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Potential for integrated farming systems for
   improving productivity in saline and
              waterlogged soils




   CENTRAL SOIL SALINITY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
         Regional Research Station, Lucknow
ISSUE-2
    To develop the reclamation technology in waterlogged sodic soils.

STRATEGIES
    Identify constraints, development of viable technology.

PROGRAMMES
    Agri-aquaculture based farming system research through appropriate
    land modification in water logged sodic soil in the adjoining of main
    canal by harnessing the seepage water.

    Feasibility of summer crops for exploiting the shallow ground water
    in the adjoining area of the main canals.

    Evaluation of multi lateral interceptor drains to control seepage to
    minimize waterlogging and salt build up.

    Sub- surface drainage (horizontal and vertical) for reclamation of
    waterlogged sodic soil.
Water Balance
Water Balance Component of the Pond was computed with the help of following equation

       VSm = ∑ VRm − ∑ VEm − ∆S m            (1)

 VSm = monthly volume of upward/downward seepage from the pond, L3
 VRm = monthly volume of rainfall water, L3
 VEm = monthly volume of water evaporated from pond, L3
  Sm = monthly change in pond water storage, L3

 Following equation was used for computing the Monthly Water Balance


     VTm = VIm + VRm + VMs−upward             (2)

  VTm = total monthly volume of pond water
  VIm = initial pond storage
  VRm = monthly volume of rainfall water
  VMs = upward/downward seepage
Required average water depth and actual water depth in pond

                  200
                                                        pond          avg. depth required
                  180

                  160

                  140
water depth, cm




                  120

                  100

                  80

                  60

                  40

                  20

                   0
                        Spt.07 Oct. 07 Nov. 07 Dec. 07 Jan. 08 Feb. 08 Mar. 08 Aprl. 08 May. 08 June. July. 08 Aug. 08
                                                                                                 08

                                                                  month
Pond water balance

                       8000
volume of water, cu.




                       7000
                       6000
                       5000
        m




                       4000
                       3000
                       2000
                       1000
                         0
                               15 Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Aprl. May. June. July. Aug.
                              Sept. 07 07 07 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08
                               07

                                                        month
Water movement through pond


                2500


                2000


                1500


                1000
volume, cu. m




                 500


                   0


                 -500


                -1000


                -1500
                        Sept.07   Oct. 07   Nov. 07 Dec. 07   Jan. 08 Feb. 08   Mar. 08 Aprl. 08 May. 08 June. 08 July. 08 Aug. 08
                                                                           month
3.0             EC-2007                EC-2008
                Canal EC-2007          Canal EC-2008
2.5


2.0


1.5


1.0


0.5


0.0


                                      em t
                                              y




                                            er
               il

                    ay
         y




                           e




                                              r
        ry

       ch




                                             r
                                             s

                                             r
                                   l




                                   De be

                                           be
                r
      ar




                            n




                                          be
                                          gu
                                Ju




                                          ob
             Ap
     ua




                    M

                         Ju
     ar
    nu




                                        m

                                        m
                                      Au




                                       ct
  br

   M




                                     ve

                                     ce
 Ja




                                     O
Fe




                                    pt



                                   No
                                  Se




      Fig. Yearwise change in EC of pond water
700             Tot.alk.08 ppm          Tot.Alk.07 ppm

600

500

400

300

200

100

 0



 Se 8
M 8




 No 8
 Au 8
       08




       08




 De 8
       08
         8
Fe 8



         8
 M 8




       0
    r. 0




       0
      .0
      .0



     l.0
       0



      .0
       0




    g.




    v.
    n.




    p.




    c.
    n.




   ct
   ay
   ar
   b.




  Ju
 Ap



 Ju
 Ja




 O

Fig. Yearwise change in Carbonate and bicarbonate alkalinity of
pond water
Performance of different crops on embankments of pond
Important parameters of water in pond
Particulars                 Period (2008)

                    Jan 10 May 07 Aug 29

Dissolved Oxygen      7.4       6.9         6.8

Air Temperature      22.0       35.6    39.2

Water Temperature    21.2       33.0    38.0
Growth of fish
Name of                     Duration/Parameters
Fish

           Jan 10, 2008        May 07, 2008        Aug 29, 2008
          Weight   Length    Weight   Length      Weight   Length
           (gm)     (cm)      (gm)     (cm)        (gm)     (cm)
Silver     75.0     14.0       255      27.0       375      42.0
carp
Katla      45.0     5.5        62.4     17.5      400.0     30.0

Rohu      115.0     10.0       230      23.5      287.5     33.5

Mrigal     20.0     6.5        55.0     17.5      337.5     35.5

Common     13.5     11.5      195.5     23.5      375.0     45.0
Carp
Cost benefit ratio of different cropping systems

 Crops    Area    Yield   q/ha    Gross    Cost of     Net     B:C
          (m2)    (kg)           income   cultivation return   ratio

Rice      1183    594.2   50.2   32134      16700     15434    1.92

Wheat     1583    517.6   36.4   33160      14300     18860    2.31

Sorghum   500     830.5 166.0    13280      6500      6780     2.04

Onion     216     110.3   50.9   40736      21200     19536    1.92

Garlic    72.91   40.2    34.6   69200      22600     46600    3.06

Brinjal   44.75   34.5    75.9   37985      17400     20585    2.18

Mustard   700     60.7    8.8    15750      9600      6150     1.64
Cost benefit ratio of different cropping systems

    Crop rotation               Net return   B:C ratio

Rice-Wheat                         34294       2.10

Rice-Mustard                       21584       1.82

Sorghum-Wheat                      25640       2.23

Maize-Onion                       19536*       1.92

Chilli-Garlic                      46600       3.06
Fish                              127775       3.58
*Maize crop was damaged by blue bulls
Total energy (MJ ha-1) input and output of different
   cropping systems

  Cropping      Human    Diesel    N, P   Seeds   Irrigation   Total   Energy   Ratio
   system       labour            and K                        input   output



Rice-wheat       182     5330     19868   2352     12387       40140   209363   5.21




Rice-            171     6751     19696    838      8784       36190   169786   4.96
Mustard


Sorghum-         133     5228     12334   1941      5358       24994   101525   4.06
wheat


Chilli-garlic    530     4089     19767   11522     5416       41324   53722    1.30
Thank you very much for your attention

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Potential for integrated farming systems for improving productivity in saline and waterlogged soils

  • 1. Potential for integrated farming systems for improving productivity in saline and waterlogged soils CENTRAL SOIL SALINITY RESEARCH INSTITUTE Regional Research Station, Lucknow
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. ISSUE-2 To develop the reclamation technology in waterlogged sodic soils. STRATEGIES Identify constraints, development of viable technology. PROGRAMMES Agri-aquaculture based farming system research through appropriate land modification in water logged sodic soil in the adjoining of main canal by harnessing the seepage water. Feasibility of summer crops for exploiting the shallow ground water in the adjoining area of the main canals. Evaluation of multi lateral interceptor drains to control seepage to minimize waterlogging and salt build up. Sub- surface drainage (horizontal and vertical) for reclamation of waterlogged sodic soil.
  • 6.
  • 7. Water Balance Water Balance Component of the Pond was computed with the help of following equation VSm = ∑ VRm − ∑ VEm − ∆S m (1) VSm = monthly volume of upward/downward seepage from the pond, L3 VRm = monthly volume of rainfall water, L3 VEm = monthly volume of water evaporated from pond, L3 Sm = monthly change in pond water storage, L3 Following equation was used for computing the Monthly Water Balance VTm = VIm + VRm + VMs−upward (2) VTm = total monthly volume of pond water VIm = initial pond storage VRm = monthly volume of rainfall water VMs = upward/downward seepage
  • 8. Required average water depth and actual water depth in pond 200 pond avg. depth required 180 160 140 water depth, cm 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Spt.07 Oct. 07 Nov. 07 Dec. 07 Jan. 08 Feb. 08 Mar. 08 Aprl. 08 May. 08 June. July. 08 Aug. 08 08 month
  • 9. Pond water balance 8000 volume of water, cu. 7000 6000 5000 m 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 15 Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Aprl. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 07 07 07 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 07 month
  • 10. Water movement through pond 2500 2000 1500 1000 volume, cu. m 500 0 -500 -1000 -1500 Sept.07 Oct. 07 Nov. 07 Dec. 07 Jan. 08 Feb. 08 Mar. 08 Aprl. 08 May. 08 June. 08 July. 08 Aug. 08 month
  • 11. 3.0 EC-2007 EC-2008 Canal EC-2007 Canal EC-2008 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 em t y er il ay y e r ry ch r s r l De be be r ar n be gu Ju ob Ap ua M Ju ar nu m m Au ct br M ve ce Ja O Fe pt No Se Fig. Yearwise change in EC of pond water
  • 12. 700 Tot.alk.08 ppm Tot.Alk.07 ppm 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Se 8 M 8 No 8 Au 8 08 08 De 8 08 8 Fe 8 8 M 8 0 r. 0 0 .0 .0 l.0 0 .0 0 g. v. n. p. c. n. ct ay ar b. Ju Ap Ju Ja O Fig. Yearwise change in Carbonate and bicarbonate alkalinity of pond water
  • 13.
  • 14. Performance of different crops on embankments of pond
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. Important parameters of water in pond Particulars Period (2008) Jan 10 May 07 Aug 29 Dissolved Oxygen 7.4 6.9 6.8 Air Temperature 22.0 35.6 39.2 Water Temperature 21.2 33.0 38.0
  • 18. Growth of fish Name of Duration/Parameters Fish Jan 10, 2008 May 07, 2008 Aug 29, 2008 Weight Length Weight Length Weight Length (gm) (cm) (gm) (cm) (gm) (cm) Silver 75.0 14.0 255 27.0 375 42.0 carp Katla 45.0 5.5 62.4 17.5 400.0 30.0 Rohu 115.0 10.0 230 23.5 287.5 33.5 Mrigal 20.0 6.5 55.0 17.5 337.5 35.5 Common 13.5 11.5 195.5 23.5 375.0 45.0 Carp
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. Cost benefit ratio of different cropping systems Crops Area Yield q/ha Gross Cost of Net B:C (m2) (kg) income cultivation return ratio Rice 1183 594.2 50.2 32134 16700 15434 1.92 Wheat 1583 517.6 36.4 33160 14300 18860 2.31 Sorghum 500 830.5 166.0 13280 6500 6780 2.04 Onion 216 110.3 50.9 40736 21200 19536 1.92 Garlic 72.91 40.2 34.6 69200 22600 46600 3.06 Brinjal 44.75 34.5 75.9 37985 17400 20585 2.18 Mustard 700 60.7 8.8 15750 9600 6150 1.64
  • 22. Cost benefit ratio of different cropping systems Crop rotation Net return B:C ratio Rice-Wheat 34294 2.10 Rice-Mustard 21584 1.82 Sorghum-Wheat 25640 2.23 Maize-Onion 19536* 1.92 Chilli-Garlic 46600 3.06 Fish 127775 3.58 *Maize crop was damaged by blue bulls
  • 23. Total energy (MJ ha-1) input and output of different cropping systems Cropping Human Diesel N, P Seeds Irrigation Total Energy Ratio system labour and K input output Rice-wheat 182 5330 19868 2352 12387 40140 209363 5.21 Rice- 171 6751 19696 838 8784 36190 169786 4.96 Mustard Sorghum- 133 5228 12334 1941 5358 24994 101525 4.06 wheat Chilli-garlic 530 4089 19767 11522 5416 41324 53722 1.30
  • 24. Thank you very much for your attention