Teaching web accessibility at the source
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Teaching web accessibility at the source
- 1. Teaching Web Accessibility at the Source in a University Web Design Class Howard Kramer & Vijay Patel University of Colorado-Boulder hkramer@colorado.edu, 303-492-8672 Vijay.patel@colorado.edu, 303-735-1310
- 2. Today’s Outline How this course came about Overview of content of the course Curriculum materials used Student response and outcomes Successes and problem areas Future plans for the course
- 3. Goals of Presentation Benefits & Goals of Course Teaching an effective course on Universal Design The larger goal of improving accessibility on campus 3 audience objectives How to replicate this course on your own campus How the concepts & approach of this course can be applied as a means from promoting better accessibility and usability of web pages & digital media on your campus. Learning more about Universal Design, Web Standards & Accessibility
- 4. Universal Design for Digital Media What is Universal Design? “Universal design is the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design” - Ron Mace, Architect
- 5. Universal Design for Digital Media Equitable Use: The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities. Same means of use for all No text-only versions Flexibility in Use: The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities. Accommodates user-defined style sheets (such as the high-contrast text style that an individual with weak eyesight would use) Simple and Intuitive: Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level. Multiple ways of presenting info that is contained in images, graphs, audio, video, or other forms of media Tolerance for Error:The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions.
- 6. Web Standards / Universal Design – key course strategy Using Web Standards & Universal Design as foundation of course Web Standards – semantic (x)HTML markup, CSS layout, the separating of content from layout & formatting – produces the following positive outcomes Third component: Scripting – Javascript & DOM
- 7. The Benefits of Web Standards Makes it easier for people & search engines to find your content – (including AT users) Separating structure and behavior makes your site easier and less expensive to develop & test. (And much easier to update). Makes your site lighter (smaller file size) Semantic markup makes your site more accessible to different kinds of browsers and devices, incl. mobile devices and AT Designing with standards in ensures that your site is forward compatible.
- 8. Universal Design vs. Web Standards vs. Accessibility
- 9. Universal Design vs. Web Standards vs. Accessibility
- 10. An Overview of Web Standard Particulars Declare a proper doctype Declare a language in the doctype Declare the primary language of the site in the <head> area Title your page properly & uniquely !DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN“"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> If your document is XHTML, use this: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <head> <html lang="en-GB"> ... </html>
- 11. Web Standard Particulars Declare a unique title for each page. Title example <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>I am a title example</title> </head> <body> </body> ... </html>
- 12. Web Standard Particulars Use keywords & description elements <head> <title>Yahoo! UK & Ireland Eurosport—Sports News | Live Scores | Sport</title> <meta name="description" content="Latest sports news and live scores from Yahoo! Eurosport UK. Complete sport coverage with Football results, Cricket scores, F1, Golf, Rugby, Tennis and more."> <meta name="keywords" content="eurosport,sports,sport,sportsnews,live scores,football,cricket,f1,golf,rugby,tennis,uk,yahoo"> </head>
- 13. Web Standard Particulars Structure your page with Titles, Divs, & Lists
- 14. Clear & Consistent Navigation
- 15. Origins of Course& Needed Resources Proposal to ATLAS No existing course covering this topic Availability of expertise – access specialist, Web design specialist Support of senior faculty
- 16. This course will review standards for both usability and accessibility, using resources and texts from media design experts such as Jakob Nielson, Donald A. Norman and Alan Cooper and accessibility experts such as Wendy Chisholm, John Slatin and Jim Thatcher. Course Objectives/Methods: Through labs, lectures and demonstration, students will learn media design methods, along with the implementation of guidelines and tools to test the usability and accessibility of web pages and other electronic media.
- 17. Target Audience/StudentsRequired Student Prerequisites 2 or 3 computer science majors 2 or 3 coding novices 3 or 4 liberal arts majors 3 or 4 Technology and Media Arts 2 staff 1 blind student
- 18. Course Content & Structure CoreContent Web Standards* Universal Design Other topics General design Accessibility Structure 2 lectures 1 lab
- 19. CourseOutline Week 1 (Scope, who are we designing for?) Week 2 (Learning the language of design...) Week 3 (General design principles, introduction to web design) Week 4 (Interaction Design & Information architecure Week 5 (Case for web standards) Week 7 (Structure, xhtml...) Week 8 (Presentation wa dash of Behavior, CSS) Week 9 (Presentation continued…, behaviour) Week 10 (Accessibility) Week 11 (Spring Break)
- 20. CourseOutline Week 12 (Accessibility Cont’d) Week 13 (Adding Behavior, Sound, Video & Dynamic Interaction) Week 14 (Rich Internet Applications) Week 15 (HTML 5) Week 16 (Dedicated lab time for final projects) Week 17 (Finals) – Project Presentations
- 21. Curriculum Materials Chisholm, Wendy; May, Matt. Universal Design for Web Applications Zeldman, Jeffrey. Designing with Web Standards (3rd Edition) Shea & Holzschlag. The Zen of CSS Design: Visual Enlightenment for the Web. Norman, David A. The Design of Everyday Things (2002). Cooper, Alan; Reimann Robert M. About Face 2.0: The Essentials of Interaction Design (2003)
- 22. Other Curriculum Resources A List Apart - Link-Rodrigue, The Inclusion Principle, http://www.alistapart.com/articles/the-inclusion-principle/ Dev.opera.com http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/1-introduction-to-the-web-standards-cur/ Usability.gov http://usability.gov/methods/test_refine/heuristic.html Sitepoint.com http://articles.sitepoint.com/article/information-architecture
- 23. Interact with Web Standards Curriculum for Web Standards http://interactwithwebstandards.com/
- 24. Other Curriculum Resources First Principles of Interaction Design” (http://www.asktog.com/basics/firstPrinciples.html); “Personas” http://wiki.fluidproject.org/display/fluid/Personas WebAIM.org – The Legend of the Typical … http://webaim.org/presentations/2010/csun/screenreadersurvey.pdf
- 26. CSS Zen Garden http://www.csszengarden.com/
- 27. “Course Strategy” “Keys for Success,” “Positive Aspects of Course” Guest lectures UDFWA Authors: Matt May, Wendy Chisholm ZuhairMah’d – AT Expert / Consultant Effective UI Fluid project: AntranigBasman, Clayton Lewis Expert on Scripting
- 28. Zeldman – “the blind billionaire” Google and other search engines are, in effect, “blind users.” Structure Text/semantics
- 29. Areas for Improvement / Changes Breadth of curriculum More hands-on Issues of 1st time course
- 30. What was accomplished(above & beyond) Outreach to campus (staff & students) Networking, developing relationships with other key players on campus What’s Next Online version of class – fall 2011? Repeat class in 2011 or spring 2012?
- 31. Advantages of Universal Design Approach Campuses, audiences, IT, not always receptive to “disability” approach
- 32. Zeldman – “the blind billionaire” Google and other search engines are, in effect, “blind users.” Structure Text/semantics
- 33. Implementing this on the UCB Campus Committee on Universal Design & Accessibility Web Design Competition Teleconferences to campus UCB Web Design Resource url- http://www.colorado.edu/ODECE/UDAC/webcomp.html
- 34. ATHEN &AccessingHigher GroundConference Accessible Media, Web & Technology November 14 - 18, 2011 Hands-on sessions on Web Access, Assistive Technology Upcoming teleconferences Can purchase audio DVDof proceedings & access materials & handouts online Westin Hotel - between Boulder & Denver www.colorado.edu/ATconference
Editor's Notes
- “Changing direction a little bit.”[Moved slide up based on 1/27/11 presentation]Html 4.0 is first standard specification for html, followed by xhtml 1.0, 1.1 & html 5.0Will talk more about the specifics of these standards later.Benefits of Web Standards & UD approach:Allows you to approach accessible design with the wholistic concept of excellent design.Before we began developing the course, I know a lot about Universal Design and some advantages of using xhtml & css but I didn’t realize how web standards were or could be linked to accessibility and quality design.Designing with web standards promotes accessibility, - higher ranking on search engines & lower costs for development, and faster loading of web pages (& lower costs for hardware).Design that is not only accessible but usable. That is universal in that it not only is usable by persons with disabilities but by mobile devices, by cell phones and by slow internet access.To understand this, we need to review the history of Web browsers:Web standards project began in 1998. Before that time, each browser used proprietary mark-up language or html.So web designers would have to create different code segments for each browser.25% of development time was spent addressing work-arounds for browser incompatibility.Because content & layout combined unlike when we use CSS with structure xhtml. Html files wound up being 60% larger than necessary, requiring longer time to load and requiring larger space on servers, thus more expensive equipment costs. Designing with web standards not only improves the performance of your site and lowers costs but makes it more accessible to ATWhen we use CSS, content can be displayed in a verient of different ways more easily. Using structured markup such as headers to logically divinde up a page not only makes it easier for screenreaders to nvigate a page, it makes it easier for search engines such as google to find.
- We’ll get back to standards & UD later. [Next slide transitions to the origins of the course]Benefits of Web Standards & UD approach:Allows you to approach accessible design with the wholistic concept of excellent design.Before we began developing the course, I know a lot about Universal Design and some advantages of using xhtml & css but I didn’t realize how web standards were or could be linked to accessibility and quality design.Designing with web standards promotes accessibility, - higher ranking on search engines & lower costs for development, and faster loading of web pages (& lower costs for hardware).Design that is not only accessible but usable. That is universal in that it not only is usable by persons with disabilities but by mobile devices, by cell phones and by slow internet access.To understand this, we need to review the history of Web browsers:Web standards project began in 1998. Before that time, each browser used proprietary mark-up language or html.So web designers would have to create different code segments for each browser.25% of development time was spent addressing work-arounds for browser incompatibility.Because content & layout combined unlike when we use CSS with structure xhtml. Html files wound up being 60% larger than necessary, requiring longer time to load and requiring larger space on servers, thus more expensive equipment costs. Designing with web standards not only improves the performance of your site and lowers costs but makes it more accessible to ATWhen we use CSS, content can be displayed in a verient of different ways more easily. Using structured markup such as headers to logically divinde up a page not only makes it easier for screenreaders to nvigate a page, it makes it easier for search engines such as google to find.
- Probably more a part of UD or usability than Web Standards.
- Goals & Objective of Course.
- Week 1: Introduced concept of UD; review of disability demographics; analogy to mobile devices.Week 2: Norman’s design concepts: Affordance, Constraints, Feedback (going beyond affordance)Week 3: History of the Web & the History of Web Design; principles of design: layout, composition, color, typography. Page design & information architecture. Week 4: Interaction design & Information ArchitectureWeek 5: Web StandardsWeek 6: Meta data, semantic webCan look through syllabus for entire curriculum.Didn’t get back to accessibility until week 10.
- Another resource for showing power and functioning of CSS
- Ask if any more questions about the class. If not, say going to talk about more about technical aspects of web standards & UD and the benefits of taking this approach to campus.
- Now I want to talk about how you can use the approach of Web Standards & UD as a means to promote web accessibility on campus.
- At booth 722