1) Open source software has been widely adopted in education due to the many free applications and cost savings that can be applied to other areas. 2) Key attributes of open source software that have helped drive adoption include unrestricted distribution, availability of source code, ability for modifications, and lack of licensing fees. 3) Open source software is now used by many learners around the world and its use is expected to continue expanding.

1. Henry Briggs Open Source Software: Diffusion and Integration of Technology in Education EDUC-7101-1/EDUC-8841-1 Dr. David Thornburg Walden University 07/08/09, revised version 6.0

2. Open Source Software

3. Open Source Software

4. Open Source Software Abstract The utilization of the computer and web technology has given rise to many innovations in the educational community.

5. Richard Stallman: A Man With An Open Vision

6. Quote Accompanying Richard Stallman's software “ Share this code with your fellow users. Learn from it. Improve upon it. And when you're done, please give something back to the community” (Kidd, 2000).

7. Linus Torvalds Author of the Linux Kernel

8. Who, What, Who, What? The business community would be the first to adopt open source because of the monetary savings. The education community would also be an early adopter of open source because of the many applications and savings that can be applied to other school departments. The strategies that will be the most persuasive would be to point out the savings and the compatibility the open source has to be used for instructional strategies The laggards would be the traditionalist that are afraid of change.

10. Source code distribution

11. Modifications

12. Author's source code integrity.

13. No personal discrimination

14. No restriction on application License distribution

15. License must not be product-specific

16. No restriction on other software - Technology neutrality (Open Source Software in Education 2008)

18. Open Source Software: Adapted and Used by Older Hardware

19. A Variety of Software is Available for Many Uses and Users.

20. Free Open Source Code: The Keys Are Free To All

22. Collaboration

23. S-CURVE of Linux Kernel- Free Open Source Operating System 29 million 1991 2001 early 2005 early Linux adopters majority 18 million 1st. User Linus Torvalds Continues to diffuse in society

24. Free Open Source Collaborative Tools 1. Access Grid; audio and video collaboration 2. Citadel; collaboration suite 3. OpenGroupware.org; software server for multiple clients 4. Spicebird; personal information manager 5. Audacity; audio recorder and editor 6. Synfig; animation builder 7. Cmap; concept mapping tool A Plethora of other free open source applications that are used for collaboration.

25. Open Source Software is used by the many of the educational community from primary to post-secondary educational users.

28. 1970's Software became closed

29. 1970's late – 1980's Stallman founded GNU project

30. 1980's late 1 st Open Source License BSD

31. 1980's – 1990's early development continues

32. 1991 – 1992 Net/2 complete operating system

33. Development -One of the diffusion studies positioned the thoughts on the paper titled “ Why Open Source Software / Free Software (OSS/FS, FLOSS, or FOSS)? Look at the Numbers!” By David A. Wheeler and uses quantitative data to give reasons why institutions and individuals may consider using Open Source Software.

34. Technological Improvements Open Source Software has addressed many of the technological difficulties of online learning. In this age of communication, the Open Source Software has enabled the world to connect and collaborate, through the circulation of the software.

35. Open Source Software is compatible with most computer hardware and other applications

37. Commercialism -The commercialism and marketing of the Open Source Software is simple because there is minimal, if any charge for the various software downloads, modification or use. -In the educational community through sharing information and various educational tools the increase of the software use has become more wide spread.

38. Open Source Software is also used by the business community:

40. “ created by tens of thousands of programmers all collaborating to create, and improve upon, a flawless website framework” (Dynamic Website Development and Design 2009).

41. others can modify the Open Source Software to suit their individual person or group or school needs

42. Benefits Continued - 2: -free open source code -detect and change or delete the attacker program, where as propriety software has hidden codes and spy-ware maybe hidden in the code without the knowledge of users and may require a fee by the proprietary vendor to rid the system of the spy-ware (The Linux Information Project 2004).

43. Benefits Continued - 3: -can be used on older hardware and thereby this is beneficial to all and especially to lower income individuals and others in third world countries who get donations of older computers who can take advantage of these open source software resources -savings monetarily lets one invest in other educational endeavors -allow teachers to expose students to a wide range of software products -addresses security issues because its source code is open and available to the users and if any “back-doors” or spy-ware is written into the program the users will be able to use

45. Apache HTTP Server

46. Internet Protocol [IP], and internet address system

47. GNU/Linux operating system, Unix-like operating system

48. Open Source can be currently utilized by many learners around the world. Its use is expected to continue to expand. Huli Wigmen of Papua, New Guinea using laptop computers.

49. References Clipart, retrieved from; www.tcpd.org on 7/1/09 Lakhan, S. E., Jhunihuwala, K. (2008). Open Source Software in Education; EDUCAUSE QUARTERLY. Vol. 31, no.2 Richard Stallman's Software quote. Kidd, 2000 REMINDER: ADD REST OF REFERENCE Vandana Singh, Michael B. Twidale, David M. Nichols, "Users of Open Source Software - How Do They Get Help?," hicss, pp.1-10, 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2009 Wheeler, D. A. “ Why Open Source Software / Free Software (OSS/FS, FLOSS, or FOSS)? Look at the Numbers!” http://irm.stackworks.net/ www.wikipedia.com Clipart retrieved from: http://www.educause.edu/EDUCAUSE+Quarterly/EDUCAUSE QuarterlyMagazineVolum/OpenSourceSoftwareinEducation/162873 on 6/25/09. Clipart retrieved from: www.tcpd.org on 7/1/09.