1. Laminates and veneers
Contents:
 Resin bonded ply wood
 Types of laminates
 Laminatedwood
 Insulating boards and other
miscellaneous boards,
 Veneers from different varieties of timber,
their characteristics and uses.
 MDF& HDF Boards.

2. Resin bonded plywood
 Plywood that has layers
bonded together with resin is
called resin bonded plywood.
Nine ply marine is bonded
together and it may have an
oak veneer like the seat
board in a bow window.

3. Uses
*Plywood is a tremendously
useful contruction material,
used in building houses,
furniture, and many other
things. Since it is made by
gluing wood together in
sheets, plywood can be
effectively any size that you
want, and it does not tend to
warp since it is made with
layers having an alternating
grain direction.
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4. LAMINATES
A laminate is a material that
can be constructed by uniting
two or more layers of material
together. The process of
creating a laminate
islamination, which in
common parlance refers to
the placing of something
between layers of plastic and
gluing them with heat,
pressure, and an adhesive

5. Materials
 There are different lamination
processes, depending on the type of
materials to be laminated. The
materials used in laminates can be
the same or different, depending on
the processes and the object to be
laminated.
 Plywood is a common example of a
laminate using the same material in
each layer. Glued and laminated
dimensioned timber is used in the
construction industry to make
wooden beams, Glulam, with sizes
larger and stronger than can be
obtained from single pieces of wood.
Another reason to laminate wooden
strips into beams is quality control,
as with this method each and every
strip can be inspected before it
becomes part of a highly stressed
component such as an
aircraft undercarriage.

6.  Examples of laminate materials
include Formica and plywood. Formica and similar
plastic laminates are used in the production of
decorative laminates, using either a high or low
pressure thermo-processing system. Decorative
laminates are produced with kraft papers and
decorative papers with a layer of overlay on top of
the decorative paper, set before pressing them with
thermoprocessing into high-pressure decorative
laminates.[1]
 High-pressure laminates consists of laminates
"molded and cured at pressures not lower than
1,000 lb per sq in. (70 kg per sq cm) and more
commonly in the range of 1,200 to 2,000 lb per sq
in. (84 to 140 kg per sq cm).[2]Meanwhile, low
Pressure laminate is defined as "a plastic laminate
molded and cured at pressures in general of 400
pounds per square inch (approximately 27

8. Invention
 Lamination was invented by Dr. Morris M.
Blum, DDS, a dentist in 1938. Although it
may sound surprising, it turns out that
dental laminate was the inspiration for
the first lamination of a photograph. Dr.
Blum used clear resin that was normally
used for capping and bonding teeth to
laminate a photograph of his wife. He is
recognized to this date for his
contributions with a special scholarship
fund at the University of Minnesota.

9. Types of wood Laminates
 There are two basic categories of wood laminate---real wood and man-made.
Both have positives and negatives, but both are good
alternatives to the more expensive hardwood.
 Real Wood
 Wood laminates incorporate a thin layer of real wood like oak or maple
and glue that onto a plywood base for added strength. The cost is lower
than hardwood due to the fact that only the top layer is real wood, but
because it does use some high-end wood it's more expensive than
man-made laminates. Also, because of the natural quality of real wood,
grain and coloring varies with each piece.
 Man-Made
 Man-made laminates are generally cheaper than wood laminate, but
there is still expense because of the nature of manufacturing. They offer
many advantages to wood laminate including being more resistant to
stains, burns, scratches and denting. Because this is a man-made
product, wood grains and coloring can be more easily balanced to
improve the look of the flooring. Man-made is also a more
environmentally friendly surface because little actual wood is used in its
creation.

10. LAMINATED WOOD
Laminated wood is
usually built by the
parallel gluing of
lumber boards in a
variety of sizes and
shapes according to
intended use. The main
products are load-carrying
members,
such as beams and
arches.

11. Features:
 section 68 mm x 83 mm for windows and
68 mm x 110 mm for doors.
 Exterior doors have double profile in the
bottom of the frame, which provide
resistance to large openings (1000-1250
mm width on the fold)
 laminated wood humidity 8% to 12
maximum at the processing time;
 thermal coefficient 0.4 W / m 2 K for
profiles of softwood and 0.55 W / m 2 K
for profiles of hardwood;

12. Advantages of laminated
wood:  Laminated wood is safer, more durable and more
resistant over time.
 Laminated wood, by definition, turned right on Joiner
items, destroying the myth "that works" so has
solved the problems of bending, warp, and no longer
work in good time to creating further inconvenience.
 Laminated wood has a compact organic internal
structure , stand in the natural environment without
suffering major changes of properties over time.
 Wood laminated permanent breathing, no
condensation on the profile almost never do.
 Laminated wood is now detaching themselves
categorically from other building materials used in
carpentry by natural, unique aesthetic fiber and
color.

13.  Laminated wood allows the creation of
shapes, textures and unique colors in the
carpentry area and beyond. This can get
round such as the radius of 300 mm, which
on other systems carpentry (pvc, aluminum is
unsustainable).
 Laminated wood doors can be personalized
by each dream, freedom of movement in
creative has no limits here.
 Laminated wood is for lifetime . Thus using
a kit for rebuilding annual basis, based on
applicable safety heaven with a simple cloth,
you can protect woodwork annually without
the need for repainting time. We have this kit
permanently.
 Laminated wood is 100% organic
 Laminated wood not dilate, so system

14. DIFFRENCES BETWEEN
LAMINATE AND VANEER
 Laminates are available in
thick sheets(0.80- 1mm).
 These are available in
many varieties.
 Available in many colours.
 these are little cheaper
than veneers.
 varies between Rs.950 to
1500
 needs no polish
 It has smooth and shiny
surface
 Veeners are available in
thin sheets(0.40-0.60mm).
 These are available in
less varieties than
laminates.
 Available in less colours
than laminate.
 these are costlier.
 varies between Rs.800 to
2400
 needs polish
 It has rough surface

15. Venee
r
 In woodworking, veneer refers to thin
slices of wood, usually thinner than
3 mm (1/8 inch), that typically are glued
onto core panels (typically, wood,
particle board or medium-density
fiberboard) to produce flat panels such
as doors, tops and panels for cabinets,
parquet floors and parts of furniture.
They are also used in marquetry.
 Plywood consists of three or more
layers of veneer, each glued with its
grain at right angles to adjacent layers
for strength. Veneer beading is a thin
layer of decorative edging placed
around objects, such as jewelry boxes.
Veneer is also a type of manufactured
board.

16.  Veneer is obtained either by "peeling"
the trunk of a tree or by slicing large
rectangular blocks of wood known as
flitches. The appearance of the grain
and figure in wood comes from slicing
through the growth rings of a tree and
depends upon the angle at which the
wood is sliced.

17.  A rotary lathe in which the wood is
turned against a very sharp blade and
peeled off in one continuous or semi-continuous
roll. Rotary-cut veneer is
mainly used for plywood, as the
appearance is not desirable because
the veneer is cut concentric to the
growth rings.
 A slicing machine in which the flitch or
piece of log is raised and lowered
against the blade and slices of the log
are made. This yields veneer that looks
like sawn pieces of wood, cut across the
growth rings; such veneer is referred to
as "crown cut".
 A half-round lathe in which the log or
piece of log can be turned and moved in
such a way as to expose the most
interesting parts of the grain.
 Each slicing processes gives a very
distinctive type of grain, depending upon
the tree species..
 Historically veneers were also sawn, but
this is more wasteful of wood. Veneering
is an ancient art, dating back to the
ancient Egyptians who used veneers on

18.  Historically veneers were also sawn, but this is
more wasteful of wood. Veneering is an
ancient art, dating back to the ancient
Egyptians who used veneers on their furniture
and sarcophagi.

19. Producing wood
veneers
 The finest and rarest logs are sent to companies
that produce veneer. The advantage to this
practice is twofold. First, it provides the most
financial gain to the owner of the log. Secondly,
and of more importance to the woodworker, it
greatly expands the amount of usable wood. While
a log used for solid lumber is cut into thick pieces,
usually no thinner than 1 1/8 inches (3 cm), veneers
are cut as thin as 1/40 of an inch (0.6mm).
Depending on the cutting process used by the
veneer manufacturer, very little wood is wasted by
the saw blade thickness, known as the saw kerf.
Accordingly the yield of a rare grain pattern or
wood type is greatly increased, in turn placing less
stress on the resource. Some manufacturers even
use a very wide knife to "slice off" the thin veneer
pieces. In this way, none of the wood is wasted.
The slices of veneer are always kept in the order
in which they are cut from the log and are often
sold this way.

20. Types of
veneers
There are a few types of veneers
available and each serves a purpose.
 A: Raw veneer has no backing on it
and can be used with either side
facing up. It is important to note that
the two sides will appear different
when a finish has been applied, due
to the cell structure of the wood
 B: Paper backed veneer is as the
name suggests, veneers that are
backed with paper. The advantage to
this is it is available in large sizes, or
sheets, as smaller pieces are joined
together prior to adding the backing.
This is helpful for users that do not
wish to join smaller pieces of raw
veneers together. This is also helpful
when veneering curves and columns
as the veneer is less likely to crack.

21.  C: Phenolic backed veneer is
less common and is used for
composite, or manmade wood
veneers. Due to concern for the
natural resource, this is
becoming more popular. It too
has the advantage of being
available in sheets, and is also
less likely to crack when being
used on curves.
 D: Laid up veneer is raw
veneer that has been joined
together to make larger pieces.
The process is time-consuming
and requires great care, but is
not difficult and requires no
expensive tools or machinery.
Veneers can be ordered
through some companies
already laid up to any size,

22. Timber Veneer, Main Types of
Veneers
 In woodworking or interior decorating
parlance, a timber veneer is referring to
any thin slices of wood that are glued onto
a core panel. This gives the appearance of
wood on a variety of different surfaces,
including furniture, cabinets, flooring, and
other decorative aspects of the home.
Plywood is one such example of veneers
that many people are familiar with. This
combines at least three layers of veneer
that are glued together. However, one layer
may be applied to particleboard or
fibreboard for a similar appearance at a low
cost.
 There are several different types of
timber veneer to choose from, if you are
interested in gaining the classic type of
look that veneers can give you. Raw veneers
have no backing on them, and are used with
one or the other side facing up. These can
then have an extra finish applied to them
after they have been applied to whatever
surface you are working on. However, itís
more common to use the type of veneers
that do have a backing on them, because
these tend to be easier to apply to any
surface that you desire.

23.  Paper backed veneers are one example of this
type of timber veneer. They may be purchased
in large sizes or sheets, which can then be cut
down to size according to your specific needs.
For example, these are far easier to use if you
are covering any curved surfaces, which are
often found in columns or furniture, because
the veneer wonít crack. These are also
preferred by those that donít want to have to
worry about joining smaller pieces of the raw
veneers together, which can be a more
intensive process than a beginner wants to take
on.
* A third type of timber veneer that you might see in frequent use is the type with a
phenolic backing. These are used as an alternative to paper or other natural resources,
for the environmentally conscious. Finally, laid up veneers are another type of raw veneer,
but they have already been put together to form larger pieces. It takes some care to
handle these types of veneers, but with the proper instruction even beginners should be
able to make use of these veneers. If you are unsure of what type of veneer will be the
best for your needs, itís a good idea to consult with a professional service who might be
able to give you some guidance.

24. Medium-density fibreboard
 Medium-density fibreboard (MDF) is
an engineered wood product formed by
breaking down hardwood or softwood
residuals into wood fibres, often in
adefibrator, combining it with wax and
a resin binder, and forming panels by
applying
high temperature and pressure.[1] MDF is
denser than plywood. It is made up of
separated fibres, but can be used as a
building material similar in application
to plywood. It is stronger and much more
dense than normalparticle board.
 The name derives from the distinction
in densities of fibreboard. Large-scale
production of MDF began in the 1980s.

26. High-density
fibreboard  Hardboard, also called high-density
fiberboard (HDF), not to be confused
with 'hardwood', is a type
of fiberboard, which is an engineered
woodproduct.
 It is similar to particle
board and medium-density fiberboard,
but is denser and much stronger and
harder because it is made out of
exploded wood fibersthat have been
highly compressed. Consequently, the
density of hardboard is 31 lbs. or more
per cubic foot (500 kg/m³)[1] and is
usually about 50-65 lbs. per cubic foot
(800-1040 kg/m³). It differs from
particle board in that the bonding of
the wood fibers requires no additional
materials,[2] although resinis often
added. Unlike particle board, it will not
split or crack. It is used
in construction and furniture.
Hardboard is produced in either a wet
or dry process. The wet process leaves
only one smooth side while the dry
processed hardboard is smooth on both
sides.

28. BY…..
Harika Singh.B
Sri Lakshmi Durga.G
Lahari Dharanipragada
Mahajabeen.
Sulochana.T