Uncertainty Reduction Theory: A Blueprint for Building Relationships
•
10 j'aime•7,046 vues
Recommandé
Contenu connexe
Tendances
Tendances (20)
En vedette
En vedette (20)
Similaire à Uncertainty Reduction Theory: A Blueprint for Building Relationships
Similaire à Uncertainty Reduction Theory: A Blueprint for Building Relationships (20)
Uncertainty Reduction Theory: A Blueprint for Building Relationships
- 1. Uncertainty Reduction Theory Charles Berger Katie Corbin and Haley Sudduth
- 2. 1. Overview
- 3. Uncertainty reduction theory… focuses on how human communication is used to gain knowledge and create understanding.
- 4. • “The beginnings of personal relationships are fraught with uncertainties.”- Berger
- 5. 2. Reasons why we want to reduce uncertainty
- 6. 2. Incentive value 1. Anticipation of they have future something we want interaction we know we will see them again 4. We have a natural 3. Deviance: curiosity when meeting they act in a someone new. weird or odd way 5. To “make sense” of our interpersonal world
- 7. 3. UCR: to predict and explain
- 8. Predictability is the opposite of uncertainty As predictability increases, uncertainty decreases, and vice versa. Predictability and uncertainty have an inversely proportional relationship.
- 9. Attribution theory explains how people draw inferences about the character of others based on observed behavior. We constantly draw inferences about why people do what they do. As humans, we need to predict AND explain their behavior.
- 10. Two kinds of uncertainty Behavioral and Cognitive (the one URT focuses on) Uncertainty reduction: more knowledge of the kind of person someone is will help you predict how future interactions with them will turn out
- 11. 4. An Axiomatic Theory: Certainty about Uncertainty
- 12. 8 key variables of relationship development: verbal communication, nonverbal warmth, information seeking, self-disclosure, reciprocity, similarity, liking, & shared networks
- 13. Axiom: a self-evident truth that requires no additional proof
- 14. Axiom 1: Verbal Communication As verbal communication between strangers increases, uncertainty for each will decrease. As uncertainty is reduced, verbal communication will increase. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YH7NSVqbluk(stop at 1:09)
- 15. Axiom 2: Nonverbal Warmth As nonverbal warmth (expressiveness) increases, uncertainty levels will decrease in an initial interaction. Decreases in uncertainty level will cause increase in nonverbal expressiveness.
- 16. Axiom 3: Information Seeking High levels of uncertainty cause increases in information-seeking behavior. As uncertainty decreases, information-seeking behavior decreases. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HOoHh7wHtvQ (0:34-2:06)
- 17. Axiom 4: Self- Disclosure High levels of uncertainty in a relationship cause decreases in the intimacy level of communication content. Low levels of uncertainty produce high levels of intimacy. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZA16qR2tx6A
- 18. Axiom 5: Reciprocity High levels of uncertainty produce high rates of reciprocity. Low levels of uncertainty produce low levels of reciprocity.
- 19. Axiom 6: Similarity Similarities between individuals reduce uncertainty, while dissimilarities produce increases in uncertainty. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BsbQrS6yC4A
- 20. Axiom 7:Liking Increases in uncertainty level produce decreases in liking. decreases in uncertainty produce increases in liking.
- 21. Axiom 8: Shared Networks Shared communication networks reduce uncertainty, while lack of shared networks increases uncertainty. Relationships in relative isolation tend to have higher levels of uncertainty.
- 22. 5. Theorems: The Logical Face of Uncertainty Axioms
- 23. Theorem: a proposition that logically and necessarily follows from two axioms. 28 theorems that give you the big picture of interpersonal development.
- 24. The intersection shows: the number of Berger’s theorem and the correlation between the two variables. A plus sign (+) shows that the two variables rise or fall together. A minus sign (-) indicates that as one increases, the other decreases.
- 25. 6. Message Plans to Cope with Uncertain Responses
- 26. (Focuses on The thought processes people go through in order to produce the messages they speak) Most social interaction is goal-driven. “How do individuals cope with the Message plans: inevitable uncertainties they mental representations must face when of action sequences that constructing may be used to achieve messages? goals
- 27. class activity 4 Situations: 1. parent/child 2. boyfriend/girlfriend 3. online dating 4. roommate
- 28. Strategy 1: Seeking Information three approaches we can use to find out how others might react to our messages… Passive strategy: form impressions by watching how a person interacts with others. Active strategy: form impressions by asking a third party about a person Interactive strategy: impression formation through face-to-face discussion with a person; quickest route to reducing uncertainty
- 29. Strategy 2: Choosing plan complexity Plan complexity: the level of detail the plan includes and the number of back-up plans prepared in case the original one doesn’t work
- 30. Strategy 3: Hedging The use of strategic vagueness and humor to provide a way for both parties to save face when a message fails to achieve its goal
- 31. Strategy 4: Hierarchy Hypothesis The prediction that when people are dissatisfied in their attempts to achieve goals, their first tendency is to alter lower- level elements of their message
- 32. 7. Anxiety/Uncertainty Management (AUM) Theory
- 33. AUM theory says that h i g h l e v e l s o f uncertainty and anxiety lead to greater misunderstanding when strangers don’t communicate mindfully
- 34. AUM theory Differs in 5 significant ways from Berger’s URT • Anxiety: the feeling of being uneasy, tense, worried or apprehensive about what might happen • Effective communication » End goal of AUM theory is effective communication rather than closeness or relational satisfaction » Effective communication is the extent to which a person interpreting a messages does so in a way that’s relatively similar to what was intended; minimizes misunderstanding. • Multiple causes of anxiety/uncertainty • Lower and upper thresholds for fear and doubt » There’s a balance for fear and doubt, and in that balance is where we actually communicate • Mindfulness » According to AUM, the process of thinking in new categories, being open to new information, and recognizing multiple perspectives
- 35. 8. Critique: Nagging Doubts about Uncertainty
- 36. Positives The linkages between the theorems is seen as a blueprint for building solid relationships
- 37. NEGATIVES • Reliance on the concept of uncertainty and the assumption that we are all motivated to reduce it • Glitch in theorem 17 – involves axioms 3 and 7 – Axiom 3 is the problem • Disagree with Berger’s claim that uncertainty reduction is the key to understanding early encounters – Sunnafrank insists that the early course of a relationship is guided by its predicted outcome value (POV). The primary goal of our initial interaction with another is maximizing our relational outcomes rather than finding out who he or she is. – Predicted outcome value: a forecast of future benefits and costs of interaction based on limited experience with the other.
- 38. Additional Research The Facebook phenomenon: online self-disclosure and uncertainty reduction First Comes Love, Then Comes Google More self-disclosure on one’s FB page leads to less perceived uncertainty about the individual