use
how appli-
Lessons from lab, EuroPARC more the started investigating how
cations could may cause Xerox harm.
EuroPARC’s sister and Work user’s activities [1] capabilities
to safely
[2]. PARC, the benefit from Earlier demonstrate the capable platform [3] to explore
the systemsIn could in harms depthlab, developed a researchers started investigating of appli-
issues benefit from knowledgeof life more fundamental their formalhow
public transportation more their quality of the asmoreactivitiesplatform [3] to explore
[2]. PARC, the earlymore sister lab, developed a well capable [1] using Active Badges
cations EuroPARC’s Xerox EuroPARC user’s as that of
early 1990s
what Weiser [4] coinedbenefit [1–3]. However, technology. fundamentalinvestigatingexplore
the systemsIn could in“ubiquitous computing”
issues 1990s Xerox EuroPARC user’s At started capabilities of
depth and demonstrate the
and informal support networkfrom knowledge of theresearchers EuroPARCcapabilities Badges
[2]. PARC, the earlymore sister lab, developed a moreactivitiesplatformnumber how appli-
cations a [3] to
if impaired capable [1] had effec-
using Active
systemsIn EuroPARC’s depth and demonstrate theindividuals[1] using Active
the Weiser [4] could in“ubiquitous computing” technology. fundamentalinvestigating of
issues
cations 1990s sister lab,
Xerox EuroPARC user’s Pepys [5] an automatic
novel [2]. PARC, EuroPARC’s to knowledge of theresearchers EuroPARC a number how appli-
of whatthe systems coinedbenefit from helpandbuilt, including transportation,capabilities Badges
activity-sensing demonstrators weredeveloped a moreactivitiesplatform [3] to explore
compensatory cognitive“ubiquitous computing” technology. fundamental using
issues in aids depth them use
tiveof what Weiser [4] coinedbenefit from knowledge of publicthe Pepys [5] [1] automatic of
more demonstrate
At started
capable their
novel [2]. PARC, EuroPARC’s sister weredeveloped a moreactivitiesplatformnumber of
activity-sensing in more depthlab, built, the user’s At a EuroPARC a [3]
personal the Weiser [4] coined “ubiquitouspersonal memory aid; andAt reminding for Active Badges
biographer, could demonstrators computing”including capable an capabilities
cations
demonstrate the fundamental sys- to explore
independence systems Forget-me-not [6] sisterandwould technology.Pepys remindingasys- to explore
issues a have new
of whatbiographer, Forget-me-not [6] they developed a more capable platformnumber of
personal the Weiser [4] would improve, a personal memory aid;opportunitiesautomatic
novel and safetyissuesdemonstrators were demonstrate the fundamental capabilities
EuroPARC
tem [7]. what[2]. PARC, coined demonstrators andbuilt, including andAt EuroPARC [3]
activity-sensing in more depthlab,
systems EuroPARC’s “ubiquitous computing” technology. a
[5] an
socialization andactivity-sensingand stress depth andbuilt, including Pepys remindingasys-
tem [7]. what Weiser [4] coined “ubiquitoustheir considerableaid; andAtconducting a number of
personal the employment, in more on computing” technology.givers would
of novel systems Forget-me-not [6] a werefamilies and care a [5] an automatic number
Although these groundbreaking systems[6] personal built, including fundamental capabilities
biographer, issues
biographer, Forget-me-not showed
memory promise, EuroPARC
demonstrate the
be reduced. novel activity-sensing demonstratorspersonal memory aid; Pepysconducting sys-
of a were and a [5] an automatic
tem [7]. what Weiser [4] coined “ubiquitous computing” technology. At reminding
personal these groundbreaking systems showed considerable promise, EuroPARC number
trials Althoughnovel activity-sensing demonstratorspersonal andincluding Pepys remindingasys-
beyond the confines of the laboratory proved difficult memory aid; and a [5] an automatic
of biographer, Forget-me-not [6] a were built, expensive for conducting
personal these groundbreaking systems showed considerable promise,reasons
We developed a ubiquitous computing system,acalled built, including and a reminding
tem [7]. novel activity-sensing demonstrators were “Opportunity Knocks,” an automatic
trials Although biographer, Forget-me-not [6] at work were not availablefor reasons
tem of
we will beyond the confines of the could be tested showed considerableaid; Pepysconducting sys-
detail[7]. these groundbreaking systems personal and expensive in other
Although Services thatthe laboratory cognitive aid. memory promise, a reminding sys-
personal
later. laboratory proved difficult [5]
(OK )trials beyondthe feasibility of Forget-me-not [6] at work were not availablefor reasons
we to explore work.biographer, just such a proved personal was system targets
will detail[7]. confines of This
tem the Servicesmemory problems like, difficult and expensive of other
contexts outside later. these groundbreakingbe tested showed considerableaid; andfor reasons
personal Many that could a memory name in conducting
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the promise,
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tem the Many that laboratory proved difficult
contexts outside later. these groundbreakingbe tested showed considerable promise,other
detail[7]. in conducting
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we will beyondwork. Servicesmemory problems like, work were not availableof that
detail the Many that laboratory proved difficult and expensive in conducting
contexts outside later. these groundbreakingbe tested showed considerable promise,other
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systems
we will beyondwork. Many of the could be tested at work were not availableforthat
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contexts outside later. Servicesmemory problems like, work were not availableof that
we will detail work. Many that could be tested at “What was the name in other
contexts outside work. Many memory problems like, “What was the name of that
No
18 Pages

8.
Wark Meiser
Zurich Seattle Berkeley
Pittsburgh
Opportunity Knocks: a System to Provide
Opportunity Knocks: a System to Provide Cognitive Assistance with Transportation
Cognitive Assistance with Transportation
SPECs: Another Approach to Human Context and Services
SPECs: Another Approach to Human Context and
Services
Activity Sensing Research, Using Tiny Peer-to-Peerand
SPECs: Another Approach to Human Context
Activity Sensing Research, Using Tiny Peer-to-Peerand
SPECs: Another Approach to Human Context
SPECs: Wireless Computers. Human Context
Activity Sensing Research, Using Tiny Peer-to-Peerand
Another Approach to Donald J. Patterson, Lin Liao, Krzysztof Gajos, Michael Collier, Nik Livic,
SPECs: Wireless Computers. Human Context
Activity Sensing Research, Using Tiny Peer-to-Peerand
Another Approach to
Donald J. Patterson, Lin Liao, Krzysztof Computers.Collier, Nik Livic,
SPECs: Wireless Approach Tiny Peer-to-Peer
Activity Sensing Research, Michaelto Human Context and
Another Gajos, Using Katherine Olson, Shiaokai Wang, Dieter Fox, and Henry Kautz
Wireless Computers. Kautz
Activity Sensing Research, Using Tiny Peer-to-Peer
Katherine Olson, Shiaokai Wang, Dieter Fox, and Henry
Wireless Computers.
Activity Sensing Research, Using Tiny Peer-to-Peer
Mik Lamming, HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA,
University Of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA,
mik@hp.com Computers.
Wireless 98195, USA,
Mik Lamming, HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA,
University OfMik Lamming, HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA,
Washington, Seattle WA Computers.
Wireless
mik@hp.com
{djp3,liaolin,kgajos,kolson,fox,kautz}@cs.washington.edu
{djp3,liaolin,kgajos,kolson,fox,kautz}@cs.washington.edu
Mik Lamming, HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA,
mik@hp.com {nlivic,mjc6,shiaokai}@u.washington.edu
Denis Bohm, Firefly mik@hp.com Palo
Mik Lamming, HPLos Altos, CA,
Design, Labs,
{nlivic,mjc6,shiaokai}@u.washington.eduAlto, CA,
Denis denis@fireflydesign.com Altos, CA, CA,
Bohm, Firefly mik@hp.com Palo Alto,
Mik Lamming, HPLos
Design, Labs,
Denis denis@fireflydesign.com Altos, CA, CA,
Bohm, Firefly mik@hp.com Palo Alto,
Mik Lamming, HPLos
Design, Labs,
Denis denis@fireflydesign.com Altos, CA,
Bohm, Firefly mik@hp.com
Design, Los
Abstract. A small batteryan automated Firefly Design, sensing platform that Abstract. We present an automated transportation routing system,
Abstract. We present powered peer-to-peer proximity Los Altos, CA,
Denis denis@fireflydesign.com
Bohm, transportation routing system,
Bohm, Firefly a valuable
Abstract. A to people, placeswhose goal is proximity Los Altos, CA,
Denis denis@fireflydesign.com tool platform
calledbe attachedsmall battery powered peer-to-peerbe Design, sensing to conduct
can “Opportunity Knocks,”Denis Bohm,can to improve the efficiency, that
and things Firefly Design, Los Altos, CA,
called “Opportunity Knocks,” whose goal is to improve the efficiency,
denis@fireflydesign.com
safety Abstract. A small battery powered peer-to-peerbesenses the disabilities. that
research inindependence of individualsthings can proximity sensing to conduct
be human activity sensing. Such a platform a valuable tool platform
canand attached to people, places and with mild cognitive subjects' pres- safety and independence of individuals with mild cognitive disabilities.
and activities
denis@fireflydesign.com car, to pres- that
Ourresearch in implemented variety of Such a platformproximitysensor work,
Abstract. Ain to wide on places andpeer-to-peerbesenses the subjects' conduct
small battery powered thingsfor example home, toolbea-
ence can be is human activity sensing. contexts,ofcanBluetooth sensing platform
system attached a people, a combination a a valuable Our system is implemented on a combination of a Bluetooth sensor bea-
Abstract. A small battery powered peer-to-peerbesenses the tool platform that
research It eliminatesdata, sensing. Such a platformproximity sensing to
shopping.Abstract.in activity need ofand thingsfor example home,sensing conduct
attached people, places contexts, can
or thatcan bein human to wide varietypowered peer-to-peer a valuablesubjects' platform that
con ence and activitiesGPS tothebatteryfor deployment and maintenance car,pro-pres-
broadcasts Aasmall a GPRS-enabled cell-phone, valuable work, of con that broadcasts GPS data, a GPRS-enabled cell-phone, and remote
people, places contexts, and proximityremote
a and
or ence can bein human activity need goalSuch sensecan besenses of subjects' platform that
shopping.Abstract.in asmall system usesis to a platform maintenance tool to conduct
attached wide sensing. and thingsfor example home, of work,
hibitively expensiveeliminates thebatteryfor deployment the activitiesthe one tool to
research It
and activities
activity inferencebeininfrastructure.varietypowered peer-to-peerbesenses thecar,pro- conduct
of
Theplaces in- pres- activity inference software. The system uses a novel inference engine that
researchsoftware. The
or ence can
and It human to people, than ofandto
attached activity sensing. a novel inference engine that
A things can proximity sensing
a valuablesubjects'
expensiveeliminates people, goalSuch a platform maintenance car, work,
hibitivelylarge activitiesworld, the need for deployment the activities startoftool pres-
at researchtheir in a wide provide informationand group valuable pro-
dividualshopping.inbeininfrastructure.variety thecontexts, for about a in of well-in- to pres-
does not require usersattached toratherTheplacesisand senseof can besenses the subjects' conduct
to explicitly activitiesplatform the a one
things a
example home,
does not require users to explicitly provide information about the start
or ence can
hibitivelylarge in It human activity variety theSuch senseof a activities a well- work,
expensivesetting. wide sensing. activities and maintenance
a
shopping. their in a Preliminary goal contexts, the group home,
dividualpoints ofactivitiesworld,activity thanresultsSuch aafor example in ofthecar,pro- pres-
at research eliminates ratherThe of is to
and
instrumented laboratoryininfrastructure. need for deploymentreal-world applica- ofin- work,
the one
journeys; instead this with platform senses
andtheir human a wide sensing. information a group home,learned subjects'
or ending or ence expensiveeliminates the variety ofdeployment theis maintenance car,pro- or ending points of their journeys; instead this information is learned
dividualshopping.in It infrastructure. need for contexts,afor example in a one
at large activitiesworld,
their in
instrumented laboratory Futhermore, wethanresults to sensereal-world applica- ofcar, work,
activities and
tion arehibitivelybehavior. setting.inPreliminary goalof contexts, for activities of well-in- pro-
described. and activities aratherThe the is with ofroute errorshome, of
or encelarge their world, the varietyresults tohow real-world applica-
wide need goal is sense the activities a one
from users’ pastshopping.in It eliminates ratherThe for deploymentof example in of well-in-
demonstrate and group
maintenance from users’ past behavior. Futhermore, we demonstrate how route errors
tion arehibitively expensiveItinfrastructure. than the activities
dividual at
instrumented laboratory setting. Preliminary
described. with a a
can be detected andlaboratory eliminates ratherThecorrect to sensereal-world applica- ofin-
instrumented expensivesetting. Preliminary for deploymentof a with in a one pro-
dividualshopping. the system the need results with a the group
or at infrastructure. than the activities and maintenance
tion arehibitivelylarge in their world,helps to goal is the errors activities of well-
described.how can be detected and how the system helps to correct the errors with
real-time transit information. In setting. Preliminary goalnovel sensereal-world applica- in-
tion arehibitivelylarge in their world, we presentresults to solution activities of well-
instrumented laboratory addition ratherThe the is with a of a to
dividual at expensive infrastructure. than a activities the group in a one
described. real-time transit information. In addition we present a novel solution to
the problem instrumentedpositions their world, rather thanresults with a real-world applica-
of dividual at laboratory setting. Preliminary the activities of a group in a well-
labeling large in with place names.
tion are described. the problem of labeling positions with place names.
Introduction tion are described.
instrumented laboratory setting. Preliminary results with a real-world applica-
Introduction tion are described.
Introduction
1 How should researchers explore pervasive applications if they can’t afford to de-
Introduction
Introduction 1 Introduction
Introduction
ploy How should the experimental infrastructureapplications if theypaper describes a
pervasively researchers explore pervasive they need? This can’t afford to de-
For ploy How should the experimental infrastructureapplications if theypaper describes a
many individuals, mobility in the community means using public can’t afford to de-
Introduction transporta-
pervasively researchers explore pervasive they need? in human context and
platform we have built called SPEC, to support our applicationsThis
research For many individuals, mobility in the community means using public transporta-
tion. It is key Introduction life,SPEC,infrastructure they need? inThis paper describes a
ploy Howto theirthe called their to pervasiveour research if human receive to de-
pervasively researchers explore support
should social they can’t afford
platform we have built experimental employment, and their ability to context and
activity sensing. should the
ploy How
pervasively researchersSPEC, pervasiveour through if human context to de-
explore
activity sensing. should the experimentalto supportmoveresearch their commu-afford a a
goodsplatform we have built experimental infrastructure they need? inThis paper describes to de-
they successfully
and services. Unless calledcan explore pervasive applications if they can’t and
applications they can’t afford tion. It is key to their social life, their employment, and their ability to receive
ploy Howpervasively researchers
activity sensing. should the experimentalto support our applicationsThis paper describes to de-
platform How an independent life. infrastructure they need? however, can’t afford goods and services. Unless they can successfully move through their commu-
nity they cannotwe have built called SPEC, Public transportation, in if theypaper describes a
lead explore pervasive research
ploy pervasively researchersSPEC,infrastructure research
human can
context and
activity sensing. who is called with below average they need? inThis
platform we have built to support our human context and
be dauntingplatform we have built experimental infrastructurecognitive abilities paper describes a nity they cannot lead an independent life. Public transportation, however, can
activity anyone Work called SPEC, to support our research inThis or context and
for pervasively the
ploy born they need? human
Lessons fromsensing. have begun called SPEC, to support our research is often context and
Earlierhave built to decline, however slightly. There in human
whose cognitive abilities
platform we be daunting for anyone who is born with below average cognitive abilities or
Lessons fromsensing. Work
activity Earlier
no choice but activity sensing. Work potential future independence and be
Lessonsfor them to give up their
from Earlier whose cognitive abilities have begun to decline, however slightly. There is often
under direct supervision of their Work researchers started investigating how appli-
Lessons from Earlier care givers or family members; a healthy in-
In the early 1990s Xerox EuroPARC no choice but for them to give up their potential future independence and be
dividual InLessons to from Earlier Work researchers started investigating how appli-
In theneeded from knowledge of the user’s activities [1] using cognitively
early 1990s Xerox EuroPARC
cations could benefit detect situations where a mistake made by aActive Badges
is the early 1990s Xerox EuroPARC under direct supervision of their care givers or family members; a healthy in-
Lessons from knowledge Work user’s activities [1] using Active Badges
[2]. PARC, the benefit from Earlieror of theresearchers started investigatingexplore appli-
cations could
disabled person early 1990s distressdeveloped a Thus,capable platform [3] Active Badges
In EuroPARC’s sisterknowledge of theresearchers inability using to use
how appli-
Lessons from lab, EuroPARC more the started investigating how
[2]. PARC, the benefit from Earlier demonstrate the capable platform [3] to explore
cations could may cause Xerox harm.
EuroPARC’s sister and Work user’s activities [1] capabilities
to safely dividual is needed to detect situations where a mistake made by a cognitively
the systemsIn could in harms depthlab, developed a researchers started investigating of appli-
issues benefit from knowledgeof life more fundamental their formalhow
public transportation more their quality of the asmoreactivitiesplatform [3] to explore
[2]. PARC, the earlymore sister lab, developed a well capable [1] using Active Badges
cations EuroPARC’s Xerox EuroPARC user’s as that of
early 1990s
disabled person may cause distress or harm. Thus, the inability to safely use
what Weiser [4] coinedbenefit [1–3]. However, technology. fundamentalinvestigatingexplore
the systemsIn could in“ubiquitous computing”
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18 Pages 1 page

9.
Wark Meiser
Zurich Seattle Berkeley
Pittsburgh
Opportunity Knocks: a System to Provide
Cognitive Assistance with Transportation
SPECs: Another Approach to Human Context and
SPECs: Another Approach to Human Context and
Services
Activity Sensing Research, Using Tiny Peer-to-Peerand
SPECs: Another Approach to Human Context
Activity Sensing Research, Using Tiny Peer-to-Peerand
SPECs: Another Approach to Human Context
SPECs: Wireless Computers. Human Context
Activity Sensing Research, Using Tiny Peer-to-Peerand
Another Approach to
SPECs: Wireless Computers. Human Context
Activity Sensing Research, Using Tiny Peer-to-Peerand
Another Approach to
Donald J. Patterson, Lin Liao, Krzysztof Computers.Collier, Nik Livic,
SPECs: Wireless Approach Tiny Peer-to-Peer
Activity Sensing Research, Michaelto Human Context and
Another Gajos, Using
Wireless Computers. Kautz
Activity Sensing Research, Using Tiny Peer-to-Peer
Katherine Olson, Shiaokai Wang, Dieter Fox, and Henry
Wireless Computers.
Activity Sensing Research, Using Tiny Peer-to-Peer
Mik Lamming, HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA,
Wireless 98195, USA,
mik@hp.com Computers.
Mik Lamming, HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA,
Washington, Seattle WA Computers.
University OfMik Lamming, HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA,
Wireless
mik@hp.com
{djp3,liaolin,kgajos,kolson,fox,kautz}@cs.washington.edu
Sust
Mik Lamming, HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA,
mik@hp.com
Design, Labs,
Mik Lamming, HPLos Altos, CA,
Denis Bohm, Firefly mik@hp.com Palo
{nlivic,mjc6,shiaokai}@u.washington.eduAlto, CA,
Bohm, Firefly mik@hp.com Palo Alto,
Mik Lamming, HPLos
Design, Labs,
Denis denis@fireflydesign.com Altos, CA, CA,
Bohm, Firefly mik@hp.com Palo Alto,
Denis denis@fireflydesign.com Altos, CA, CA,
Mik Lamming, HPLos
Design, Labs,
Design, Los
Bohm, Firefly mik@hp.com
Denis denis@fireflydesign.com Altos, CA,
Denis denis@fireflydesign.com
aina
Abstract. We present powered peer-to-peer proximity Los Altos, CA,
ble!
Bohm, transportation routing system,
Abstract. A small batteryan automated Firefly Design, sensing platform that
Denis denis@fireflydesign.com tool platform
calledbe attachedsmall battery powered peer-to-peerbe Design, sensing to conduct
Abstract. A to people, placeswhose goal is proximity Los Altos, CA,
Bohm, Firefly a valuable
can “Opportunity Knocks,”Denis Bohm,can to improve the efficiency, that
and things Firefly Design, Los Altos, CA,
denis@fireflydesign.com
research inindependence of individualsthings can proximity sensing to conduct
safety Abstract. A small battery powered peer-to-peerbesenses the disabilities. that
be human activity sensing. Such a platform a valuable tool platform
canand attached to people, places and with mild cognitive subjects' pres-
denis@fireflydesign.com car, to pres- that
Abstract. Ain to wide on places andpeer-to-peerbesenses the subjects' conduct
small battery powered thingsfor example home, toolbea-
Ourresearch in implemented variety of Such a platformproximitysensor work,
ence can be is human activity sensing. contexts,ofcanBluetooth sensing platform
system attached a people, a combination a
and activities a valuable
Opportunity Knocks: a System to Provide
Cognitive Assistance with Transportation
Services
Donald J. Patterson, Lin Liao, Krzysztof Gajos, Michael Collier, Nik Livic,
Katherine Olson, Shiaokai Wang, Dieter Fox, and Henry Kautz
University Of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA,
{djp3,liaolin,kgajos,kolson,fox,kautz}@cs.washington.edu
{nlivic,mjc6,shiaokai}@u.washington.edu
Abstract. We present an automated transportation routing system,
called “Opportunity Knocks,” whose goal is to improve the efficiency,
safety and independence of individuals with mild cognitive disabilities.
Our system is implemented on a combination of a Bluetooth sensor bea-
Abstract. A small battery powered peer-to-peerbesenses the tool platform that
research It eliminatesdata, sensing. Such a platformproximity sensing to
shopping.Abstract.in activity need ofand thingsfor example home,sensing conduct
attached people, places contexts, can
or thatcan bein human to wide varietypowered peer-to-peer a valuablesubjects' platform that
con ence and activitiesGPS tothebatteryfor deployment and maintenance car,pro-pres-
broadcasts Aasmall a GPRS-enabled cell-phone, valuable work, of con that broadcasts GPS data, a GPRS-enabled cell-phone, and remote
people, places contexts, and proximityremote
a and
or ence can bein human activity need goalSuch sensecan besenses of subjects' platform that
shopping.Abstract.in asmall system usesis to a platform maintenance tool to conduct
attached wide sensing. and thingsfor example home, of work,
hibitively expensiveeliminates thebatteryfor deployment the activitiesthe one tool to
research It
and activities
activity inferencebeininfrastructure.varietypowered peer-to-peerbesenses thecar,pro- conduct
of
Theplaces in- pres- activity inference software. The system uses a novel inference engine that
researchsoftware. The
or ence can
and It human to people, than ofandto
attached activity sensing. a novel inference engine that
A things can proximity sensing
a valuablesubjects'
expensiveeliminates people, goalSuch a platform maintenance car, work,
hibitivelylarge activitiesworld, the need for deployment the activities startoftool pres-
at researchtheir in a wide provide informationand group valuable pro-
dividualshopping.inbeininfrastructure.variety thecontexts, for about a in of well-in- to pres-
does not require usersattached toratherTheplacesisand senseof can besenses the subjects' conduct
to explicitly activitiesplatform the a one
things a
example home,
does not require users to explicitly provide information about the start
or ence can
hibitivelylarge in It human activity variety theSuch senseof a activities a well- work,
expensivesetting. wide sensing. activities and maintenance
a
shopping. their in a Preliminary goal contexts, the group home,
dividualpoints ofactivitiesworld,activity thanresultsSuch aafor example in ofthecar,pro- pres-
at research eliminates ratherThe of is to
and
instrumented laboratoryininfrastructure. need for deploymentreal-world applica- ofin- work,
the one
journeys; instead this with platform senses
andtheir human a wide sensing. information a group home,learned subjects'
or ending or ence expensiveeliminates the variety ofdeployment theis maintenance car,pro- or ending points of their journeys; instead this information is learned
dividualshopping.in It infrastructure. need for contexts,afor example in a one
at large activitiesworld,
their in
instrumented laboratory Futhermore, wethanresults to sensereal-world applica- ofcar, work,
activities and
tion arehibitivelybehavior. setting.inPreliminary goalof contexts, for activities of well-in- pro-
described. and activities aratherThe the is with ofroute errorshome, of
or encelarge their world, the varietyresults tohow real-world applica-
wide need goal is sense the activities a one
from users’ pastshopping.in It eliminates ratherThe for deploymentof example in of well-in-
demonstrate and group
maintenance from users’ past behavior. Futhermore, we demonstrate how route errors
tion arehibitively expensiveItinfrastructure. than the activities
dividual at
instrumented laboratory setting. Preliminary
described. with a a
can be detected andlaboratory eliminates ratherThecorrect to sensereal-world applica- ofin-
instrumented expensivesetting. Preliminary for deploymentof a with in a one pro-
dividualshopping. the system the need results with a the group
or at infrastructure. than the activities and maintenance
tion arehibitivelylarge in their world,helps to goal is the errors activities of well-
described.how can be detected and how the system helps to correct the errors with
real-time transit information. In setting. Preliminary goalnovel sensereal-world applica- in-
tion arehibitivelylarge in their world, we presentresults to solution activities of well-
instrumented laboratory addition ratherThe the is with a of a to
dividual at expensive infrastructure. than a activities the group in a one
described. real-time transit information. In addition we present a novel solution to
the problem instrumentedpositions their world, rather thanresults with a real-world applica-
of dividual at laboratory setting. Preliminary the activities of a group in a well-
labeling large in with place names.
tion are described. the problem of labeling positions with place names.
Introduction tion are described.
instrumented laboratory setting. Preliminary results with a real-world applica-
Introduction tion are described.
Introduction
1 How should researchers explore pervasive applications if they can’t afford to de-
Introduction
Introduction 1 Introduction
Introduction
ploy How should the experimental infrastructureapplications if theypaper describes a
pervasively researchers explore pervasive they need? This can’t afford to de-
For ploy How should the experimental infrastructureapplications if theypaper describes a
many individuals, mobility in the community means using public can’t afford to de-
Introduction transporta-
pervasively researchers explore pervasive they need? in human context and
platform we have built called SPEC, to support our applicationsThis
research For many individuals, mobility in the community means using public transporta-
tion. It is key Introduction life,SPEC,infrastructure they need? inThis paper describes a
ploy Howto theirthe called their to pervasiveour research if human receive to de-
pervasively researchers explore support
should social they can’t afford
platform we have built experimental employment, and their ability to context and
activity sensing. should the
ploy How
pervasively researchersSPEC, pervasiveour through if human context to de-
explore
activity sensing. should the experimentalto supportmoveresearch their commu-afford a a
goodsplatform we have built experimental infrastructure they need? inThis paper describes to de-
they successfully
and services. Unless calledcan explore pervasive applications if they can’t and
applications they can’t afford tion. It is key to their social life, their employment, and their ability to receive
ploy Howpervasively researchers
activity sensing. should the experimentalto support our applicationsThis paper describes to de-
platform How an independent life. infrastructure they need? however, can’t afford goods and services. Unless they can successfully move through their commu-
nity they cannotwe have built called SPEC, Public transportation, in if theypaper describes a
lead explore pervasive research
ploy pervasively researchersSPEC,infrastructure research
human can
context and
activity sensing. who is called with below average they need? inThis
platform we have built to support our human context and
be dauntingplatform we have built experimental infrastructurecognitive abilities paper describes a nity they cannot lead an independent life. Public transportation, however, can
activity anyone Work called SPEC, to support our research inThis or context and
for pervasively the
ploy born they need? human
Lessons fromsensing. have begun called SPEC, to support our research is often context and
Earlierhave built to decline, however slightly. There in human
whose cognitive abilities
platform we be daunting for anyone who is born with below average cognitive abilities or
Lessons fromsensing. Work
activity Earlier
no choice but activity sensing. Work potential future independence and be
Lessonsfor them to give up their
from Earlier whose cognitive abilities have begun to decline, however slightly. There is often
under direct supervision of their Work researchers started investigating how appli-
Lessons from Earlier care givers or family members; a healthy in-
In the early 1990s Xerox EuroPARC no choice but for them to give up their potential future independence and be
dividual InLessons to from Earlier Work researchers started investigating how appli-
In theneeded from knowledge of the user’s activities [1] using cognitively
early 1990s Xerox EuroPARC
cations could benefit detect situations where a mistake made by aActive Badges
is the early 1990s Xerox EuroPARC under direct supervision of their care givers or family members; a healthy in-
Lessons from knowledge Work user’s activities [1] using Active Badges
[2]. PARC, the benefit from Earlieror of theresearchers started investigatingexplore appli-
cations could
disabled person early 1990s distressdeveloped a Thus,capable platform [3] Active Badges
In EuroPARC’s sisterknowledge of theresearchers inability using to use
how appli-
Lessons from lab, EuroPARC more the started investigating how
[2]. PARC, the benefit from Earlier demonstrate the capable platform [3] to explore
cations could may cause Xerox harm.
EuroPARC’s sister and Work user’s activities [1] capabilities
to safely dividual is needed to detect situations where a mistake made by a cognitively
the systemsIn could in harms depthlab, developed a researchers started investigating of appli-
issues benefit from knowledgeof life more fundamental their formalhow
public transportation more their quality of the asmoreactivitiesplatform [3] to explore
[2]. PARC, the earlymore sister lab, developed a well capable [1] using Active Badges
cations EuroPARC’s Xerox EuroPARC user’s as that of
early 1990s
disabled person may cause distress or harm. Thus, the inability to safely use
what Weiser [4] coinedbenefit [1–3]. However, technology. fundamentalinvestigatingexplore
the systemsIn could in“ubiquitous computing”
issues 1990s Xerox EuroPARC user’s At started capabilities of
depth and demonstrate the
and informal support networkfrom knowledge of theresearchers EuroPARCcapabilities Badges
[2]. PARC, the earlymore sister lab, developed a moreactivitiesplatformnumber how appli-
cations a [3] to
if impaired capable [1] had effec-
using Active
systemsIn EuroPARC’s depth and demonstrate theindividuals[1] using Active
the Weiser [4] could in“ubiquitous computing” technology. fundamentalinvestigating of
issues public transportation harms their quality of life as well as that of their formal
cations 1990s sister lab,
Xerox EuroPARC user’s Pepys [5] an automatic
novel [2]. PARC, EuroPARC’s to knowledge of theresearchers EuroPARC a number how appli-
of whatthe systems coinedbenefit from helpandbuilt, including transportation,capabilities Badges
activity-sensing demonstrators weredeveloped a moreactivitiesplatform [3] to explore
compensatory cognitive“ubiquitous computing” technology. fundamental using
issues in aids depth them use
tiveof what Weiser [4] coinedbenefit from knowledge of publicthe Pepys [5] [1] automatic of
more demonstrate
At started
capable their
novel [2]. PARC, EuroPARC’s sister weredeveloped a moreactivitiesplatformnumber of
activity-sensing in more depthlab, built, the user’s At a EuroPARC a [3]
personal the Weiser [4] coined “ubiquitouspersonal memory aid; andAt reminding for Active Badges
biographer, could demonstrators computing”including capable an capabilities
cations
demonstrate the fundamental sys- to explore and informal support network [1–3]. However, if impaired individuals had effec-
independence systems Forget-me-not [6] sisterandwould technology.Pepys remindingasys- to explore
issues a have new
of whatbiographer, Forget-me-not [6] they developed a more capable platformnumber of
personal the Weiser [4] would improve, a personal memory aid;opportunitiesautomatic
novel and safetyissuesdemonstrators were demonstrate the fundamental capabilities
EuroPARC
tem [7]. what[2]. PARC, coined demonstrators andbuilt, including andAt EuroPARC [3]
activity-sensing in more depthlab,
systems EuroPARC’s “ubiquitous computing” technology. a
[5] an tive compensatory cognitive aids to help them use public transportation, their
socialization andactivity-sensingand stress depth andbuilt, including Pepys remindingasys-
tem [7]. what Weiser [4] coined “ubiquitoustheir considerableaid; andAtconducting a number of
personal the employment, in more on computing” technology.givers would
of novel systems Forget-me-not [6] a werefamilies and care a [5] an automatic number
Although these groundbreaking systems[6] personal built, including fundamental capabilities
biographer, issues
biographer, Forget-me-not showed
memory promise, EuroPARC
demonstrate the independence and safety would improve, they would have new opportunities for
be reduced. novel activity-sensing demonstratorspersonal memory aid; Pepysconducting sys-
of a were and a [5] an automatic
tem [7]. what Weiser [4] coined “ubiquitous computing” technology. At reminding
personal these groundbreaking systems showed considerable promise, EuroPARC number
Ye
trials Althoughnovel activity-sensing demonstratorspersonal andincluding Pepys remindingasys-
beyond the confines of the laboratory proved difficult memory aid; and a [5] an automatic
of biographer, Forget-me-not [6] a were built, expensive for conducting
personal these groundbreaking systems showed considerable promise,reasons socialization and employment, and stress on their families and care givers would
We developed a ubiquitous computing system,acalled built, including and a reminding
tem [7]. novel activity-sensing demonstrators were “Opportunity Knocks,” an automatic
trials Although biographer, Forget-me-not [6] at work were not availablefor reasons
we will beyond the confines of the could be tested showed considerableaid; Pepysconducting sys-
tem of
personal
later. laboratory proved difficult
detail[7]. these groundbreaking systems personal and expensive in other [5]
Although Services thatthe laboratory cognitive aid. memory promise, a reminding sys- be reduced.
(OK )trials beyondthe feasibility of Forget-me-not [6] at work were not availablefor reasons
we to explore work.biographer, just such a proved personal was system targets
will detail[7]. confines of This
tem the Servicesmemory problems like, difficult and expensive of other
personal Many that could a memory name in conducting
contexts outside later. these groundbreakingbe tested showed considerableaid; andfor reasons
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we will beyondwork. Servicesmemory problems like, work were not availableof that
tem the Many that laboratory proved difficult
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detail[7]. in conducting
trials Although confines of the couldsystems at“What was the name for reasons
we will beyondwork. Servicesmemory problems like, work were not availableof that
detail the Many that laboratory proved difficult and expensive in conducting (OK ) to explore the feasibility of just such a cognitive aid. This system targets
contexts outside later. these groundbreakingbe tested showed considerable promise,other
trials Although confines that laboratory proved“What was the name
systems
we will beyondwork. Many of the could be tested at work were not availableforthat
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18 Pages 1 page