Influence of Micro Silica and GGBS on mechanical properties on high strength concrete 

1. Influence of Micro Silica and GGBS
on Compressive strength of high
strength concrete
BY
L.HARISH KUMAR (117R1A0132)
M.ANAND (117R1A0133)
S.PRANATHI (117R1A0147)
P.SILVESTRE MARY (127R5A0106)
P.ADITYA TEJA (127R5A0107)
Under The Guidance of :
Prof .S.VIJAYA BHASKER REDDY
HOD
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPT

2. Overview
• Abstract
• Objectives
• Introduction
• Literature review
• Physical And Chemical Properties Of Cement And Admixtures
• MIX DESIGN BASED ON IS: 10262 – 2009
• RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
i. Compressive strength results:
ii. Flexural strength results:
iii. Split tensile strength
• Conclusions
• References

3. Now a day’s Concrete is the one of the most widely used
construction material in construction industry because of it has high
structural strength, stability, low tensile strength, low ductility and low
energy absorption.
The greatest challenge before the industry is to serve the pressing
needs of human society i.e is the Protection of the Environment and to
provide economical construction material, Provide safeguard to the
environment by utilizing waste properly and meeting the infrastructure
requirement of growing needs of industrialization and urbanization.
The concrete industry is constantly looking for supplementary
cementitious material with the objective of reducing the solid waste
disposal problem. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), Fly
Ash; Quarry Sand….etc

4. The objectives and scope of present study are –
1. To find the optimum percentage of replacement of Micro
silica & GGBS with cement at which maximum strength is
obtained
2. To conduct Compressive strength, Split tensile strength test,
Flexural test
3. To provide economical construction material.
4. Provide safeguard to the environment by utilizing of
industrial waste products

5. INTRODUCTION:
Concrete is composed mainly of cement (commonly Portland
cement), aggregate, water, and chemical admixtures.
The word concrete comes from the Latin word "concretus"
(meaning compact or condensed).
Concrete is used more than any other man-made material in the
world.
The first major concrete users were the Egyptians in around 2,500
BC and the Romans from 300 BC.

6. Concrete solidifies and hardens after mixing with water and
placement due to a chemical process known as hydration.
The water reacts with the cement, which bonds the other
components together, eventually creating a stone-like material.
Concrete has many applications and is used to make pavements,
pipe, structures, foundations, roads, bridges/overpasses, walls and
footings for gates.

8. AGGREGATES:
Aggregate the inert filler materials, such as sand or stone, used in making
concrete
The aggregate like sand, brick and stone are inert materials. Their
properties greatly influence the behavior of concrete since they occupy
about 70- 80% of total volume of the concrete. It is logical to use
maximum of aggregates since they are less expensive then cement and
are freely available in nature. The aggregates are classified as two types
and comply with the requirements of IS 383-1970
Types of Aggregates:
(1) Fine aggregate
(2) Course aggregate

9. FINE AGGREGATE:
The locally available river sand is used as fine aggregate in the present
investigation. The sand is free from clay, silt, and organic impurities.
The sand is tested for various properties like specific gravity, water
absorption and fineness modulus of fine aggregate were found to be
2.503,1.72 and 2.74 in accordance with IS:2386-1963.

10. COARSE AGGREGATE :
Machine crushed angular granite metal of 20mm nominal size from the
local source is used as coarse aggregate. It is free from impurities such
as dust, clay particles and organic matter etc., The coarse aggregate is
also tested for its various properties.
The specific gravity, water absorption and bulk density and fineness
modulus of coarse aggregate were found to be 2.65, 0.38, 1490 kg/m3
and 7.16 respectively.

11. MATERIALS

12. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
CEMENT AND ADMIXTURES
Property/ Composition Cement GGBS Silica Fume
Specific Gravity 3.15 2.00 to 2.05 2.2
Standard Consistency 30.00% – –
Initial Setting time (Min) 42 – –
Final Setting Time (Min) 190 – –
Physical Form – Powder form Powder form
Class – F –
Chemical Composition
Silicon Dioxide (SIO2 ) 19.65% 54.92% 90-96 %
Aluminium Oxide (
Al2O3 )
5.65% 23.04% 0.5-0.8%
Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3 ) 5.40% 4.5-4.8% 0.2-0.8%
Calcium Oxide (CaO) 61.55% 3.84 % 0.1-0.5%
Magnesium Oxide (MgO) 0.91% 2.82 % 0.5-1.5%

13. The cement is tested for various properties like Normal consistency,
specific gravity, Fineness, Soundness, Compressive Strength , and
Specific Surface area were found to be 28%, 3.15, 4%, 0.5 mm, 53Mpa
and 3100 cm2/g in accordance with IS:12269-1987.
The typical raw material used for making cement are limestone
(CaCO3), (SiO2), ( AlO3) and (Fe2O3).They are 33 grade, 43 grade
and 53 grade. The 53 grade cement have one of the important benefits
is the faster rate of development of strength. The experimental results
of the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) of 53 grade is used.
CEMENT:

14. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) is a recyclable material created
when the molten slag from melted iron ore is quenched rapidly and then ground
into a powder. This material has cementitious properties and has been used as a
replacement for cement for over 100 years.
Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) is a by product of the steel
industry. Blast furnace slag is defined as “the non-metallic product consisting
essentially of calcium silicates and other bases that is developed in a molten
condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace.

15. Silica fume, also known as micro silica is an amorphous polymorph of silicon
dioxide, silica.
Silica fume used was confirming to ATSM-C(1240-2000) and was supplied by
"Genesis Rocks and Minerals". It is used as a partial replacement for cement. The
properties of Silica Fume are Specific gravity 2.2, Bulk Density 576 (kg/m3),
Specific surface area 20,000 (m2/kg), Size 0.1(micron), SiO2 (90-96)%, Al2O3
(0.5-0.8)%
It is an ultrafine powder collected as a by-product of the silicon and ferrosilicon alloy
production and consists of spherical particles with an average particle diameter of
150 nm. The main field of application is as pozzolanic material for high performance
concrete.
Silica Fume

16. • The blended cements are manufactured by adding pozzolanic or
Cementitious materials like ground granulated blast furnace slag
(GGBFS) or silica fumes (CSF) to Portland cement clinker and
Gypsum.
• Alternatively, these pozzolanic and cementitious materials can be
introduced into Portland cement concrete during concrete making
operations.
• In order to satisfy the performance requirements, different ternary
compounds required. Such as cement, fly-ash, silica fume.
TBC:

17. MIX DESIGN OF M60 BASED ON
IS: 10262 – 2009
M60
Sp G.of Cement 3.15
Sp G.of FA 2.62
Sp G. of Coarse Agg. 2.65
Vol. of FA 0.42
Vol. of CA= 1-Vol. of FA 0.58
Water Cement Ratio 0.35
Water Content 164 lts/cum
Cement 469.0 kg
for 20 mm aggregate 0%
voids 1000
Water Content 164
Cement Equivalent Volume 149
Total aggregate= 687
Fine Aggregate 756 kg
Coarse Aggregate 1056 kg
Superplasticizer 2.5 kg/cum
Total weight 2448 kg
cement water FA CA SP
469.0 164 756 1056 2.5
1.000 0.350 1.610 2.250 0.01

18. Slump Values of HSC
Cube
Notation
Slump
Values
(mm)
MIX-50 55
MIX-51 50
MIX-52 58
MIX-53 55
MIX-54 60
MIX-55 54
MIX-56 60
MIX-57 58
MIX-58 55
MIX-59 56
Cube
Notation
Slump Values
(mm)
RM3 55
MIX-41 50
MIX-42 58
MIX-43 55
MIX-44 60
MIX-45 54
MIX-46 60
MIX-47 58
MIX-48 55
MIX-49 56

19. Project Schedules
STEPS event no of days
STEP-I Study of literature
survey
10 days
STEP-II Mix design &
Mix proportions
10 days
STEP-III Material collection 10 days
STEP-IV Mixing, casting,
curing, testing.
45 days

20. OILING & MIXING OF MATERIALS

21. MIXING & PLACING OF MATERIALS

22. MIXING
MIXING USING MILLER HAND MIXING

23. CURING TANK
CURING OF CUBES , BEAMS, CYLINDERS

24. Mechanical Strength properties
• Compression strength
• Split tensile strength
• Flexural strength

25. Typical Failure Modes for Test
Cubes:
(a) Non-explosive;
(b) Explosive
Typical Failure Modes for Test
Standard Cylinders:
a) Splitting;
b) Shear;
c) Splitting and shear (cone).

27. Compression strength
• The test specimen of sizes Cubes
150x150x150 mm3 cubes are to be prepared
(for the compression strength).
• The specimens should be compacted in two
layers with tamping 25 strokes per.
layer(followed by compaction)
• After casting ,the specimens should be
covered using vacuum bagging film.

28. Compressive strength testing machine
A
P
C


29. • Coming to the curing ,the test
specimen should be placed in an
oven at room temperature for 24
hours and at a room temperature for
7,28 and 60 days in case of heat
curing ,the specimen should be kept
at room temperature for 7 days until
testing.
• Now the specimen cured at room
temperature cure tested at 7,28 and
60 days

31. Cracking Pattern of cubes for Compressive Strength

32. Split tensile strength
• It is the minimum tensile strength of concrete to
split across the vertical diameter.
• It is measured using 100*200mm length cylinders
samples.
• The test is performed as described in Bureau
Standards
• For 150 x 300 mm cylinder, fill in 3 layers compact
each layer 25 times.
• Capping to obtain a plane and smooth surface
(thin layer ≈ 3mm), using:

33. Split tensile strength testing machine
LD
P


2
sp 

34. Flexural strength
• It is the ability of a beam or slab to resist failure in
bending.
• The beam specimen of size 100*100*500mm is used
for the testing of flexural strength
• The failure made of beam will be recorded
f :
• The test is useful since most concrete members is
loaded in bending rather than in axial tension. Thus, it
represents the concrete property of interest. f is
calculated as:
I
MC


35. Tests for Flexural Strength of the Concrete Specimen
•For 10x10x50 mm beam fill in 3 layers compact
each layer 35 times.
Flexural strength:
Affected by:
- Specimen Size   strength 
- Temperature: Same as in compression.
The tensile strength of concrete is approximately
equal to 10% of its compressive strength.

36. Factors Affecting Strength of Concrete
1. Water/Cement Ratio: : W/C   strength 
2. Degree of Compaction :Strength = f (full compaction)
3. Curing Time: :7-days as well as 28-days compressive strength.
4. Rate of Loading :Higher rate of lading  higher strength.
5. Moisture Conten: : Moisture Content Standards require testing of concrete
6. Temperature at Testing :Higher Temperature  lower strength
7. Cement: :The effect of chemical composition and fineness of the cement.
8. Aggregates: :Aggregates Shape and Texture

37. Results And Discussion:
The mix proportions of M60 concrete,
along with GGBS and Silica fumes are tabulated in
the table below.
MIX Cem.
Cement MS GGBS SP
% Qty % Qty % Qty % Qty
469.0 100 469 0 0 0 0 0 0
RM3 469.0 86 403.34 4 18.8 10 46.9 1 4.69
MIX-41 469.0 76 356.44 4 18.8 20 93.8 1 4.69
MIX-42 469.0 66 309.54 4 18.8 30 141 1 4.69
MIX-43 469.0 56 262.64 4 18.8 40 188 1 4.69
MIX-44 469.0 46 215.74 4 18.8 50 235 1 4.69
MIX-45 469.0 82 384.58 8 37.5 10 46.9 1 4.69
MIX-46 469.0 72 337.68 8 37.5 20 93.8 1 4.69
MIX-47 469.0 62 290.78 8 37.5 30 141 1 4.69
MIX-48 469.0 52 243.88 8 37.5 40 188 1 4.69
MIX-49 469.0 42 196.98 8 37.5 50 235 1 4.69

38. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH RESULTS:
SL .NO
Details of
Concrete
Weight of
Cube
Compresive
Strength Mpa
Avg.
Compresive
Strength
Mpa
Remarks
1
RM3
8.16 62.716
62.022 8.12 64.84
3 8.35 58.493
4
MIX-41
8.19 58.578
61.025 8.07 65.644
6 8.09 58.844
7
MIX-42
7.96 63.244
64.718 8.05 64.218
9 7.95 66.667
10
MIX-43
7.94 59.769
62.411 8.19 60.978
12 7.98 66.444
13
MIX-44
8.09 60.964
54.7614 7.93 57.489
15 7.92 45.822
16
MIX-45
7.8 39.644
38.5217 7.79 39.253
18 7.89 36.667
19
MIX-46
8.168 51.796
54.5720 7.768 53.581
21 7.854 58.342
22
MIX-47
8.096 50.68
54.823 8.046 57.573
24 8.134 56.151
25 MIX-48 8.154 38.231
43.8726 MIX-48 8.056 43.093
27 MIX-48 7.947 50.298
28 MIX-49 7.892 33.747
36.5529 MIX-49 8.152 40.013
30 MIX-49 8.216 35.88

39. CALCULATIONS & OBSERVATIONS

40. GRAPHS : At 28days, by comparing the compressive strengths of normal concrete
(RM-3 Reference Mix)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
RM-3 MIX43 MIX46 MIX
49
28 DAYS

41. •The compressive strength increases with the
addition of GGBS and Micro silica as compared
with Reference Concrete.
•The percentage increase in compressive strength of
ternary blended concrete is found at the 12% MS
and 30% GGBS to get the maximum strength.
•The percentage of increasing strength is 8.53% then
the Reference concrete mix.
CONCLUSIONS

42. •REFERNCES
•Kumar Mehta P., Paulo Monterio J.M.(2006), “Concrete Microstructure, Properties and
Materials” Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. New-Delhi. 2006 Edition.
•Umesh P. Patil, Prakash. K.B, “Behavior of Polymer Modified Silica Fume Concrete under
Sustained Elevated Temperature”, International Journal of Earth Sciences and
Engineering, ISSN 0974-5904, Volume 04, No 06 SPL, October 2011, pp. 839-842.
•M. S. Morsy, A. M. Rashad And S. S. Shebl, “Effect Of Elevated Temperature On
Compressive Strength Of Blended Cement Mortar”, Building Research Journal, Volume
56, 2008.
•Tarun R. Naik, Rudolph N. Kraus, “Temperature Effects On High-Performance Concrete”,
Submitted for Publication and Presentation at the 6th International Symposium on
“Utilization of High Strength/High Performance Concrete," June 16 – June 20, 2002,
Leipzig, Germany.
•A. Sreenivasulu, Dr. K. Srinivasa Rao, “The Effect of Temperature on Mechanical
Properties of M100 Concrete”, American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER)e-ISSN:
2320-0847 p-ISSN : 2320-0936 Volume-2, Issue-4, pp-152-157.

43. 1.Text Books:
M.S.Shetty,” Concrete Technology”, Year 2008
M.L.Gambhir,” Concrete Technology Theory and Practice”, Year 2012
N. Krishna Raju, ”Design of Concrete Mixes” , Year 2005
A.M.Nevile, ”Properties of concrete” ELBS with Longman 1987
A.R.Santhakumar,” Concrete Technology”, Year 2011
2. IS Code Books:
 IS 456-2000 code of practice for plain & reinforced cement concrete.
 IS 10262-2009 recommended guide line for concrete mix design.
 IS 9103-1999 Concrete admixture-specification.
 IS 12269-1987 Specification for OPC 53 grades.
 IS 383-1970 Specification for coarse aggregate and fine aggregate from natural
sources.
 IS 650-1966 Specification for standard sand for testing of cement.

44. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthracite
http://www.toolbase.org/Technology-Inventory/Foundations/fly-ash-
concrete
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/25/us/25sludge.html
http://www.silicafume.org/general-silicafume.html
http://www.concretenetwork.com/concrete/concrete_admixtures/silica_f
ume.htm
http://www.uritc.uri.edu/media/finalreportspdf/536101.pdf
www.nrmca.com/aboutconcrete/cips/35p.pdf
Online Sources:

45. ELESEVER
ICJ
IRC
SSECE
SEEAL
Journals: