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TROPICAL
RAINFOREST
• within the latitudes 28 degrees north or
  south of the equator (in the equatorial
  zone between the Tropic of
  Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn).
• An average of 50 to 260 inches (125 to
  660 cm.) of rain falls yearly.
• Temperature-higher than 93 °F (34 °C) or
  drops below 68 °F (20 °C)
• Humidity- between 77 and 88%;
• Covered less than 6% of the Earth’s land
  surface
• 50% of animals and plants live
• Produce 40% of Earth’s oxygen
• Two-thirds of all flowering plants can be
  found in rainforests.
• A single hectare 42,000 different species
  of insect, up to 807 trees of 313 species
  and 1,500 species of higher plants.
Tropical rainforest
Major rainforest in the world
Types of tropical forest

• Lowland equatorial evergreen rain forests
• Moist deciduous and semi-evergreen
  seasonal forests
• Montane rain forests
• Flooded forests
Lowland equatorial evergreen
          rain forests

• forests which receive high rainfall (more than
  2000 mm, or 80 inches, annually) throughout
  the year
• Occurs at the belt of the equator
Moist deciduous and semi-
   evergreen seasonal forests


• high overall rainfall with a warm summer
• wet season and a cooler winter dry season
• Some trees shed off their leaves on winter
  season
Montane rain forests


• cloud forests
• Found in cooler-climate mountain areas
• Latitude is between 1500 to 3300 m
Flooded forest
•   Permanently waterlogged swamp forest
•   Seasonally waterlogged swamp forest
•   Lower floodplain forest
•   Middle floodplain forest
•   Upper floodplain forest
•   Old floodplain forest
•   Previous floodplain
Layers of Rain Forest
Forest floor
• Forest Floor
  – bottom-most layer
  – receives only 2% of the sunlight
  – Low vegetation-low sunlight penetration
  – contains decaying plant, animal matter and fungi
  – Several species of reptiles, amphibians and insects
  – Also some large mammals
Understory
• Lies between the canopy and the forest
  floor
• home to a number of birds, small
  mammals, insects, reptiles, and predators
• about 5% of sunlight breaches the canopy
  to arrive at the understory causing true
  understory plants to seldom grow to 3 m
  (10 feet)
• plants have broad leaves
Canopy
• primary layer of the forest
• contains the majority of the largest trees,
  typically 30–45 m in height
• Tall, broad-leaved evergreen trees
• Supports rich flora and diverse fauna
Emergents
• contains a small number of very large
  trees, called emergents
• reaching heights of 45–55 m
• few species will grow to 70–80 m tall
• unique faunal species inhabit this
  layer(crowned eagle, king colobus, and
  large flying fox
Abiotic
     and
Biotic factors
Abiotic Factors


•   Temperature
•   Precipitation
•   Soil
•   Humidity
Biotic Factors
• Plants
• Animals
Plant Adaptations
Animal Adaptation
Human Impact
Mining and drilling
Conversion to agriculture land
Climate Change
Human impact
• Deforestation
• Urbanization
• Pollution
• Poaching
• Tourism

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Tropical rainforest

  • 2. • within the latitudes 28 degrees north or south of the equator (in the equatorial zone between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn). • An average of 50 to 260 inches (125 to 660 cm.) of rain falls yearly. • Temperature-higher than 93 °F (34 °C) or drops below 68 °F (20 °C) • Humidity- between 77 and 88%;
  • 3. • Covered less than 6% of the Earth’s land surface • 50% of animals and plants live • Produce 40% of Earth’s oxygen • Two-thirds of all flowering plants can be found in rainforests. • A single hectare 42,000 different species of insect, up to 807 trees of 313 species and 1,500 species of higher plants.
  • 6. Types of tropical forest • Lowland equatorial evergreen rain forests • Moist deciduous and semi-evergreen seasonal forests • Montane rain forests • Flooded forests
  • 7. Lowland equatorial evergreen rain forests • forests which receive high rainfall (more than 2000 mm, or 80 inches, annually) throughout the year • Occurs at the belt of the equator
  • 8. Moist deciduous and semi- evergreen seasonal forests • high overall rainfall with a warm summer • wet season and a cooler winter dry season • Some trees shed off their leaves on winter season
  • 9. Montane rain forests • cloud forests • Found in cooler-climate mountain areas • Latitude is between 1500 to 3300 m
  • 10. Flooded forest • Permanently waterlogged swamp forest • Seasonally waterlogged swamp forest • Lower floodplain forest • Middle floodplain forest • Upper floodplain forest • Old floodplain forest • Previous floodplain
  • 11. Layers of Rain Forest
  • 12. Forest floor • Forest Floor – bottom-most layer – receives only 2% of the sunlight – Low vegetation-low sunlight penetration – contains decaying plant, animal matter and fungi – Several species of reptiles, amphibians and insects – Also some large mammals
  • 13. Understory • Lies between the canopy and the forest floor • home to a number of birds, small mammals, insects, reptiles, and predators • about 5% of sunlight breaches the canopy to arrive at the understory causing true understory plants to seldom grow to 3 m (10 feet) • plants have broad leaves
  • 14. Canopy • primary layer of the forest • contains the majority of the largest trees, typically 30–45 m in height • Tall, broad-leaved evergreen trees • Supports rich flora and diverse fauna
  • 15. Emergents • contains a small number of very large trees, called emergents • reaching heights of 45–55 m • few species will grow to 70–80 m tall • unique faunal species inhabit this layer(crowned eagle, king colobus, and large flying fox
  • 16. Abiotic and Biotic factors
  • 17. Abiotic Factors • Temperature • Precipitation • Soil • Humidity
  • 21. Human Impact Mining and drilling Conversion to agriculture land Climate Change
  • 22. Human impact • Deforestation • Urbanization • Pollution • Poaching • Tourism